陕西省专升本大学英语模拟题12

陕西省专升本大学英语模拟题12VocabularyandStructureDirections:Inthispart,thereare40incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.ontimeaccordingtotheinstruction,thesepillswillbequiteeffective.A.TakingB.BeingtakenC.TakenD.HavingtakenC［解析］句意：如果按照说明按时服用，这些药将会非常有效。非谓语动词题。分析句子结构，从句动作take:与句子主语thesepills存在动宾关系，因此要用过去分词形式，相当于一个状语从句。Themeetingwasputoffuntilnextweek,whichwasexactlywewanted.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itA［解析］句意：会议被推迟到下周，这也正是我们想要的。名词性从句题。本句考查关系代词what引导的表语从句做which引导的非限制性定语从句的表语，而且what在表语从句中做want的宾语。Mr.SmithleftforLondonthismorning.IhadthoughtheuntilnextMonday.A.isn'tgoingB.wasn'tgoingC.won'tgoingD.hasn'tgoneB［解析］句意：史密斯先生今早离开去伦敦了。我原本以为他不到下周一是不会去的。谓语动词的时态题。从句表示“我过去以为”的内容，所以其谓语动词应用过去将来时。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zDoingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrueitcomestoclassroomtests.A.whenB.whileC.asD.afterA［解析］句意：做家庭作业是提高测试成绩的一种有效方式，对课堂测试而言，尤其是这样。固定搭配题。本题考查whenitcomesto...结构。whenitcomesto…为固定用法，意为“涉及，关于，就而言”。Whattheysaidusmuchtothinkabout.A.haveleftB.hasleftC.toleaveD.leavingB［解析］句意：他们说的话让我们考虑了很多。谓语动词时态题。本句的主语是what引导的主语从句。当主语是what/whether/that等引导的从句时，谓语动词用单数。故选B。Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshisorsocialposition.A.significanceB.determinationC.curiosityD.statusD［解析］句意：一个人的衣着可能显示其身份和社会地位。词义辨析题。significance:意义，重要性；determination:决心；curiosity:好奇心;status:身份，地位。Insomecountries,trafficpolicecaninstantfinesonspeedingmotorists.A.compelB.imposeC.chargeD.forceB［解析］句意：在一些国家，交警可以对超速行驶者当即执行罚款。词义辨析题。compel:迫使；impose:罚（款），强制实行，常用结构imposesth.on/uponsth./sb.；charge:收费，要价，chargesb.forsth.；force:强迫，迫使，forcesb.todosth.o根据词义及搭配选B。Heisnotsuchapersonandhesuchathing.A.cannothavedoneB.mustnothavedoneC.shouldnothavedoneD.couldnothavedoneA［解析］句意：他不是那样一个人，不可能做那种事。情态动词用法题。“cannothave+动词的过去分词”结构表示对过去发生事情的否定推测，表示“不可能……”。故选AoIhavetomyvisitasI'llbeverybusynextweek.A.callforB.callonC.calloffD.callinsth.批评，指责。因此sth.批评，指责。因此B最符合题意sth.批评，指责。因此sth.批评，指责。因此B最符合题意［解析［解析］句意：我不得不取消我的参观计划，因为我下周将会很忙。短语词组辨析题。callfor:需要；callon:拜访；calloff:取消；callin:打电话来（工作单位等）。TheeducatorandscholarfromShanghai.A.comeB.comesC.hascomeD.havecomeB［解析］句意：这位教育家和学者来自上海。主谓一致题。两个名词由and连接，且只有一个限定词修饰时，它们常常表示同一概念。本句中两个名词educator和scholar只有一个限定词the修饰，表示同个人，所以谓语动词用单数，选B。如果两个名词分别有限定词修饰，它们则表示两个不同的概念，谓语动词用复数。例如：TheeducatorandthescholarcomefromShanghai.Afteryearsofhardwork,theseresearchershaveatlastdiscoveredanewtocancertreatment.A.approachB.methodC.channelD.routeA［解析］句意：经过多年的艰苦研究，这些研究者们终于找到了治疗癌症的新方法。词义辨析题。选项A意为“方法，途径”；选项B意为“方法，手段”，一般与介词of搭配使用；选项C意为“通道，渠道”选项D意为“路线”。根据句意，答案是A。IliketogetupearlysothatIcangetplentyofworkbeforelunch.A.todoB.doingC.doneD.beingdoneC［解析］句意：我喜欢早起，这样我就能在午饭前做完很多工作。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。have/get+sth.+过去分词表示“使某事被完成”。此结构中过去分词做宾语补足语，故选C。Tomtheshopkeeperwithovercharginghimforthearticleshehadbought.A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD.criticizedB［解析］句意：汤姆指控这个店主对于他在此买的商品多收了钱。固定搭配题。chargesb.withsth.:指控，指责；accusesb.ofsth.:指责，指控；blamesth.onsb.:把怪罪到某人头上；criticizesb.forTheideasoundsverygood,butwillitworkin?A.practiceB.placeC.advanceD.companyA［解析］句意：这个想法听起来不错，但是实际中行得通吗?固定搭配题。inpractice意为：在实践中，实际上。inplace:在适当的位置；inadvance:提前。因此A最符合题意。Hegotajobsothathecouldbeindependenthisparents.A.onB.inC.ofD.from［解析］句意：他找了一份工作，这样他就能不再依赖父母了。固定搭配题。beindependentof...意为：“独立于……之外，不受……支配”。因此C最符合题意。Wehadtowaitalongtimetogetourpassports,A.won'tweB.don'tweC.didn'tweD.shouldn'tyouC［解析］句意：我们必须要等很长时间才能拿到护照，不是吗?反意疑问句题。因为前面的句子是过去时，且为肯定，因此选C°Doyoufeelliketoday?A.havingsomethingeatenB.havingsomethingtoeatC.tohavesomethingeatenD.tohavesomethingtoeatB［解析］句意：你今天想吃点什么吗?固定搭配题。feellikedoingsth.意为：想要做某事。因此B为正确答案。havesomethingtoeat:吃点东西。It'svitalthatenoughmoneycollectedtogettheprojectstarted.A.isB.beC.mustbe•D.canbeB［解析］句意：要想启动这个项目必须募集足够的资金。虚拟语气题。It'svitalthat后面接主语从句时要用虚拟语气，从句谓语要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。因此B为正确答案。Weconsidertheinstrumentbeadjustedeachtimeitisused.A.thatitnecessaryB.itnecessarythatC.necessarythatD.necessaryofitthatB［解析］句意：我们认为每次在使用仪器的时候进行调试是非常必要的。本题测试含有形式宾语的句子结构。有些动词后面可以跟复合宾语，即当宾语较长时可以用it代替，把真正的宾语放在后面。正确的结构为“动词+it+形容词+真正的宾语”。因此B为正确答案。,wedecidedtoleaveatonce,aswedidn'twanttoriskmissingthebus.A.AsitbeingprettylateB.ItbeingprettylateC.ItwasbeingprettylateD.BeingprettylateB［解析］句意：天色已经很晚了，我们决定立刻离开，因为我们不想冒险误车。独立主格结构题。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为从句或独立主格结构。选项中只有B项是正确的独立主格结构。Georgecouldnothisfoolishmistake.A.accountinB.countonC.countforD.accountforD［解析］句意：乔治无法解释他犯的愚蠢错误。短语词组辨析题。accountfor意为“解释，说明”；counton意为“依靠，指望”。选项A和选项C为错误搭配。Wecameintothisfieldlate,sowemustworkhardtothelosttime.A.makeupforB.makeoutC.keepupwithD.putupwithA［解析］句意：我们最近才进入这个领域，所以我们必须努力工作弥补损失的时间。短语词组辨析题。makeupfor意为“弥补”；makeout意为“辨认出，弄明白”；keepupwith意为“跟上，赶上”；putupwith意为“忍耐，忍受”。23.Thenewlawwillcomeinto23.Thenewlawwillcomeintoonthedayitispassed.23.Thenewlawwillcomeinto23.Thenewlawwillcomeintoonthedayitispassed.A.effectB.useC.serviceD.existenceA［解析］句意：新法规将在它通过那天开始生效。固定搭配题。comeintoeffect为固定搭配，意为“生效，奏效，实施”；comeintouse:意为“开始被使用”；comeintoexistence意为“存在”，C项无此搭配0Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsofA.energyB.sourceC.powerD.materialA［解析］句意：许多国家都在加大使用天然气、风力及其他形式的能源。词义辨析题。energy意为“能源”；source意为“源泉，来源”；power意为“力量”；material意为“材料”。Weallknowthatspeaklouderthanwords.A.movementsB.performancesC.operationsD.actionsD［解析］句意：众所周知“事实胜于雄辩”。固定搭配题。」词义辨析词。Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.是固定搭配，意为“事实胜于雄辩”。movements意为“运动”；performances意为“履行”；operations意为“手术，运作”oPeterhasplannedtosomemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyausedcarnextyear.A.setasideB.setupC.setinD.setalongA［解析］句意：皮特计划每月留出一些钱以便明年能买辆二手车。短语词组辨析题。setaside意为“留出，拨出”；setup意为“建立，竖立”；setin意为“插入，开始”；setalong无此搭配。AlthoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookanyofwhatIsaid.A.attentionB.notice36.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe36.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthehimself.C.warningD.observationB［解析］句意：尽管我给他说了很多次，但他从不在意我说的话。固定搭配题。takenoticeof为固定搭配，意为“注意”；attention常与pay搭配，构成payattentionto短语，意为“注意”；warning意为“警告”；observation意为“观察”。Lyndandhundredsofyoungpeoplelikehimthepostofatypist.A.approachedB.appliedforC.appealedtoD.approvedofB［解析］句意：林德及像他一样的成百上千的年轻人申请这个打字员的职位。短语词组辨析题。approach意为“接近”；applyfor意为“申请”；appealto意为“呼吁，恳求”；approveof意为“同意”。Thesoldierwaswithneglectinghisduty.A.chargedB.conductedC.changedD.committedA［解析］句意：这个士兵被指控玩忽职守。固定搭配题。bechargedwith意为“被指控做……”，是常用固定搭配；conduct意为“引导”；change意为“变化，改变”；commit意为“犯（错误，罪等）”。Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface.A.appearanceB.sightC.expressionD.explanationC［解析］句意：我从他脸上的表情就可以看出他很吃惊。词义辨析题。appearance意为“外观，外表”；sight意为“视力，视觉”；expression意为“表情，神色”；explanation意为“解释，说明”。nobodywasveryenthusiasticaboutit,theydecidedtocancelthetrip.A.SeenthatB.SeeingthatC.ToseeD.WhenB［解析］句意：因为没人对这次旅行有太大的热情，他们决定取消这次旅行。状语从句题。选项中只有seeingthat可以引导原因状语从句，意为“鉴于，由于，因为”。Afireduringthenightandalargenumberofhousestoashes.A.brokeout;wereburntB.wasbrokeout;wereburntC.brokeout;burntD.setout;wereburnedA［解析］句意：夜里发生了一场火灾，很多房屋都被烧成了灰烬。动词时态和语态题。breakout（爆发）是不及物短语动词，不能用被动语态，因此B不正确；房子被烧成灰烬应用被动语态，并且前后时态要一致，故应用过去时态。setout意为“动身，出发”，与题意不符。Helooksas讦henothingaboutthenews.A.wouldknowB.wouldhaveknownC.knewD.shouldknow［解析］句意：他看起来好像不知道这个消息。虚拟语气题。as讦：好像是（其实不是），它可以引导虚拟条件句，当表示与现在的事实相反时，as讦后的动词应用过去式。如果表示与过去事实相反，as讦后的动词则用过去完成时态。本句表示的是与现在事实相反，所以谓语动词用knew。ManycitiesinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStateshavedifficultytrafficflowingwhenitsnows.A.keptB.keepingC.tokeepD.inbeingkeptB［解析］句意：美国南部的许多城市在下雪天都很难保持交通顺畅。固定搭配题。havedifficultyindoingsth.为一固定表达，意为“做某事是困难的”，in可以省略，所以A，C都不正确；这里是说下雪时人们很难保持交通通畅，是主动而不是被动，所以选B。Hefailedthetestmanytimes.,hedidn'tstoptrying.A.ButB.SoC.AlthoughD.HoweverD［解析］句意：他在考试中失败了很多次，然而他没有停止努力。词义辨析题。but:但是；so:因—此；although:尽管；however:然而、但是。这里but和however都符合句意，但but后一般不用逗号，而however后要用逗号。A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjureA［解析］句意：那个疯子被关进了软壁牢房以免他伤害到自己。虚拟语气题。lest（以免）后跟从句要用虚拟语气，故谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。Ifthehorsewinstomorrow,hetwentyracesinthepastthreeyears.A.willwinB.willhavewonC.wouldhavewonD.haswonB［解析］句意：如果那匹马明天赢的话，在过去的三年中他将已经赢了20场比赛了。状语从句题。条件状语从句中点明了时间是明天，含有“到明天为止”的意思，故主句应用将来完成时。故选B。Themonumentwasconstructedinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelievedtheriver.A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscoveredC.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscoveredA［解析］句意：建这座纪念碑是用来纪念那位探险家的，据说他曾经发现了那条河。非谓语动词题。bebelievedtodosth.意为“据说做了某事”，而“发现河”是已完成的事，故用完成时。故选A。Shebegantosomethingbutstoppedwhensheheardtheteacher.A.tell;sayingB.speak;talkingC.say;speakingD.talk;telling［解析］句意：她开始说些什么，但当听到老师讲话就停止了。词义辨析和固定用法题。say为及物动词，宾语通常为事情，强调说话的内容；speak做及物动词时，宾语一般是某种语言，另外，它也常做不及物动词，着重讲话这一动作本身。tell表示“告诉”，是及物动词；talk强调双方“交谈”，一般用作不及物动词。YoucanhardlyimagineBellameal.A.tobecookingB.cookingC.tocookD.cookB［解析］句意：你几乎不能想象贝尔做饭（的样子）。固定搭配题。固定句型imaginesb.doingsth.:想象某人做某事。imagine后面要跟动词的-ing形式。故选B。II.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthispartthereare4passages.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneWhatisexactlyalie?Isitanythingwesaywhichweknowisuntrue?Orisitsomethingmorethanthat?Forexample,supposeafriendwantstoborrowsomemoneyfromyou,yousay:"IwishIcouldhelpyoubutI'mshortofmoneymyself."Infact,youarenotshortofmoneybutyourfriendisinthehabitofnotpayinghisdebtsandyoudon'twanttohurthisfeelingsbyremindinghimofthis.Isthisreallyalie?Ascientificstudyoflyingshowswomenarebetterliars（说谎者）thanmen,particularlywhentellinga"whitelie",suchaswhenawomanatapartytellsanotherwomanthatshelikesherdresswhenshereallythinksitlooksterrible.However,thisisonlyonesideofthestory.Otherresearchesshowthatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies,suchasmakingapromisewhichtheyhavenointentionoffulfilling.Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat:theliefromwhichthemanhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.Researchhasalsobeendoneintothewaypeople'sbehaviorchangesinanumberofsmall,unimportantwayswhentheylie.Ithasbeenfoundthatiftheyaresittingdownatthesametime,heytendtomoveaboutintheirchairsmorethanusual.Tothetrainedobservertheyaresaying,"IwishIweresomewhereelsenow."Thispassagetellsusthattellingliesis.A.oftennecessaryinordertoavoidbeingdefeatedB.quitebadbecausepeopleoughttobehonestC.sometimesnecessaryinordernottohurtothers'feelingsD.usuallybad讦youaretalkingwithagoodfriendC［解析］推理判断题。由文章第一段中举的朋友借钱的例子可知，有时候我们说谎是为了不伤害他人的感情而必需的行为，是善意的。故选C。Thewritersaysthatwomenarebetterliarsthanmenbecause.A.theirliesareeasiertobeacceptedbymenB.menarenotasskillfulaswomenintellingliesC.theyoftenhaveagoodintentionintellingliesD.womentellfewerliesthanmendoC［解析］推理判断题。由文章第一段内容可知，女性说的谎多是“whitelie”（善意的谎言），不像男人总是做无意去兑现的承诺。由此可推出应该选C°A"whitelie"meansaliethatA.istoldwithagoodintentionB.isquiteunbelievableC.isalmosttruetothefactD.oftenhasabadpurposeA［解析］词语理解题。由文章第一段第五句所举的例子可知，whitelie是“善意的谎言”。故选A。PoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeskilledattellingliesthatA.willallowthemtogainsomebenefitsB.seemtobestrangebutinterestingC.canmakewomenbelievetobetrueD.maykeepbetterrelationswithothersA［解析］事实细节题。由文章第一段最后一句话“Thisisthekindoflie...theliefromwhichthemanhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.”可知，政客和商人善于能从中得利的说谎。Itcanbeconcludedfrompassagethat.A.thereisasimplewayoffindingout讦someoneislyingB.people'sbehaviorssometimescantellustheyarelyingC.peopleoftenrepeatwhattheyaresayingwhentellingalieD.insomesituationswomenaremostlikelytotellalieB［解析］推理判断题。由文中第二段内容可知人们在说谎时会伴随有一些小的、不易觉察的行为变化。这些变化能揭露出他们在说谎。故选B。PassageTwoEconomicsisthestudyofhowsocietieswithlimitedresourcesdecidewhattoproduce,howtoproduceandforwhomtoproduce.What,how,andforwhomtoproduceareproblemsallovertheworldbecausehumanwantsarepracticallyunlimited,butallsocietieshaveonlylimitedquantitiesofresourcesthatcanbeusedtoproducegoodsorservices.Aknowledgeofbasiceconomiesisimportantforunderstandingboththeproblemsandopportunitiesthatwillfacetheworldeconomyinthe21stcentury.Asastudentofeconomics,onewillhavethechancetodiscoverhowcommerce,governmentpolicies,andday-to-daydecisionsmadebyconsumersaffecthislivingstandards.ThestudyofeconomicscanhelphimunderstandtheinfluenceofsucheventsasthemovetofreemarketsinPolandandRussia,orofupsanddownsininterestrateandtheforeignexchangerate.Economicsisinfluencedbydevelopmentsinthemanydifferentareasofbusiness,politics,science,nature,religionandhistory.Andwhetherornotoneisawareofit,economicsisanimportantpartofhislife.Fromapracticalpointofview,one'sstudyofeconomicswillhelpimprovehisdecision-makingskills.Helearnsalogicalwaytocomparedifferentcoursesofaction.Ashestudiestheconceptofopportunitycost,forinstance,hewilldiscoverthateverychoicehemakeshasbothabenefitandacost.Supposesomeonedecidestogetaparttimejobsohecanearnenoughmoneytobuyacar.Hewillhavethebenefitofowningthecar,buthewillpayacostintermsoftheleisurehourshegivesupforworkingsoastopayforthecarandkeepitingoodcondition.Afterweighinghischoiceincostbenefitterms,hemaydecidehedoesnotneedacaranymore.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisstudiedto.A.getmoreresourcesforhumanbeingsB.puthumanwantsundersomecontrolC.satisfytheunlimitedhumanwantswiththelimitedresourcesD.producebettergoodsandservicesforallhumanbeings后都是说明经济学之所以重要的理由，因此第二段的主题就是B后都是说明经济学之所以重要的理由，因此第二段的主题就是B（了解经济学的重要性）［解析］推理判断题。文章第一段第一句指出经济学是研究“howsocietieswithlimitedresourcesdecidewhattoproduce,howtoproduceandforwhomtoproduce”的，第一句又扌旨出“humanwantsarepracticallyunlimited”。因此推断出选项C正确。WhichofthefollowingmayNOThavemuchinfluenceoneconomics?A.Aparticularreligiousbelief.B.Afirm'sdecisions.C.Weatherconditions.D.Thestudyofliterature.D［解析］事实细节题。第一段倒数第一句指出“Economicsisinfluencedbydevelopmentsinthemanydifferentareasofbusiness,politics,sciences,nature,religionandhistory”。其中religion,business禾口nature隐含了A，B和C各项内容，D没有包括在内。EconomicscanhelponemakebetterdecisionsbecausehelearnsA.howtoweighthecostandthebenefitB.allthepracticaleconomictheoriesC.somethingusefulaboutbusinessD.alogicalwayofthinkingA［解析］推理判断题。第二段第一句指出“one'sstudyofeconomicswillhelpimprovehisdecision-makingskills”，然后以购买汽车为例说明decision-making是一个权衡利益与成本的过程，由此可推断应选A。Whydoesthepersonhavetogiveupleisurehoursifhewantstoownaprivatecar?A.Becausehehastospendsometimeinthecar.B.Becausehehastoworkextrahourstogetthemoney.C.Becauseheisbusyworkingforhisboss.D.Becausekeepingacaringoodconditiontakesalotoftime.B［解析］推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“Supposesomeonedecidestogetapart-timejobSohecanearnenoughmoneytobuyacar.”可推出放弃休息时间是为了多做工作来挣钱买车，故选B。Whatisthecentraltopicofthesecondparagraph?A.Influencesofeconomics.B.Importanceofknowingeconomics.C.Applicationsofeconomics.D.Scopeofeconomicstudies.B［解析］主旨大意题。第一段的主题句是第一句“Aknowledgeofbasiceconomicsisimportantforunderstandingboththeproblemsandopportunitiesthatwillfacetheworldeconomyinthe21stcentury”之passageThreeIOn-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivity（生产力）problem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone'sproductivity,ithas,infact,beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoProfessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealthexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecondhandtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation（刺激）,coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreakroomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjected（遭受）totherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat.A.anemployersmokeswhileworkingintheofficeB.ataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecarC.aworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshopD.aworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrainD［解析］推理判断题。本题题干的意思为：下列哪个选项所表示的不是工作岗位上的抽烟。D项意为“一个工人在火车上读书时的抽烟”，显然不是在上班时抽烟，故为正确选项。用排除法也可知正确答案为D。Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee'sperformanceintheofficeinthatA.hecan'tconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmokingB.heoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-roomC.heoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmokingD.hetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritationB［解析］推理判断题。由文中第一段最后一句“absenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems...”可知抽烟的人经常去休息室抽烟，这必然会影响其工作时的表现，故正确答案为B。Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit.A.reducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegreeB.doesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompanyC.affectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokersD.makesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepollutedA［解析］推理判断题。由文章开篇第一句中“manymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivityproblem”以下下面一句中“...beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smokeF'可知工作时吸烟会造成生产问题，并增加人力成本，因此一定程度上会降低公司生产力，故正确选项为A。Passivesmokingmeans.A.never-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillinglyB.never-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokersC.never-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigaretteD.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokersC［解析］推理判断题。由第一段中“Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecondhandtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.'—句中可知“Passivesmoking'重在强调暴露在烟雾中，由此可推断C为正确选项。Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanning（禁止）on-the-jobsmokingsoastoA.cutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsuranceB.createahealthyandsafeworkingenvironmentC.preventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblemD.improvethesmokingemployeesworkefficiencyB［解析］推理判断题。整个第一段都在说明吸烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者所带来的身体上的危害，最后一句还提到不吸烟的工作，人员不应承担被动吸烟的风险并应有安全的工作环境，所以正确答案为B。PassageFourTelevisionhaschangedthelifestyleofpeopleineveryindustrializedcountryintheworld.IntheUnitedStates,wheresociologistshavestudiedtheeffects,someinterestingobservationshavebeenmade.Television,althoughnotessential,hasbecomeanimportantpartofmostpeople'slives.Italterspeople'swaysofseeingtheworld;inmanyways,itsupportsandsustainsmodernlife.Televisionhasbecomeababysitter,anintroducerofconversations,themajortransmitterofculture,akeeperoftradition.YetwhenwhatcanbeseenonTVinonedayiscriticallyanalyzed,itbecomesevidentthattelevisionisnotateacherbutasustainer:thepoorqualityofprogrammingdoesnotelevate（提高）peopleintogreaterunderstanding,butrathermaintainsandencouragesthelifeasitexists.TheprimaryreasonforthelackofqualityinAmericantelevisionisrelatedtoboththehistoryofTVprogrammingdevelopmentandtheeconomicsofTV.TelevisioninAmericabeganwiththeradio.Radiocompaniesandtheirsponsorsfirstexperimentedwithtelevision.Therefore,thecloserelationshipwhichtheadvertisershadwithradioprogramsbecamethesystemforAmericanTV.Sponsorsnotonlypaidmoneyfortimewithinprograms,butmanyactuallyproducedtheprograms.Thus,inAmericansociety,televisionisprimarilyconcernedwithreflectingandattractingsocietyratherthanexperimentingwithnewideas.Advertiserswanttoattractthelargestviewingaudiencepossible,todosorequiresthattheprogramsbeentertainingratherthaneducational,attractiveratherthanchallenging.TelevisioninAmericatodayremains,toalargeextent,withthesameorganizationandstandardsasithadthirtyyearsago.Thehopeforfurtherdevelopmentandtrueachievementtowardimprovingsocietywillrequireachangeintheentiresystem.AccordingtotheauthorAmericantelevisionispoorinqualitybecause..5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsAmericantelevisionis5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsAmericantelevisionisA.advertisersareinterestedinexperimentingwithnewideasB.itisstillatanearlystageofdevelopment,comparedwiththeradioC.theprogramshavetobedevelopedintheinterestsofthesponsorsforeconomicreasonsD.itiscontrolledbyradiocompaniesC［解析］事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“TheprimaryreasonforthelackofqualityinAmericantelevisionisrelatedtoboththehistoryofTVprogrammingdevelopmentandtheeconomicsofTV”可知，经济因素是导致电视节目质量差的原因之一。此句中“isrelatedtotheeconomicsofTV”与选项C中“foreconomicreasons”是同义替换。故选C。Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.-A.TVasthesustainerofAmericanlifeB.TVasthemajortransmitterofcultureC.theeducationaleffectofTVonsocietyD.thestronginfluenceandthepoorqualityofAmericanTVD［解析］主旨大意题。由第二段第一句话和最后一句话可知本段主要介绍了电视在人们生活中所起的重要作用以及电视节目的质量问题。故选D。Intheauthor'sviewAmericanTVshould.A.becriticalbutentertainingB.beeducationalandcreativeC.changewiththedevelopmentofsocietyD.attractasmanyviewersaspossibleB［解析］推理判断题。从文章第二段的末尾“Advertiserswanttoattractthelargestviewingaudiencepossible,todoSOrequiresthattheprogramsbeentertainingratherthaneducational,attractiveratherthanchallenging."可以推断出作者的态度，作者认为广告主只是想吸弓大多数观众，为了达到他们的目的就要求节目更多地表现为娱乐性而不是教育性，吸弓性而不是挑战性。作者显然是不同意这种做法的，他的态度是想让广告更具教育性和创新性。TheauthorbelievesthattelevisionintheUnitedStateshasbecomeimportanttomostpeoplebecauseA.itpromotesfamilyunityB.ithelpsthemdeveloptheirspeakingabilityC.itaffectstheirlifeinmanywaysD.itchallengessocietyC［解析］事实细节题。从第一段前两句“Television,althoughnotessential,hasbecomeanimportantpartofmostpeople'slives.Italterspeople'swaysofseeingtheworld;inmanyways,itsupportsandsustainsmodernlife.”可知应选C。A.criticalB.praisingC.doubtfulD.sympatheticA［解析］观点态度题。从全文来看，作者首先讲了电视在人们生活中的重要作用’但更着重介绍了美国电视节目存在的问题，而文章中最后一句话“Thehopeforfurtherdevelopmentandtrueachievementtowardimprovingsocietywillrequireachangeintheentiresystem.”也表明了作者态度。故选A。III.ClozeTestDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblank,thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.WhatdowemeanbyaperfectEnglishpronunciation?Inone1thereareasmanydifferentkindsofEnglishastherearespeakersofit.2twospeakersspeakinexactlythesame3.Wecanalwaysheardifferences4them,andthepronunciationofEnglish5agreatdealindifferentgeographical6.HowdowedecidewhatsortofEnglishtouseasa7?Thisisnotaquestionthatcanbe8inthesamewayforallforeignlearnersofEnglish.9youliveinapartoftheworld10India,wherethereisalong11ofspeakingEnglishforgeneralcommunicationpurpose,youshouldselectto12agoodvarietyofthepronunciationofthisarea.Itwouldbemistakeinthese13touseasamodelBBCEnglishor14ofthesort.Ontheotherhand,讦youliveinacountry15thereisnotraditional16ofEnglish,youmusttakeasyourmodelsomeformsof17Englishpronunciation.Itdoesnot18verymuchwhichformyouchoose.Themost19wayistotakeasyourmodelthesortofEnglishyoucan_20mostoften.IA.meaningB.caseC.senseD.situation［解析］词语搭配题。本句意思是：从某种意义上讲，有多少英语使用者就有多少种不同的英语。本题考查的是固定搭配“inonesense（从某种意义上来说）”的用法。2.A.NotB.NoneC.NorD.NoD［解析］语法结构题。no做限定词常位于名词前，用来否定这个名词。not是副词，常构成动词的否定形式。none也表示否定，但只适用于三者或三者以上，常与of短语连用。nor常与neither连用表示“不……也不……”，连接任意两个并列的成分，单独使用时否定两个独立句子中的第二个。根据句意此处应选D。A.wayB.formC.sortD.typeA［解析］词语搭配题。此句意思是：没有两个人说英语的方式完全一样。inthesameway是固定搭配，意为“以同样的方式”，符合题意。B-form:形式，C-sort:种类，D-type:类型。4.A.ofB.amongC.betweenD.fromC［解析］词语搭配题。difference后面一般跟between来表示两者之间的不同。5.A.variesB.changesC.shiftsD.altersA［解析］词义辨析题。本句的意思是：英语的发音因地域的不同有巨大的差异。vary指不断地变化，由于变化而产生一系列的差别，符合题意。change可以指任何变化，常用来指根本的或完全的变化。shift指细微的变化或位置的移动。alter只意味着局部或表面的变化，而没有变成另一类事物。6.A.spacesB.partsC.countriesD.areasD［解析］词义辨析题。“geographicalareas”指地域，其他几项不符合题意。7.A.guideB.modelC.symbolD.directionB［解析］词义辨析题。本句的意思是：_我们如何决定使用哪种英语作为标准呢?model指典范或标准；guide:向导，指导；symbol:标志；direction:方向。根据句意及下文提示可知应选B。8.A.givenB.answeredC.satisfiedD.respondedB［解析］词语搭配题。本题考查的是固定搭配“answeraquestion”。9.A.BecauseB.WhenC.WhetherD.IfD［解析］语法结构题。本句的意思是：假如你生活在诸如印度这样有着以普通交流为目的而使用英语的悠久传统的地区，你就应该掌握这个地区的多种发音。引导条件状语从句应使用连词讦。10.A.onB.inC.asD.near［解析］逻辑推理题。如上题句意分析，此处以印度为例，应选择as：像，如同。11.A.traditionB.useC.customD.habitA［解析］词义辨析题。“alongtradition，指“悠久的传统”。use:使用；custom:风俗；habit:习惯。12.A.seizeB.acquireC.haveD.holdB［解析］词义辨析题。acquire强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐习得、掌握某种知识或技能，符合题意握某种知识或技能，符合题意13.A.actionsB.decisionsCombinationsD.circumstancesD［解析］词义辨析题。本句意思是：在这些情况下，以BBC英语或任何类似的英语作为标准是错误的。短语inthesecircumstances（在这些情况下）符合句意。14.A.everythingB.nothingC.thingsD.anythingD［解析］逻辑推理题。据上题分析，anythingofthesort指“任何类似的英语”。15.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whereverC［解析］语法结构题。根据表示地点的先行词country可知要用关系副词where引导定语从句。16.A.useB.usedC.usefulD.usefulnessA［解析］词义辨析题。本句意思是：另一方面，如果你生活在没有使用英语传统的国家，就必须采用实用的英语发音为标准。此处位于形容词之后，所以应该填名词，use可做名词，指“使用”，符合题意。used指“使用过的”；useful:有用的；usefulness:有用性。17.A.domesticB.practicalC.nationalD.newB［解析］词义辨析题。domestic:国内的；national:全国的；new:新的，三项均不合题意。结合下文，可判断practical实用的）才是正确选择。18.A.matterB.affectC.troubleD.careA［解析］词义辨析题。本句意思是：选择何种形式的发音并不十分要紧。affect，trouble为及物动词，care意为“关心”，均不合题意。matter为不及物动词，意为“有关系，要紧”，通常用于否定句和疑问句，一般以it做主语。19.A.ordinaryB.sensitiveC.effectiveD.carefulC［解析］词义辨析题。本句意思是：最有效的方式是选择你最常听到的英语发音方式作为标准。因为本文主要讲的是掌握英语发音方式的问题，所以按逻辑判断，effective（有效的）符合题意。ordinary:平常的，普通的；sensitive:敏感的；careful:细心的。根据上下文判断，只有C项适合。20.A.listenB.findC.noticeD.hearD［解析］逻辑推理题。按逻辑分析，发音方式是“听到”的，且hear为及物动词，强调听的结果，符合题意。listento为动词短语，强调听的过程。IV.TranslationDirections:Inthispart,thereisonepassageinEnglish.ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslateitintoChinese.1.Whiletravelingaroundwithabusysightseeingschedule,touristsmaysufferfromdifferentkindsofillnesses.Theymaygettootiredorhaveheat-strokeiftheweatheristoohot.Theymaygethurtincertainactivitiessuchasbungeejumpingandmountainclimbing.Sometouristsmayhaveskinproblemscausedbycertainkindsofplants,insects,orfromeatingseafood.Othertouristsmayhavestomachtroubleiftheyarenotacclimatizedtolocalwaterandfood.Air-sickness,car-sicknessorsea-sicknessisalsoaproblemforsometravelers.Clearly,itisnecessarytopackasmallfirst-aidkitwithyouifyougotraveling.Thekitshouldcontainnecessarymedicine,suncream,insect,sprayandsomeband-aid.Inadditiontothat,loose-fittingclothing,longdresses,longtrousersandlong-sleevedshirtfastenedattheendareneededwhentravelinglongdistancesoutdoors.Remember,someinsectscanbitethroughclothingifitliescloselyagainsttheskin.Andsomein