高中英语人教版（新课程标准）选修8教学课件

Module8Unit1Alandofdiversity

.Ⅰ.词汇过关1．音意记忆。(1)________(n.)大多数；大半(2)________(n.)苦难；困苦(3)____________(n.)百分比；百分率(4)________(n.)(人口、贸易的)繁荣

(vi.)处于经济迅速发展时期课前新知预习majorityhardshippercentageboom2．形意记忆。(1)distinct(adj.)清晰的；明显的，明确的→_________(n.)差别；区分；卓著(2)elect(vt.)选择；决定做某事；选举某人→________(n.)选举(3)race(n.)种族→________(adj.)人种的；种族的distinctionelectionracial(二)单词速记1．meansn.手段；方法→________(复数)2．occurvi.发生；出现→________(过去式/过去分词)3．reformvt.&vi.改革；革新→________n.改革；改造；改良4．graspvt.抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会→________n.领会，抓住5．boomn.(人口、贸易的)繁荣→________vi.处于经济迅速发展时期6．________n.海关；关税；进口税7．luggagen.行李→________(同义词)8．slipvi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑动；滑倒→________(过去式/过去分词)9．hirevt.&n.租用；雇用→________vt.解雇10．majorityn.大多数；大半→________n.少数11．electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→________n.选举12．distinctadj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→________n.差别；区分；卓著13．applicantn.申请人→________vi.申请→________n.申请书；申请14．apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→________adv.显然地；显而易见地15．indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→________n.迹象→________n.指示器；指示信号16．punishvt.处罚，惩罚→________n.惩罚答案1．means2.occurred/occurred3.reform4.grasp5．boom6.customs7.baggage8.slipped/slipped9．fire10.minority11.election12.distinction13．apply;application14.apparently15．indication;indicator16.punishmentⅡ.短语串记1．live________继续存在；继续生存2．________meansof...用……办法；借助……3．________alife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4．keep________坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5．back________back背靠背6．teamup________与……合作或一起工作7．mark________用线画出范围；标出……界线8．take________包括；吸收；欺骗；理解9．agreat/good________许多；很多10．apply________申请；请示得到11．leave________漏掉，遗漏答案1．on2.by3.make4.up5.to6.with7．out8.in9.many10.for11.outⅢ.佳句必背1．Itislikelythat...很可能……However,____________NativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。2．why引导的表语从句，表示“……的原因”______________todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。3．过去分词作原因状语Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,____________(被吸引)theclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCalifornia.世界上不同地方的人们仍然移民到加利福尼亚，他们是被那里的气候和生活方式所吸引。4．It作形式主语的主语从句______________beforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们相信，过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以致于这里不再有主要的种族或文化团体的区别，而仅仅是一个多种族和文化的混合体。答案1．itislikelythat2.Thatiswhy3．attractedby4.ItisbelievedthatⅣ.课文语篇Californiaisthethird__1__(large)stateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.ItisthemostmulticulturalstateintheUS.Thisisnot__2__(surprise)whenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia,__3__hasattractedpeoplefromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Noonereallyknowswhattimethefirst__4__(settle)arrivedin__5__wenowknowasCalifornia.ThescientistsbelievethattheNativeAmericansreachedAlaska__6__meansofalandbridge.Inthe18thcentury,CaliforniawasruledbySpain.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen.In1848,gold__7__(discover)inCaliforniaandthedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Infact,fewachievedtheirdream,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselves.Inmorerecentdecades,California__8__(become)hometopeoplefromAsia.__9__isbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbe__10__greatthattherewillbenomajorracialorculturalgroups.答案1．largest2.surprising3.which4.settlers5.what6．by7.wasdiscovered8.hasbecome9.It10.soⅤ.单元语法名词性从句1．Thehappiestpeopleenjoy________eachagegivesthem.2．Onlyyouknow________isbestforyou.3．Mymotherknewwherewewereatalltimes.Sheknew________ourfriendswere.4．Ihadnoideaof________astagemanageractuallydid.5．Expertsaren'tstillsureexactlyhowdreamswork,butwhatiscertainis________theyarenecessaryforourmentalhealthandthateveryonehasdreams.答案1．what/whatever2.what3.who/where4.what5．that核心单词重难突破1．meansn．手段；方法ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。归纳拓展bymeansof...用……办法；借助……bythismeans用这种方法byallmeans务必，一定，当然可以byanymeans无论如何，以一切可能的手段bynomeans绝不，无论如何也不[方法点拨]means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。bynomeans位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语要部分倒装。Bynomeansistheproblemassimpleaswefirstthought.问题决不像我们当初想象的那么单纯。[活学巧练]①Inotherwords,Englishweather­speakis________meansofsocialbonding.②________nomeanswillhegiveuphisgoal.③Ifoundanapproach________raisingchickens.答案：①a②By③to2．majorityn．大多数；大半OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。Formanyyears,themajorityofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.多年来，大部分爱尔兰人以农业为生。归纳拓展a/themajorityof...大多数beina/themajority构成大多数/大部分majoradj.主要的vi.专修；主攻majorin主修minorityn．少数；少数派/人[方法点拨]themajority作主语，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；表语若是复数，谓语也用复数。themajorityof＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。[方法点拨]themajority作主语，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；表语若是复数，谓语也用复数。themajorityof＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.昨天参加会议的大多数是学生。Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。[活学巧练]①Theboysare________themajorityinthisactivity.②One­thirdofthecountryiscoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens________(be)blackpeople.答案：①in②are3．occur(occurred;occurred)vi.发生；出现Yes.Itdidn'toccurtomethat...是的，我没想到……归纳拓展(1)…occur/cometosb

某人突然想起……

(2)…strike/hitsb某人突然想起……

(3)Itoccurstosbthat…某人突然想起……

Itstrikes/hitssbthat…某人突然想起……[活学巧练]①Abrilliantideaoccurred________me.②________occurredtohimthathehadlefthiswalletathome.③Yearsago,acriticalevent________(occur)inmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.答案：①to②It③occurred4．indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示Thearrowindicatesthewaytothepark.那个箭头指示到公园的路。Snowindicatesthecomingofwinter.雪象征着冬天的到来。归纳拓展indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出/暗示某物indicatethat...示意；表明；暗示；说明indicationofdoingsth.做某事的迹象indicationthat...……迹象【活学巧练】Thereisan________(indicate)thathewillrecoverfromthedisease.答案：indication5．reactvi.作出反应；回应Peoplecanreactbadlytocertainfoodadditives.有的人对某些食物添加剂产生严重反应。Ironreactswithwaterandairtoproducerust.铁与水和空气起化学反应而生成锈。归纳拓展reactto对……作出反应reacton对……有影响reactagainst反对；反抗reactwith与……发生化学反应reactionto对……作出反应[活学巧练]①Hereacted________theunfairtreatment.②What'sher________(react)tothisincident?答案：①to/against②reaction6．electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人Purchaserscanelecttopayinmonthlyinstallment.购买者可选择逐月分期付款。归纳拓展beelectedas...被选举为……beelectedtodo...决定做……[活学巧练]①Hewaselected________ourmonitor.②IfIamlucky________(elect),Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitsofstudentsandourclub.答案：①as②tobeelected7．apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的Certainproblemswereapparentfromthebeginning.某些问题从一开始就是显而易见的。归纳拓展Itisapparentthat...……是很显然的apparentlyadv.显然地[活学巧练]Hesatatadifferenttable,________(apparent)withoutnoticingher.答案：apparently8．distinctionn.区别，区分，卓越ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA，havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.它的与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州，已经吸引了来自世界各地的人们。归纳拓展(1)draw/makeadistinctionbetween对……加以区别withoutdistinction无差别地，一视同仁地(2)distinctadj.截然不同的；清楚的；明白的；明显的bedistinctin...from...在某方面与……不同(3)distinguishv．区分；辨别；成为……的特征bedistinguishedfrom不同于；与……加以区别distinguishoneself(as...)使自己与众不同；使自己出名；使自己受人青睐[活学巧练]（1)补全句子班长在考试中成绩优异，因而显得突出。Themonitor________________byhisperformanceintheexamination.(2)(原创)Thisnewsuggestionisa/and_______(明显的）improvementfromtheoneIoriginallymade.答案：（1）distinguishedhimself（2）distinct

9．electvt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人①Sheelectedanartcoursebecauseshewasinterestedinart.因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了艺术课。②Likemen，womenhavetherighttoelectandtobeelected.妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。归纳拓展知识拓展electtodosth.决定做某事electsb.as选举某人当……electionn．选举辨析：elect，choose和selectelect主要是指在一定的范围内，在有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法则，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选出代表或负责人choose指判断和进行实际挑选，强调作决定过程中所下的决心，侧重于意志或判断select强调在进行认真考虑后，从很多的人或物中精选出最好的、最中意的[活学巧练]（1）Heelected________（be)adoctor.(2)Anewnationalleadership，withbothPresidentXiandPremierLi，________(elect)bytheNationalPeople'sCongress.答案：(1)tobe(2)waselected8．percentagen．百分比；百分率①Whatpercentageoftheearthiscoveredbyoceans?地球的百分之几被海洋覆盖着？②Whatpercentageofthestudentswereabsent?缺席的学生占百分之几？归纳拓展apercentageof后接名词时，其后面谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词相符合。thepercentageof...……的百分比，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。辨析：percentpercentagepercent“百分之……”，相当于“%”，其前一般有具体数字percentage“百分比；百分率”，不用具体数字修饰，常用high，low，large，small修饰，提问时一般用what[活学巧练](1)选词填空

(percentage/percent)①90________ofworkhasbeenfinished.②Ahigh________ofskilledworkersarewomenworkersinthefactory.（2）语法填空________percentageofthepopulationdiedintheearthquakeofLudian?答案：（1）①percent

②percentage（2）What9.slipvi.(slipped，slipped；slipping)滑动，滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小过失；滑动

归纳拓展

slipinto悄悄进入，溜进去；悄悄塞进slipaway悄悄溜走slipoutof意外地从……滑出，掉出；溜出去slipdown滑倒let…slip错过……；失去……【温馨提示】

slide和slip都有“滑”之意，但slide意为“有意地滑，平稳而顺畅地滑行”，slip则指的是不由自主地“滑，滑倒”。[活学巧练]（1）Gradually,thetension____(slip)fromourbodies.

(2)Thecarturnedonthewetroadandslipped_____thefence.

汽车在那条泥泞的道路上打滑，接着撞上了栅栏。答案：（1）slipped(2)into1.liveon继续存在；继续生存①Ourgovernmenttookmeasurestomakethiscustomliveon.我们的政府采取措施使这个风俗延续下去。②Shediedtenyearsagobuthermemoryliveson.她十年前就去世了，但她却留在人们的记忆中。归纳拓展liveonsth.以……为食；靠……生活livefor为……而活着liveupto达到；符合；不辜负livewithsth.忍受某事liveout实践；实现livethroughsth.经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存[活学巧练]（1）Theoperationturnedouttobeverysuccessful,andtheoldmanlive____foranothertenyears.（2）Somefamoussingerslivewiththeincomefromrecordsales.(原创）答案：（1）on（2）with改为on2．makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生①Mr.Bobmadealifebysellingnewspapers.鲍勃先生靠卖报为生。②TheywenttotheWestanddecidedtomakealifethere.他们去了西部地区，决定去适应新生活。归纳拓展life相关短语：①cometolife突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃②live/leada．..life过着……的生活③comebacktolife苏醒过来；恢复生气④fulloflife充满生气⑤start/makeanewlife开始新生活⑥bringsb./sth.(back)tolife给某人/事物以活力；使复活[活学巧练](1)TheysettleddowninChinaandmade_____lifeforthemselves.(2)ThenewteacherreallybroughtFrench____lifeforus.答案：①a

②to3．keepup坚持；维持；使不低落；继续；持续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)①Thegoodnewskeepsourspiritsup.好消息使我们情绪高涨。②Nobodyknowshowlongthedroughtwillkeepup.没有人知道干旱将持续多长时间。③Keepupyourcourage!鼓足勇气！归纳拓展keepupyourcourage/theoldcustoms保持勇气/旧的传统keepupyourspirits打起精神keepupwith跟上，不落后keepitup保持优异成绩，继续干下去keeptosth遵守，信守keepawayfrom避开；远离keepoff勿踩；勿踏[活学巧练]①Thepolicewarnedthepeoplearoundtokeepaway________theburningbuilding.②Thingswillonlyworkoutifweallkeep________theplan.答案：①from

②to4.teamupwith

(tocooperatewith)相称；合伙，合作，协作It'sapleasuretoteamupwithsuchexcellentworkers和这样出色的工人一起干活真愉快。归纳拓展keepupwith跟上catchupwith赶上putupwith忍受；容忍endupwith以……结束

[活学巧练]用teamupwith,keepupwith,putupwith和endupwith的适当形式填空。①Shealwaysstaysuplatetostudyinorderto______________theothers.②It'stoodelightfulofyoutobesonicetohim,and______________allhistiresomestories.③Theparty______________asongthateveryoneisfamiliarwith.④Ineedto______________yourfirminabusinessproject.Couldyouputmethroughtoyourboss?答案：①keepupwith②putupwith③endedupwith④teamupwith5.

markout

画线；标出……的界线；规划Whenplantingseedlings,Iprefertomarkouttherowsinadvance.种树苗的时候，我更喜欢事先标出行来。归纳拓展markoutfor

看中；选定markdown写下，记下；降低……的价格；打低分bemarkedwith…标记着……；被标上……记号

[活学巧练]指出markout在句中的不同含义。①Thesiteofthenewchemicalfertilizerplanthasbeenmarkedout.________②Thedirectionsofurbandevelopmenthavebeenmarkedout.____________③Hewasmarkedoutasthemostpromisingyoungsoldierinthewholearmy.__________答案：①标出边界

②规划，拟定h③选出，选定6.takein

包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗；缩小(尺寸)Totakeinenoughfreshair,Timraisedhisheadregularly.为了吸入足够的新鲜空气，蒂姆时不时地抬起头。归纳拓展takeapart拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等)；轻易打败takedown拿下，取下；拆卸；记下takeback取回，带回；收回说过的话；使……回忆takeup开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理；继续

(中断的话)，接下去讲takeover继承；接收，接管takeoff脱下(衣服等)；起飞，腾飞takeon承担，从事；呈现[活学巧练]用take相关短语的正确形式填空。①I'msorryIwasrude;I___________everythingIsaid.②Wefinditdifficultto________whatheteaches.③Thecompanydecidedto________anewsecretary.④Whenthepicturewas___________，thewalllookedverybare.⑤Wouldyoulikemeto________thedrivingforawhile?⑥BillGatesisreallyagreatman,whosecareer________inhisearlythirties.⑦Englandwasreally__________byItalyinlastnight'smatch.⑧I'll____________thestorywhereIfinishedyesterday.答案：①tookback②takein③takein④takendown⑤takeover⑥tookoff⑦takenup⑧takeup7.agreat/goodmany

许多，大量Agreatmanyhouseswereknockeddownbytheearthquake.许多房子在地震中坍塌了。归纳拓展表示“许多”的单词和短语：修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词二者皆可manymuchalotof/lotsofagood/greatmany(of)alargeamountofalargequantityofmanya(n)agreatdealof

quantitiesofalarge/greatnumberoflargeamountsofmassesofquiteafewplentyof【易错警示】agood/greatmany后接复数名词，但agood/greatmany后接of时，of后的名词前必须加限定词these/those/the/one's等，然后再加复数名词。【温馨提示】(1)alargeamountof修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，而largeamountsof修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Alargeamountofmoneywasspentonthebridge.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.修建这座桥花费了大量的金钱。(2)quantitiesof无论修饰可数名词复数还是修饰不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。如：Quantitiesofpaperarewastedbecauseoftheuseofcopymachines.由于复印机的使用，大量的纸张被浪费了。Quantitiesofnutswereonthetable.桌子上有大量的坚果。[活学巧练](1)Inthe2016GuangdongIndustrialFair,_________(mass)electronicequipment,goodinbothqualityandstyle,willbeshown.（2）Agoodmanyofstudentsinourclasslikeslisteningtothesong.(改错）答案：（1）masses(2)去of

重点句型

1ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.

没有人真正知道，第一批开拓者到达我们现在称之为加利福尼亚州的确切时间。句型公式：

what在名词性从句中的语义和语法功能句式点拨：这是一个多重复合句，what在本句中引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，意为“所……之事”。what用作代词，在译法上非常灵活，它可以指“……的东西；……的人；……的时间；……的地点”等；what在句法中可以作主语、宾语、表语，相当于定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”。what的具体用法如下：(1)指代“……的东西”，意为“什么；多少；怎么；……的；所……的”，相当于somethingthat。如：

Itmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,b