第3部分：概括段落大意和补全句子

第3部分：概括段落大意和补全句子第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16〜25题，每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：（1）从第16〜20题后所给的6个选项中为第①一⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）从第21〜25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Passage1（选自大纲样题）TheWeightExperimentNicolaWaltershasbeentakingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandloseweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalleda‘calorimeter'（热量测量室）isonewaytofindout．①Thesignsabovethetworoomsreadsimply‘ChamberOne'and‘ChamberTwo'.Thesearethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads‘Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress'andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,havespentvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertisementforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholeareaofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.Thissequencewasrepeatedfourtimesoversixweeks.Shearrivedatthecalorimeterat8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereating,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysis.Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom.‘Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,'saysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled（踩踏板）forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn'tgotoofast.Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.Whatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinside?B.Whatprogrammewasdesignedfortheexperiment?C.Whatisacalorimeter?D.Whatkindoffoodsaretopeople'staste?E.Howdothevolunteerskillthetime?F.WhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments?Taskl16.Paragraph①17.Paragraph②18.Paragraph③19.Paragraph④20.Paragraph⑤16.Paragraph①显示答案【答案】C【解析】第一段主要讲了实验所需要的设备和条件，前面的内容主要针对calorimeter做了相关描述。17.Paragraph②显示答案【答案】F【解析】第二段主要介绍了Nicola自愿参加这一实验的意图和目的，虽然没有超重问题，但出于对饮食调节和身材的保持，她选择加入这一项目。18.Paragraph③显示答案【答案】B【解析】该段的第一句话是主题句TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.即：实验所涉及的内容、具体的要求和环节。19.Paragraph④显示答案【答案】e【解析】段首句往往是主题句，首句说明科学家帮助志愿者设定一个日程表来打发在密室里的时间。后面介绍了看电视、看录像、看书、骑单车等活动。20.Paragraph⑤显示答案【答案】D【解析】第五段的首句出现了foods一词，从剩余的两个选项A和D中很明显就能选出D。第五段主要介绍了什么食物适合人的胃口。小贴士：本部分考查学生的概括能力，读懂首句是关键，因为首句往往是主题句。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementscanbestsummarizethefollowingpassage.Celebritieswillalwayshavealargeinfluenceonsociety.Theinfluencetheyhaveontwitterisincredible.TwitterisaneasywayforfanstoconnectwiththeirfavoritecelebrityandmanycelebritiesaretakingadvantageofTwitter'spopularity.Everycelebritytweetstartsafirestormofretweets,replies,anddiscussionsaboutwhatacelebrityjusttweeted.Agoodexampleofthisisthatthetrendingtopicsoftenrevolvearoundacelebrityorsomethingthatacelebrityrecentlytweeted.Celebritytweetsalsobecomenewsintheworldofcelebritynews.CelebritiesnowuseTwittertocommunicatewiththepublicinsteadofissuingstatements,andalsousetheiraccountstodispelrumors,makeannouncements,andpromotetheirmovies,albums,orbooks.Moreover,becausetherearesomanycelebritytabloids（小扌报），simpletweetsabouttheireverydayliveswillalsobecomefrontnews.A．Celebrities'useoftweetB．Politician'sinfluenceontweetC．Tweet'spopularityD．Neworganizations'understandingoftweet【答案】A【解析】本题考查概括段落大意。本段出现频率最高的词是celebrity,本段一直在讲名人如何使用微博，故选A。【知识点】概括段落大意Task2Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything.NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments.23.Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter.24.Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets.25.ResearcherswatchedNicolapedaling.A.thevolunteersdo.becauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblem.becausethelifetherecanbeveryboring.D.makepeopleovereat.E.becauseshewasherownboss.F.soastocontrolthespeed.21.Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything.显示答案【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的关键词calorimeters和record定位在第一段。从第一段第三句话尤其是后半句Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads‘Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress'andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.可知答案为A。此处record和register属同义替换。22.NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments.显示答案【答案】E【解析】根据题干中的关键词NicolaWalters定位在第二段，关键句是第二段的第三句话Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter.显示答案【答案】C【解析】根据题干中的关键词volunteers及同一顺序的原则定位在第四段。该段主要讲了密室里的生活很枯燥。同时根据句子结构分析可知此处需填从句，故从B和C中选择。Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets.显示答案【答案】D【解析】根据第五段第二三句话Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdiets高脂膳食arelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,…ResearcherswatchedNicolapedaling.显示答案【答案】F【解析】根据题干中的关键词researchers,Nicola及pedaling定位在第四段的最后一句Shepedaled（踩踏板）forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn'tgotoofast.小贴士：根据题干中的关键词回到原文中快速进行定位是取得高分的诀窍，同时要观察题干的结构及备选答案的结构以快速缩小范围。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Decidewhichofthestatementscanbefilledintheblanktomakethesentencecompleteaccordingtothefollowingpassage.1Flynn,attheePolicyInstitute,saysit'simportantthatemployershaveaclearonlinepolicyandthenexplainit.Shebelievesnotenoughemployershaveconductedformaltrainingonsuchmattersasonlineresponsibilityandconfidentiality（保密性）.2Meantime,heradvicetoanyemployeeisthis:\startblogging.Don'tstartchatting.Don'tevenstarte-mailinguntilyoureadthecompanypolicy.\Flynnsuggeststhatemployeesshouldstartblogging,chattingore-mailingonlyaftertheyfinish.A．havingaclearonlinepolicyB．readthecompanypolicyC．readingthecompanypolicyD．haveconductedformaltraining【答案】C【解析】本题考查补全句子。根据题干中的startblogging，chatting，e-mailing定位在第二段。再根据句子结构，因为finish要接动名词作宾语，可以排除B和D,再根据\Don'tstartchatting.Don'tevenstarte-mailinguntilyoureadthecompanypolicy.'可以确定答案为readingthecompanypolicy，即C。【知识点】补全句子Passage2（选自Self-Assessment1）FiveReasonstoCelebrateMistakes①Mistakeshaveawayoffocusingourattentionandputtingcrucialproblemsrightinourface.Mistakeslightapathforus.Whenweownuptoourmistakes,weoftenknowexactlywhat'sworkingandwhatwecandotofixit.②Thereisonesurewaytoavoidmistakesandthat'stoavoidlife.Thewriterwhoneverfinishesabookwillneverhavetoworryaboutgettingnegativereviews.Thecomedianwhoneverperformsinfrontofanaudienceissuretoavoidtellingjokesthatfallflat失败，达不到预期效果.Whenwearecomfortablewithmakingmistakes,we'remorelikelytotakerisksandtackleprojects.Celebratingmistakesinvolveswisdom.Effectivepeopledon'tsetgoalswiththeideaofmakingmistakes.Instead,theyaimtoreachthosegoalswhileacceptingtheriskoferror.Imagineworkingatacompanythathasnostandards-wheremistakesarenotdistinguishedfromsuccessesandnooneisheldaccountableforerrors.Wecouldturninthemostcarelessandthecrudest未加工的，肤浅的piecesofworkwe'deverdone,andtheywouldgettreatedthesameasourbestwork.We'dneverbeabletocountonhavingthesuppliesweneededbecausenoonewouldcomplainwhenvendors供应商，商贩failedtodeliver.Projectscouldgopermanentlyunfinishedandnoonewouldsayanything.Inanatmospherewherethere'snodifferencebetweenfailureandsuccess,theword\wouldbewithoutmeaning.Mistakescanhappenonlywhenpeoplearetrulycommittedtomakingthingswork.Theword\whatwedesire.Noticingandadmittingourmistakesremindsusofwhatwereallywanttohave,do,andbe.Mistakesofferusanopportunitytopracticetruthtelling.Withthisactcometherewardsofhonestyandfrankness,includingself-knowledge自知之明andthecapacityforchange.Aswetellthetruthaboutourmistakes,wecanbenefitbyreleasingshameandblame.Fixingmistakesandpreventingthemfromhappeningagainarekeygoals.Mistakesareusuallymoreinstructivethansuccesses-andoftenfarmoreinteresting.Thelessonswelearnfrommakingmistakesoftenstickwithusforalifetime.Wecantrans