中考英语语法复习之词语辨析

第十九章词义辨析1.方位介词on,over,aboveon:表面接触Thereisashiptheriver.over:在垂直的正上方<反>underThereisbridgetheriver.above:高于，不一定垂直<反>belowThereisaplaneflyingthebridge.2.in,on,to+方位名词in:在范围内的某个方向BeijingistheNorthofChina.on:两个平等的范围相互搭界HunanisthesouthofHubei.to:两个平等的范围不搭界JapanistheeastofChina.3.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof:在…前面(范围之外)inthefrontof:在…的前部(范围之内)ThereisacarthehouseandTomsitsthecar.4.cross,across,throughcross:v.穿过，越过Don’tthestreetwhenthelightisred.across:prep.从表面横穿Becarefulwhenwalkingthestreet.through:prep.从内部空间穿ThegirlswamtheEnglishChannellastmonth.HuangpujingrunsShanghaicity.5.inthetree,onthetreeinthetree:不是树上结的东西Therearetwobirdsandamonkeythetree.onthetree:树上长的Therearemanybigapplesthetree.with,in,by,throughwith:用工具withapen/withahammerin:用语言、材料、书写的方式inEnglish/inink/inpaint/inLargeLetters/inshorthandby:用方式、方法、手段bybus/byhand/byteachingthrough:通过…途径throughhardworkinfuture,inthefutureinfuture:=fromnowon从今以后的全部将来inthefuture:将来的某一时刻ImuststudyhardinfutureandIwillsucceedinthefuture.sound,noise,voicesound:泛指一切声音noise：噪音job,workjob:n.可数。工作,职业,任务,职责。work:v.&n.不可数。accept,receiveaccept:主动接受。强调主观。receive:收到。强调客观情况voice：嗓音alone,lonelyaloneadj.表语独自的，一个人的客观adv.状语单独地，独自地lonelyadj.表语孤独的，寂寞的主观定语偏僻的，荒凉的，孤独的Iwastravellingaloneinthelonelymountain.Ididn’tfeellonelythoughIwasalone.穿戴puton后接衣服强调穿的动作Putonthecoat.wear后接衣服强调穿戴的状态Sheiswearingabluedressandaminkcoat.dress后接人dresssb.(动作)给别人穿衣服dressoneself(动作)给自己穿衣服bedressedin+衣服(状态)in后接颜色或衣服强调状态Sheisinareddress.haveonTheEmperorhadnothingonatall.花费take时间主语it或物Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.spend金钱/时间主语人sb.+spend+金钱/时间+onsth.+(in)doingsth.cost金钱/时间主语物sth.+cost+sb.+金钱/时间pay金钱主语人sb.+pay+金钱+forsth.say,speak,tell,talk,chatsayvt.说，讲。强调说的内容。vi.和…说。saytosb.speakvt.讲某种语言vi.侧重讲的动作。speaktosb.tellvt.告诉,讲述(story,lie,joke,truth)tellsb.Sth.=tellsth.tost.talkvi.谈话,谈论talkabouttalkwith/tosb.制造bemadeof+原材料(看得见)Wineismadegrapes.bemadefrom+原材料(看不见多种材料混合)ThiscarismadeGermany.bemadein+产地Cottonismadeclothes.bemadeby+制造者Thehouseismadewood.bemadeinto+成品MykiteismadeUncleTom.borrow,lend,keepborrowsth.fromsb.借入，往里借lendsthtosb.借出，向外借keep+时间段持有steal,robstealsth.fromsb./sp.从某人/某地那里偷某物robsb/sp.ofsth.抢某人/某地某物usedtousedtodo过去常常做某事be/getusedtodoing习惯做某事beusedtodo被用来做…Myfatherusedto(drive)towork,butnowheisusedto(walk).look,see,watch,readlook:看，(动作)vi.lookatsee:看见(结果)watch:观看(电视，戏剧，比赛，演出)read：阅读(书报杂志)listen,hearlisten:听(动作)vi.listentohear:听见(结果)lookfor,find,findoutlookfor:寻找(动作)find:发现(结果)findout:通过调查发现、查明事实，真相一言辨异：Shelookedforherlostringeverywhere,butshedidn’tfindit.Thenextdayshefoundoutthataboyhadstolenit.discover,inventdiscover:发现。偶然原本就存在的东西或事实真相。ColumbusdiscoveredNewContinent.invent:发明。原本没有的，创造出来的Edisoninventedthelight.sleep,asleep,sleepysleep:n.&v.睡觉gotosleep;sleepagoodsleepasleep:adj.（表语）fallasleepbeasleepsleepy:adj.困倦的feelsleepysleeping:n.（定语）sleepingbag/sleepingcar/asleepingbaby睡觉gotobed上床，就寝。强调动作gotosleep入睡，睡着了。强调结果fallasleep自然而然，不知不觉睡着。强调动作beasleep睡着了的。强调状态24.bestrictin,bestrictwithbestrictinsth.:对某事(工作、学习)严格要求bestrictwithsb.:对某人严格要求。Studentsmustbestricttheirstudyandteachersmustbestricttheirstudents.bring,take,fetch,carrybring带来从别处带到说话人这里take带走从说话人这里带到别处fetch去取=goandgetcarry拿，运送，肩扛手提，不标明方向die,dead,dying,death,dieof,diefromdievi.死。瞬间动词deadadj.无生命的,死的dying现在分词垂死的,要死的deathn.死亡dieof死于…(疾病,衰老)内部原因diefrom死于…(地震,事故)外部原因27.havegoneto,havebeento,havebeenin,havebeenawayhavegoneto:去了某地havebeento:去过某地havebeenin:在某地呆着（一段时间）havebeenaway离开某地（一段时间）28.…enoughto…,too…to……enoughto…足够…而能够(做)too…to…太…而不能(做)29.befamousfor,befamousasbefamousfor因…而著名(不同概念)ChinaisfamoustheGreatWall.befamousas作为…而出名(同一概念)Chinaisfamousanancientcountry.besides,except,exceptfor,besides:除了…之外(还)，附加关系+法=inadditiontoexcept:除了…之外，排除关系-法不可放在句首,用exceptfor代替English,theyalsostudymaths,physicsandchemistry.HegoestoschoolSunday.Heansweredallthequestionsthelastone.31.sometime,sometime,sometimes,sometimessometime一段时间Ittookmetofinishthereport.sometimeadv.某时Wewillmeetnextweek.sometimes几次，几倍WehavebeentotheGreatWall.sometimes偶尔，有时Shegoestoschoolonfoot.口诀:分开是“一段”相聚在“某时”；分开s是“倍次”相连s是”有时“32.Howmany多少？对数量提问(可数)Howmuch多少？对数量提问(不可数)Howlong多长时间？对for+时间段提问Howsoon多久以后？对将来时中in+时间段提问Howfar多远？对距离提问Howoften多长时间一次？对频率提问33.hearof/about,hearfromhearof/about:听说。间接听到或听说某人某事。hearfrom:收到…来信34.manageto,tryto,trydoingmanagetodo:设法做成某事trytodo:企图，设法去做某事trydoing:尝试做某事35.参观，拜访visitsp/sb.光顾、参观某地;看望、拜访某人callatsp.callonsb.dropinatsp.dropinonsb.forget,leave,loseforget记不起，忘记了leave把某物落在某地，lose丢了，找不到了到达arrive不及物arrivein/atget不及物gettoreach及物anumberof,thenumberofanumberof:大量，许多，后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数thenumberof:…的数量。中心词是number,谓语动词用单数Anumberofteachersarepresenttoday,thenumberofthemis300.39.muchtoo,toomuch,toomanymuchtoo:太,非常，后接形容词或副词。Hecan’twriteonacard.toomuch:太多,后接不可数名词,或修饰行为动词,置于句末。Thereis