unit2 Earth and Environment第二单元地球与环境

Unit2EarthandEnvironmentPartIWarmingUpTrainingfocus:Selectinformation:“What,who,how”innewsitems.desertification:theprocessofbecomingdesert(asfromlandmismanagementorclimatechange)沙漠化oilspill:油轮漏油Oilspillisanenvironmentaldisasterwhichkillsfishandbirdsaswellaspollutesthesea.油轮漏油污染海水,杀死鱼、鸟,是环境的大灾害

TheFloridaEvergladesisasubtropicalmarshlandlocatedinthesouthernportionoftheU.SstateofFlorida.blaze:火焰;火灾;熊熊燃烧Severalhouseshadbeenburnttothegroundwhentheblazewasputout.大火扑灭时,好几间房子已全部烧毁。Greenland:格陵兰岛AnislandofDenmarkinthenorthernAtlanticOceanoffnortheastCanada.ItisthelargestislandintheworldandliesmostlywithintheArcticCircle.InhabitedbyInuitpeoplesasearlyas3000B.C.,itwasdiscoveredbytheNorwegiannavigatorErictheRedinthetenthcenturyA.D.,becameaDanishcolonyin1815,andwasgrantedhomerulein1979.Keys:1.impactofclimatechange,damagetocrops,worse2.2000delegates,northernBrazil,thirdUnitedNationsConferenceonDesertification3.ahugeoilspill,Mexico4.Wildfires,Florida,contained,aweek5.Greenlandismeltingaroundtheedges,50cubickilometers,raiseglobalsealevelB:reptilespecies:ananimalthatcrawlsormovesonitsbelly(asasnake)oronsmallshortlegs(asalizard)爬行动物;爬虫类aerialoffensive:空气传播侵害directory:电话号码簿，公司实名录compensate:补偿,弥补deformity:deformity:whenapartofthebodyhasnotdevelopedinthenormalwayorwiththenormalshape畸形(或残缺)的部分[C]adeformityofthehand手的畸形salamander蝾螈,火蜥蜴alligator短吻鳄xeriscaping

节水型园艺sawgrass:锯齿草,莎草eradicate:摧毁,完全根除,消灭,杜绝amphibian:

ananimal,suchasafrog,whichlivesbothonlandandinwaterbutmustlayitseggsinwater

两栖动物poppy:罂粟TheWorldConservationUnion(IUCN):世界自然保护联盟Itattemptstobalanceenvironmentalconcernsandtheneedsofthecommunity.Reptilespeciesareingreatertroublethanamphibianspecies.Anewapproachinthefightagainsttheillegaldrugstrade.Oneineveryeightspeciesofplantsisthreatenedwithextinction.Anewlocaldirectoryfortheenvironmentally–aware,calledthe“BoulderCountyGreenPages.”PartIINews

ReportAvibrancy:活跃,活力Ilikethevibrancyofhercharacter.我喜欢她的活泼性格。coralreef:珊瑚礁glacier:冰河

Daimler-Chrysler:isaprominentautomobileandtruckmanufacturer,formedin1998bythebuyoutoftheChryslerCorporation(USA)byDaimlerBenz(Germany).克雷斯勒公司

ShellOil:ShellOilCompanyisoneofAmerica'sleadingoilandnaturalgasproducers,naturalgasmarketers,gasolinemarketersandpetrochemicalmanufacturers,andtheleadingoilandgasproducerinthedeepwaterGulfofMexico.壳牌石油

Listentothesecondnewsreport.Supplythemissingwordswhilelistening.Washingtontheinformationeconomydeterioratinghealthoftheplanetinformationeconomyeducationandentertainmentphysicalexamvitalsignsspeciesclimatetemperatureswatertablesglaciersforestsfisheriestostabilizebothclimateandworldpopulationgrowth1.Australiaistheworld’sdriestcontinent.There’sgeneralagreementthatthecountryhastousewatermoreefficiently.Inmanypartssuppliesareincrisis.AtameetinginCanberra,theCouncilofAustralianGovernmentshasapprovedanationalwaterplan.Itattemptstobalanceenvironmentalconcernsandtheneedsofthecommunity.Theamountofwatertakenfromriversforcommercialuseistobecutandfarmerswillbecompensated.2.Thedisappearanceanddeformityofamphibianssuchasfrogsandsalamandersfromrainforestsandmountainlakesworldwidehasattractedwide-spreadscientificattentionoverthelastdecade.Nowanewstudysaysreptilespeciesincludingturtles,snakes,andalligatorsareinevengreatertrouble.Twiceasmanyreptilesasamphibians,orsome100species,arecurrentlylistedasendangeredbytheWorldConservationUnion.Thestudysayshabitatlossanddegradation,pollution,disease,climatechange,andover-collectionforfood,petsanddrugsarethemajorthreattoreptiles.3.FourregionalgovernorsfromColumbia,onavisittoWashington,havesharplycriticizedanAmerican-backedaerialoffensivetoeradicatethousandsofhectaresofillegalcokeandpoppyplantations.Atanewsconferencethegovernorscalledforadifferentapproachinthefightagainsttheillegaldrugstrade,sayingthattheherbicidescurrentlybeingusedwereharmfultopublichealthandtheenvironment.4.Muchattentionhasbeendevotedtothethreatenedanimalspecies.Butwhataboutplantswhicharethefundamentalbasesoflife?Oneineveryeightspeciesofplantsisthreatenedwithextinction.Sinceallfoodchainsbegininthesphereofplantlife,thisisbadnewsfortheanimalstoo,includinghumanswhodependonplantsnotonlyforfoodbutalsoformedicines,buildingmaterials,andothervitalpurposes.5.Anewlocaldirectoryfortheenvironmentally-awareisnowavailable,calledthe“BoulderCountyGreenPages.”TheRotaryClubsinBoulderCountygottogetherwithlocalrecyclingandenvironmentalspecialiststoputtogetherthisfirsteverdirectory.Itincludesquickreferencetogreenproductsandservicesforrecycling,xeriscaping,energyconservation,andmore.The$5costhelpsraisefundsforthesponsoringgroups.PartIINewsReportBTrainingfocus:NewssummaryReportA.catastrophe:

asuddeneventthatcausesverygreattroubleordestructioncatastrophic:灾难的;激变的

Geneva:日内瓦WorldMeteorologicalOrganization世界气象组织specializedagencyoftheUnitedNations;establishedin1951withheadquartersatGeneva.WMOaimsatpromotinginternationalcooperationbetweentheworld'smeteorologicalstations,standardizingmeteorologicalobservations,encouragingresearchandtraining,andextendingtheuseofmeteorologicalfindingstodifferentfields.WMOoperatesthroughtheWorldMeteorologicalCongress(whichmeetsatleasteveryfouryears)withdelegatesfromitsentiremembership,anexecutivecommittee,atechnicalcommission,asecretariat,andsixregionalmeteorologicalassociationsinAfrica,Asia,SouthAmerica,NorthandCentralAmerica,SWPacific,andEurope.Ithas185members.scarcity:whensomethingisnoteasytofindorobtain:lack缺乏；不足；稀少thescarcityofwater:watershortagecommodity:asubstanceorproductthatcanbetraded,boughtorsold:商品theinternationalcommoditiesmarketobligation:aconditionorinfluencethatmakesitnecessaryforsomeonetodosomething;dutysanitary:cleanandnotdangerousforthehealth清洁的,卫生的,保健的portable:

lightandsmallenoughtobeeasilycarriedormoved:

便于携带的;手提式的;轻便的aportableradio/telephone/computer

Listentothereportandcompletethenewssummary.Thisnewsreportisabout___________________________________.Itwillleadtocatastrophicconsequencesunless________________________________.ThesevereshortageofwaterinsomedevelopingnationsglobalsolutionsarefoundsoonListenagainandanswerthequestions:1.HowmanyexpertswillattendtheconferenceinGeneva?150.2.Whenwilltheconferencebegin?Monday.3.Whatwouldthesituationbelikeintheyear2025accordingtoArthurAskew?1billionpeoplecouldsufferfromascarcityofwater.4.Inwhichareascouldwatershortageproblemsmostprobablydevelop?MiddleEast,partsofAfrica,westernAsia,northeasternChina,westernandsouthernIndia,largepartsorPakistanandMexico,partsofthePacificcoastoftheUniteStatesandSouthAmerica.5.WhatisthemoralobligationputforwardbyArthurAskew?Totreatwaterasapreciousresource.6.Howmuchwaterdoesapersonneedadaytosurvive?5liters.7.Howmuchwaterdoesapersonneedadaytolivecomfortably?50liters.8.Howmuchwaterarepeopleinmanycountriesnowusingeachday?500liters.Tapescript:TheUNwaterexpertsarewarningthataseverewatershortagewillhavewhattheycallcatastrophicconsequencesinsomedevelopingnationsunlessglobalsolutionsarefoundsoon.OnehundredandfiftyexpertsaroundtheworldwilldiscussthewatersituationataconferencebeginningMondayinGeneva.AtopofficialfromtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationArthurAskewsaysthatbytheyear2025,almost1billionpeoplecouldbelivinginareassufferingfromascarcityofwater.Hesaysthenumbercoulddoublebythemiddleofthenextcentury.MrAskewsaysoneareawithseriouswaterproblemsistheMiddleEast.Buthesaysofficialsintheareaarealreadyworkingonwaystodealwiththesituation.ExpertssaywatershortageproblemsalsocoulddevelopinpartsofAfricaandwesternAsiaaswellasnortheasternChina,westernandsouthernIndia,largepartsofPakistanandMexico,andpartsofthePacificcoastoftheUnitedStatesandSouthAmerica.MrAskewsaysthere’samoralobligationtotreatwaterasapreciousresourceandaneedtorealizethatlargeamountsofwaterareusedoftenwastefullyinfoodproductionandmanufacturing.“Allcommoditieshaveusedwaterintheirproductionandyoumustbeawarethereforethatifyou’reimportingfoodfromonecountrytoanotheryouareinfactimportingpartofthewaterresourcesofthatcountry.”MrAskewalsosayswatershortagesleadtoaconflictbetweenruralandurbandemands.“Inmanyregionsoftheworld,thewatercrisisisnotcomingbecauseofhumanconsumptiondirectlyforpotablewater,fordrinking,orforsanitarypurposes,it’scomingforagriculture.Andingeneralabout80percentofthewater,whichisconsumed,i.e.,isextractedfromtheriversorfromundergroundresourcesandisnotreturned,isforagriculture.Andthere’sconsiderablepressurenowontheagriculturalsectorstoseeiftheycannotusethatwateroreefficiently.MrAskewsaysit’sestimatedthatapersonneedsabout5litersofwateradaytosurvive,andapersonneedsabout5litersofwateradaytosurvive,andapersonlivescomfortablywithabout50litersaday.Buthesayspeopleinmanycountriesareusing500litersofwatereachday.Hesayswaysmustbefoundtoreducesuchoverusebeforeit’stoolate.PartIIICityRecyclingTrainingfocus:landfill:aplacewhererubbishisburied

垃圾填埋;垃圾填埋地recyclable:abletoberecycledeligible:

havingthenecessaryqualitiesorfulfillingthenecessaryconditions:法律上合格的Youmightbeeligibleforagrant.curbside:theareanearwherearoadandtheraisedpathnexttoit靠近路缘的人行道部分,路边bustle:todothingsinahurriedandbusyway:

忙乱;奔忙Isatwatchinghousewivesbustleinandoutofthesupermarket.我坐着观看家庭主妇们匆匆地进出超级市场。mound:alargepileofsomething:一大堆amoundofpotatoes/paperscommingle:mix混合

assort:classify把...分类;把...分级head-on

：正面的bin：垃圾箱，大储藏箱forklike:像叉一样的garbage:rubbishspiral:螺旋形的东西conveybelt:传送带sorter:分类机bale:大包,大捆beverage:drink（除水以外的）饮料

fuzz:细毛;绒毛forklift：铲车,叉式升降机

CharlotteMecklenburg"RecycleNow"truck夏洛特梅克伦堡县“即时垃圾车”NorthCaroline:美国北卡罗来纳州AstateofthesoutheastUnitedStatesborderingontheAtlanticOcean.acenteroftobaccogrowingandprocessing.RaleighisthecapitalandCharlottethelargestcity.Population:8,540,000.北卡罗来纳州

Listentothereportandnumberthefollowingmajorpointsaccordingtotheorderyouhearthem.(

)a.TheworkattheFCRprocessingcenter()b.ThesuccessofCharlotte’srecyclingprogram.()c.WhathappenstotherecyclablesfromFCR()d.CatherineSmith’srecyclablegarbage1234

Answerthequestions:1.Howmanyhouseholdsareeligibletoparticipateintherecyclingprogram?2.WhataresomeoftheitemsthatCatherineSmithputintoherredrecyclingbin?3.WhathappensafterCatherineputsoutherbin?130,00080%PlasticglasstincansnewspapersRecycletruckpicksitup.4.Wheredoestherecyclablematerialgoafteritispickedup?5.HowoftenistheusedmaterialdroppedoffatthecenteroperatedbyFCR?6.WhatdoesPaulaHoffmandoattherecyclingcenter?Oneofcommunity’srecyclingcenters.Eachweekday.Conductstoursoftheplant.7.Ofallthematerialbroughttothecenter,howmuchisnewsprint?8.WhathappenstothesortedandprocessedrecyclablesatFCR?¾

Soldtoothercompaniesthatmakethemintodifferentproducts.9.Whatalwayshappenstotheusedfoodandbeveragecontainers?10.HowsuccessfulisCharlotte’srecyclingprogram?

Madeintonewcontainers.OneofthetopfiveintheU.S.A.TheUnitedStatesisrunningoutoflandfillspace,placestoputitstrash.Becauseofthat,morecommunitiesareencouragingtheirresidentstorecycle,tosetasidecertainmaterialsthatwon’tgotothelandfill.Oneareathat’smettherecyclingchallengehead-on,isthesoutheastCityofCharlotte,NorthCarolina.Injustafewyears,itsrecyclingprogramhasbecomeoneofthecountry’smostsuccessful.

CatherineSmithlivesinoneofthe130,000eligiblerecyclinghouseholdsinCharlotte,NorthCarolina.Nearly80percentofthehouseholdsparticipateintheprogram.Eachweek,Smithgoestoherfrontporchandfillsherredplasticbinwithrecyclables.“You’vegotanyplasticcontainersmarkedoneortwo.You’vegotanyglass.Theyalsorecycletincansandnewspapers.Soallofthatcangointhecurbsidepick-upbin.”

“Well,thisistheeasypart.Thensomeone,ah,drivingaCharlotteMecklenburg‘RecycleNow’truckcomesand,usually,atsomepoint—tomorroworFriday—andtheypickitupatcurbside.Andthat’sit.”

Fromthere,Smith’scans,bottles,andnewspapersaretakentooneofthecommunity’srecyclilngcenters.TheCityofCharlotteactuallycontractswithaprivatecompanytoprocesstherecyclabes.

ThisplantisoperatedbyacompanycalledFCR.TherecyclingtruckspullintoFCReachweekdaymorningtodropofftheusedmaterial.Inside,theprocessingcenteratFCRisbustlingwithactivity.Oneofthefirstthingsyounoticeinthe26,000-square-footfacilityisahugemoundofmaterialscalledthe“comminglearea.”Basically,it’sabigpileofassortedtrash.Thereareforkliftstransportinggarbage,andpeoplesortingthroughit.PaulaHoffmaniseducationcoordinatoratFCR.Sheconductstoursoftheplantformorethanonethousandpeopleamonth.

“Thealuminumcans,thenumberoneandnumbertwoplasticcontainers,thespiralcans,theglassbottlesandjarsareallmixedtogetherintoahugepile.And…wearereceivingabout100tonsaday,whichis200,000pounds,soyoucanimaginehowmanybottlesandcansareinthatpile.”

“Canwewalkaroundalittlebit?”

“Asyoucansee,thebottlesandcansareridinguptheconveyorbelt,andthey’llenduponasortingstation,wheretherearetwelveworkersthatwillhand-sortthebottlesandcansandothercontainer