同义替换破解2022新高考甲卷BCD篇阅读理解+讲义 高三英语二轮复习

阅读冲刺，核心替换。阅读我很少带学生翻译句子，我的讲解方法是题配句，再缩小范围至词换词，点对点，最后精准定位直击正确答案，减少无效信息对学生的干扰。有些难度的说明文或议论文读透一二段。怎么读：找出这两段里同义替换出现两次以上的核心词，这就是主旨，所有的答案都要围绕着主旨作答，减少无效信息的干扰。BGoffin’scockatoos,akindofsmall

parrot

nativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilar

shape-recognition

abilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,the

birds

haveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,

cockatoos

werepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometric

shape,andthe

birds

weregivenfivedifferently

shaped

“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.B篇只有三段，所以我只截取了第一段来看一看这篇文章的主旨。我们很清晰地看到第一段出现了三个shape和bird.所以我们可以推测这篇文章是关于一种鹦鹉有图形识别的能力。主旨找到后，我们再来看具体的题目。24.Howdidthe

cockatoos

getthe

nut

fromthe

box

inthe

experiment?Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.

Though

notknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecent

experiment,

cockatoos

werepresentedwitha

box

witha

nut

insideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.符合题目中四个关键词的是第一段的第四行。这道题我们有这几个思路题目问How,答案在第四行的后面那句:第五行的a“keyhole”锁眼，fivedifferentlyshaped“keys”是工具，工具用来开锁，对应B选项tool.though虽然。所有转折处是出题重点，这个实验的主题句实际就是skilfulattoolus.同样我们可以选出B这个答案.25.Whichtaskcan

humanone-year-olds

mostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?In

humans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaround

oneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical

(对称的)

shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.这道题非常简单，roundhole与C选项是原词复现。同时我们发现“shape”再次出现，"round"是“shape”的下义词同义替换.26.Whatdoesthe

follow-uptest

aimto

findout

aboutthecockatoos?The

next

step,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryand

workout

whetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.next同义替换follow-up,findout同义替换workout,答案选D，asenseoftouch是原词复现.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?根据“shape”这个主题词，只有D出现shape.同时我们再回头看2425都是再围绕着主题出题，24是考察鹦鹉如何recognizeshape----usetools.25是考察鹦鹉的辨别能力，这道题出得非常简单，问的是一岁婴儿的形状辨别能力---圆形。如果要出难一点，就可以问鹦鹉和两岁儿童一样，具备怎样的recognizableability---allocentricframeofreference.

这里大家注意，原文中并没有给allocentric进行注释。而这个单词可以完美地考察“新课程标准核心素养里的逻辑推理能力”，强烈建议老师在讲这篇阅读的时候问一问学生这个单词什么课意思，它是完全可以从原文推断出的.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.我为什么说这道题太简单，因为答案竟然在but前面，这绝对不是这篇文章的重点，出题人在B篇的这道题就是要送分。在But后面出现了itwillbeanotheryear同义替换第二段句末的two-year-oldbaby,

lesssymmetrical同义替换allocentric,所以allocentric就是不对称的意思。而这个单词有趣的地方在于这是个在字典中查不到的单词，我在牛津高阶英汉双解第九版中未找到这个单词及其任何词性变化。这提醒我们老师和学生，不要把阅读能力完全等同于单词量，阅读训练一定要注意逻辑推理能力也就是同义替换能力（包括原词复现，近反义词复现，上下义词复现）。C整篇文章和四道题都是很直接的同义替换.AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobea

trip

Ginniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefor

travel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,she

toured

intheUK,butalwayslongedto

explore

further.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.根据一二段，我们看到trip及其同义替换出现了四次。我推测这篇文章讲的是一次旅行的故事.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?其实“taketheplunge”这个短语是我在续写中也会训练学生适用的，它的中文意思是“（尤指深思熟虑后）果断行事，毅然决定”,推荐你在续写中也学着使用.那如果你从来没有见过这个短语，该怎么做这道题呢？Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimeto

taketheplunge.dancing和前一句的dancer是同义替换，所以taketheplunge就是explorefurther的同义替换，答案A是explorefurther的同义替换.意思是“去更远的地方旅行，在旅行中尝试新的东西”.29.WhatmadeGinni

decide

onthetriptoAntarctica?AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldget

last-minutecheapdeals

onshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“Ijust

decided

Iwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”

引号中人物说的话其实都是对前一句主题句的再次阐释.cheapdeal和discountfare是同义替换，所以答案选C.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?Therealizationthatthisisa

precious

land,to

berespected

byhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.

precious,berespected同义替换被preserved，所以答案选C.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?这样的主旨题、标题题我们要再把重心放到首尾段.本篇由于尾端只有一句话，所以我们加上了倒数第二段.AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobe

atripGinniwouldneverforget.InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.

“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”

Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.前面我们已经分析过了，这篇文章的主题是“一次去南极的旅行”.首段末尾forget和unforgettable同义替换，答案选B.其它几个错在哪里，我也来讲一讲：C把南极扩大成了全世界.D只提了animals,而倒数第二段还提到了sunrise,所以是整个经历都让人惊叹.DSometimeintheearly1960s,

asignificantthing

happenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscoveredits

harbor.

Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortof

there

—broadparks,

superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitisthe

harbor

thatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydney

ferryboats

foraliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrossthe

harbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.D篇的主题词是“harbor”，beach和ferryboat我们都可以看作harbor的下义词.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?我们寻找的答案应该就是harbor,对应的是C中的key.并且significant,首段末句的强调句，都在说海港对于悉尼这个城市发展的重要性.33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?AndrewReynolds,a

cheerful

fellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydney

ferryboats

foraliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacross

theharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’ll

missthese

oldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacing

them

withcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,

but

they’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”Shirley出现在第六段，32题考查第一段，根据题文同序原则，33题应该是2-5段，这正好是Andrew和“我”的对话.beattachedto替换miss.第一个but表达了Andrew的态度，他更喜欢老式的ferryboats,catamarans代表了新式的摆渡船，所以BC都错，这两个选项都是在说新.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?EverywhereinSydneythesedays,

changeandprogress

arethewatchwords(口号),and

traditions

areincreasinglyrare.

ShirleyFitzgerald,

thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushto

modernity

inthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofits

past,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyis

confused

aboutitself,”shesaid.“We

can’t

seemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewanta

modern

cityora

traditional

one.It’sa

conflict

thatwearen’tgettinga