血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌培训课件

血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血流动力学监测增加患者病死率ConnorsAFJr,SperoffT,DawsonNV,ThomasC,HarrelFEJr,WagnerD,DesbjensN,GoldmanL,WuAW,CaliffRM,FulkersonWJJr,VidailletH,BrosteS,BellamyP,LynnJ,KnausWA.Theeffectivenessofrightheartcatheterizationintheinitialcareofcriticallyillpatients.SUPPORTInvestigators.JAMA1996;276(11):889-8972血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血流动力学监测为何不能改善预后不恰当的适应症PAC的副作用或并发症获得数据的方法不正确仪器定标错误,或传感器位置错误获得的数据不能反映血流动力学状态错误使用数据(对数据的解读错误)作出治疗决定前未考虑其他相关因素CXR,尿量,血清白蛋白采用的治疗措施无效或有害无需血流动力学监测时未及时拔除PAC3血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PAC的使用减少:Illinois,USA2000年2001年降低%出院患者数1,636,0461,684,089PAC使用数5,9695,02215.8PAC使用率(/1000)3.652.98年龄0–17岁2195765–74岁1,7391,37521>75岁1,9171,62015.5性别男性3,4922,97015女性2,4732,05217AppavuS,CowenJ,BunyerM.Theuseofpulmonaryarterycatheterizationhasdeclined.CriticalCare2005;9(Suppl1):P69(DOI10.1186/cc3132)4血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PAC的使用减少:Illinois,USA2000年2001年降低%医院大医院87369620其他医院5,0924,32615地区Chicago39.4Rockford40St.Louis33.6中部15AppavuS,CowenJ,BunyerM.Theuseofpulmonaryarterycatheterizationhasdeclined.CriticalCare2005;9(Suppl1):P69(DOI10.1186/cc3132)5血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床评价vs.血流动力学目的:评价肺动脉导管(PAC)得到的血流动力学指标是否能够改变患者的治疗设计:前瞻性观察患者:103例留置PAC的患者方法:插管前,请医生对一些血流动力学指标的范围,诊断及治疗方案进行预测插管后,复习患者病例,记录插管时及置管8小时内的血流动力学EisenbergPR,JaffeAS,SchusterDP.Clinicalevaluationcomparedtopulmonaryarterycatheterizationinthehemodynamicassessmentofcriticallyillpatients.CritCareMed1984;12(7):549-5536血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床评价vs.血流动力学EisenbergPR,JaffeAS,SchusterDP.Clinicalevaluationcomparedtopulmonaryarterycatheterizationinthehemodynamicassessmentofcriticallyillpatients.CritCareMed1984;12(7):549-5537血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床评价vs.血流动力学结 果留置PAC后计划治疗方案需要改变 58%应用未预计到的治疗方案 30%EisenbergPR,JaffeAS,SchusterDP.Clinicalevaluationcomparedtopulmonaryarterycatheterizationinthehemodynamicassessmentofcriticallyillpatients.CritCareMed1984;12(7):549-5538血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床评价vs.血流动力学结 论单纯根据临床表现难以准确预测血流动力学指标PAC监测数据通常能够改变治疗方案EisenbergPR,JaffeAS,SchusterDP.Clinicalevaluationcomparedtopulmonaryarterycatheterizationinthehemodynamicassessmentofcriticallyillpatients.CritCareMed1984;12(7):549-5539血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血流动力学数据的解释临床场景(n=44)心脏外科术后 16ARDS 9全身性感染 9心源性休克 5其他情况 5SquaraP,FourquetE,JacquetL,BroccardA,UhligT,RhodesA,BakkerJ,PerretC.Acomputerprogramforinterpretingpulmonaryarterycatheterizationdata:resultsoftheEuropeanHEMODYNresidentstudy.IntensiveCareMed2003;29:735-74110血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血流动力学数据的解释不同意见数目Kappa计算机辅助诊治前住院医生与计算机5.72.20.640.14*计算机辅助诊治后住院医生与计算机1.92.00.880.12住院医生与主治医生1.21.70.920.10主治医生与计算机0.91.20.950.07*p<0.05SquaraP,FourquetE,JacquetL,BroccardA,UhligT,RhodesA,BakkerJ,PerretC.Acomputerprogramforinterpretingpulmonaryarterycatheterizationdata:resultsoftheEuropeanHEMODYNresidentstudy.IntensiveCareMed2003;29:735-74111血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血流动力学数据的解释计算机辅助前计算机辅助后RCRCRSSC酸碱失衡0.830.930.950.98机械通气0.780.950.960.98代谢0.520.860.900.96充盈状态0.560.840.910.93泵功能0.530.840.900.90循环0.720.910.940.96RC:住院医生与计算机;RS:住院医生与主治医生;SC:主治医生与计算机SquaraP,FourquetE,JacquetL,BroccardA,UhligT,RhodesA,BakkerJ,PerretC.Acomputerprogramforinterpretingpulmonaryarterycatheterizationdata:resultsoftheEuropeanHEMODYNresidentstudy.IntensiveCareMed2003;29:735-74112血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血流动力学参数改变治疗决定SquaraP,BennettD,PerretC.Pulmonaryarterycatheter:doestheproblemlieintheusers?Chest2002;121:2009-201513血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ICU患者的输液治疗输液治疗的决定因素临床经验中心静脉压或肺动脉楔压BoldtJ,LenzM,KumleB,PapsdorfM.Volumereplacementstrategiesonintensivecareunits:resultsfromapostalsurvey.IntensiveCareMed1998;24:147-15114血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床判断缺乏准确性:PAWP01015191915100预计PAWP(mmHg)测定PAWP(mmHg)EisenbergPL,JaffeAS,SchusterDP.Clinicalevaluationcomparedtopulmonaryarterycatheterizationinthehemodynamicassessmentofcriticallyillpatients.CritCareMed1984;12(7):549-553NochangeinplannedtherapyaftercatheterizationChangeinplannedtherapyaftercatheterization15血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌0临床判断缺乏准确性:CO04.57.0预计CO(L/min)测定CO(L/min)EisenbergPL,JaffeAS,SchusterDP.Clinicalevaluationcomparedtopulmonaryarterycatheterizationinthehemodynamicassessmentofcriticallyillpatients.CritCareMed1984;12(7):549-5534.57.016血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床判断缺乏准确性EisenbergPL,JaffeAS,SchusterDP.Clinicalevaluationcomparedtopulmonaryarterycatheterizationinthehemodynamicassessmentofcriticallyillpatients.CritCareMed1984;12(7):549-553参数判断正确数目/测定数目正确率(%)PAWP31/10230CO49/9751SVR39/8844RAP54/985517血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌Howgoodareourclinicalskills?CardiacoutputWedgepressureConnors(NEJM‘83)ICUpts44%

42%Eisenberg(CCM‘84)ICUpts50%33%Bayliss(BMJ‘83)CCUpts71%62%18血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床判断缺乏准确性ClinicalevaluationcomparedtopulmonaryarterycatheterizationinthehemodynamicassessmentofcriticallyillpatientsEisenbergPR,etal.CritCareMed1984;12:349Assessinghemodynamicstatusincriticallyillpatients:Dophysiciansuseclinicalinformationoptimally?ConnorsAF,etal.JCritCare1987;2:174TherapeuticimpactofPACintheICUSteingrub,etal.Chest1991;99:1451PACincriticallyillpatients:Aprospectiveanalysisofoutcomechangesassociatedwithcatheter-promptedchangesintherapyMimozOetal.CritCareMed1994;22:573Hemodynamicandpulmonaryfluidstatusinthetraumapatient:areweslipping?VealeWNJr,etal.AmSurg.2005;71:62119血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床判断缺乏准确性医生常常相信自己的判断,但自信与准确性之间并无相关性与经验较少的医生相比,尽管有经验的医生更为自信,但他们的判断并不准确医生不应盲目根据自己对心脏功能的判断,作为治疗决策的依据DawsonNVetal.Hemodynamicassessmentinmanagingthecriticallyill:isphysicianconfidencewarranted?MedDecisMaking1993;13:258-26620血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床判断血流动力学的准确性ClinicalSettingAccurateAssessment,%UnanticipatedChangesinTherapyBasedonPAC,%Connors,etal62noncardiacmedicalintensivecarepatients4848Eisenberg,etal103criticallyillpatients5030TuchschmidtandSharma35noncardiacmedicalintensivecarepatients<4265Steingrub,etal154combinedmedical/surgicalintensivecarepatients<5147Connors,etalCardiacandnoncardiacmedicalintensivecare<664721血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌临床重要的血流动力学参数所有医生(n=417)心内科医生(n=27)CO330(79%)21(75%)PAWP285(68%)27(100%)SvO2220(53%)10(38%)MPAP120(37%)10(38%)SV100(24%)3(13%)RAP20(5%)RVEF20(5%)RVEDV18(4%)SquaraP,BennettD,PerretC.Pulmonaryarterycatheter:doestheproblemlieintheusers?Chest2002;121:2009-201522血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌心脏手术后患者的血流动力学监测问卷调查(39个问题)血流动力学监测容量替代正性肌力药物/升压药物输血德国的80个ICU主任问卷回收率69%KastrupM,MarkewitzA,SpiesC,CarlM,ErbJ,GroßeJ,SchirmerU.Currentpracticeofhemodynamicmonitoringandvasopressorandinotropictherapyinpost-operativecardiacsurgerypatientsinGermany:resultsfromapostalsurvey.ActaAnaesthesiologicaScandinavica2007;51(3):347-358.23血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌心脏手术后患者的血流动力学监测血流动力学监测比例(%)基本监测100肺动脉导管(PAC)58.2经食道超声(TEE)38.1PICCO13.0KastrupM,MarkewitzA,SpiesC,CarlM,ErbJ,GroßeJ,SchirmerU.Currentpracticeofhemodynamicmonitoringandvasopressorandinotropictherapyinpost-operativecardiacsurgerypatientsinGermany:resultsfromapostalsurvey.ActaAnaesthesiologicaScandinavica2007;51(3):347-358.24血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌英格兰与威尔士ICU的CO监测技术EsdaileB,RaobaikadyR.SurveyofcardiacoutputmonitoringinintensivecareunitsinEnglandandWales.CriticalCare2005;9(Suppl1):P68(DOI10.1186/cc3131)25血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌英格兰与威尔士ICU的CO监测技术CO监测技术2种69%首选经食道多普勒监测CO41%常规监测ScvO220%EsdaileB,RaobaikadyR.SurveyofcardiacoutputmonitoringinintensivecareunitsinEnglandandWales.CriticalCare2005;9(Suppl1):P68(DOI10.1186/cc3131)26血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌AreWeUsingPACCorrectly?27血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PAWP测定中的技术问题MorrisAH,ChapmanRH,GardnerRM.Frequencyoftechnicalproblemsencounteredinthemeasurementofpulmonaryarterywedgepressure.CritCareMed1984;12(3):164-170N(%)measurements%oftechnicalproblemsNoproblem1868(69)Technicalproblems843(31)Criterion1(total)(12)(38)Unabletoobtainan“atrialwaveform”1238Criterion2(total)156(6)19WPwaveformintermediatebetweenthephasicPAandatrialwaveforms100(4)12SpontaneousvariationofWP56(2)7Criterion3(total)381(14)45Poordynamicresponse184(7)22Dampedtracing65(2)8Overinflation42(2)5CannotaspiratebloodwiththecatheterinthePA36(1)4Cannotaspiratebloodwiththecatheterinthewedgeposition54(2)628血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PAWP测定中的技术问题MorrisAH,ChapmanRH,GardnerRM.Frequencyoftechnicalproblemsencounteredinthemeasurementofpulmonaryarterywedgepressure.CritCareMed1984;12(3):164-170WPTechnicalProblemCorrectedbyInitialConfirmed228OverinflationDeflatedballoon812VenousbloodAdvance2cm308VenousbloodWithdrawn156VenousbloodNothing812PoordynamicresponseWithdrawn4cm248PoordynamicresponseDeflatedandinflatedballoon2313PoordynamicresponseWithdrawn128PoordynamicresponseFlushed3618PartialWPPatientcoughed214PartialWPRepositioned720PartialWPNothing1420?RepositionedWPinitial–WPconfirmed=116mmHgRange(-13,+22)29血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PAWP测定中的技术问题MorrisAH,ChapmanRH,GardnerRM.FrequencyofwedgepressureerrorsintheICU.CritCareMed1985;13(9):705-708ProblemDescriptionsNumber(%)DampedtracingReducedhigh-frequencycontent40(43%)PoordynamicresponseAbsentoscillation,lowfrequency,orinadequatedurationofoscillationsafterasuddenpressuredecreasefromapproximately300mmHgtovascularlevels58(62%)OverinflationSlow,frequentlylinearincreaseinpressureafterballooninflation10(9%)PartialWPWaveformintermediatebetweenphasicPAandatrialwaveforms22(25%)30血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PAWP测定中的技术问题DistributionofWPmeasurementsandfrequencyofaWPerror4mmHgTraumaICURespiratoryICUN%(95%CI)N%(95%CI)TotalWPattempts10917%(11–26%)17710%(6–15%)WPultimatelyconfirmed80158InitialWPwithouttechnicalproblems468%(3–16%)1334%(1–8%)InitialWPwithtechnicalproblems5326%(18–44%)4031%(17–47%)NoWPobtained104MorrisAH,ChapmanRH,GardnerRM.FrequencyofwedgepressureerrorsintheICU.CritCareMed1985;13(9):705-70831血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ICU医生缺乏PAC的相关知识目的:评价欧洲国家ICU医生对PAC相关知识的了解程度设计:调查问卷背景:86个欧洲大学及非大学医院ICU对象:从两个欧洲危重病医学会目录中选取134个ICU.其中86个ICU的535名医生参加问卷调查干预:在每个ICU中,所有医生均被要求同时完成一项调查问卷,包括31个多选题,涉及床旁留置PAC的所有方面GnaegiA,FeihlF,PerretC.Intensivecarephysician’sinsufficientknowledgeofright-heartcatheterizationatthebedside:timetoact?CritCareMed1997;25:213-22032血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ICU医生缺乏PAC的相关知识GnaegiA,FeihlF,PerretC.Intensivecarephysician’sinsufficientknowledgeofright-heartcatheterizationatthebedside:timetoact?CritCareMed1997;25:213-220PAC相关知识调查问卷的内容分类1压力或心输出量测定的技术问题2相关指标的计算3血流动力学指标的解读4留置导管5导管相关并发症的识别,预防及治疗6应用PAC指导治疗7其他33血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ICU医生缺乏PAC的相关知识In-TrainingPostgraduateTrainingCompletedPrimaryMedicalSpecialtyAnesthesiology69.913.777.012.6InternalMedicine67.914.378.311.5Others62.416.369.815.2OpinionofRespondentsonTheirKnowledgeofPACsInadequate57.615.355.017.3Minimal65.714.371.914.1Adequate73.213.179.210.7Superfluous--83.30GnaegiA,FeihlF,PerretC.Intensivecarephysician’sinsufficientknowledgeofright-heartcatheterizationatthebedside:timetoact?CritCareMed1997;25:213-22034血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ICU医生缺乏PAC的相关知识GnaegiA,FeihlF,PerretC.Intensivecarephysician’sinsufficientknowledgeofright-heartcatheterizationatthebedside:timetoact?CritCareMed1997;25:213-22035血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ICU医生缺乏PAC的相关知识GnaegiA,FeihlF,PerretC.Intensivecarephysician’sinsufficientknowledgeofright-heartcatheterizationatthebedside:timetoact?CritCareMed1997;25:213-22036血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ICU医生缺乏PAC的相关知识GnaegiA,FeihlF,PerretC.Intensivecarephysician’sinsufficientknowledgeofright-heartcatheterizationatthebedside:timetoact?CritCareMed1997;25:213-22037血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌IsThereanEasyAlternativetoThisDilemma?38血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌CentralvenouscatheterInjectatetemperaturesensorhousingPV4046ArterialthermodilutioncatheterInjectatetemperaturesensorcablePC80109PULSIONdisposablepressuretransducerPV8115PCCIAP13.0316.28

TB37.0AP14011792(CVP)5SVRI2762PCCI3.24HR78SVI42SVV5%dPmx1140(GEDI)625

DPTMonitorcablePMK-206InterfacecablePC80150ConnectioncabletobedsidemonitorPMK-XXXAUXadaptercablePC8120039血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PiCCO的技术原理PiCCO技术由下列两种技术组成,用于更有效地进行血流动力和容量治疗,使大多数病人不必使用肺动脉导管:a.经肺热稀释技术b.动脉脉搏轮廓分析技术40血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌心输出量的测定:经肺热稀释技术中心静脉内注射指示剂后,动脉导管尖端的热敏电阻测量温度下降的变化曲线通过分析热稀释曲线,使用Stewart-Hamilton公式计算得出心输出量(CO)Tb注射t41血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌心输出量的测定:经肺热稀释技术经肺热稀释测量只需要在中心静脉内注射冷(<8C)或室温(<24C)生理盐水中心静脉注射右心左心肺PiCCO导管如插在股动脉内42血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌热稀释法测定CO:PiCCOvs.PACPCCO动脉热稀释测量位置静脉注射RAEDVPBVEVLWLAEDVLVEDVEVLWRVEDV常规热稀释测量位置[s]010203040500,00,20,40,6[°C]-DT注射热稀释测量曲线Tb=血流温度Ti=注射指示剂温度Vi=注射指示剂容积∫∆Tb.

dt=热稀释曲线下面积K=校正系数43血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌动脉脉搏轮廓分析动脉脉搏轮廓分析通过动脉压力波型的形状获得连续的每搏参数通过经肺热稀释法的初始校正后,该公式可以在每次心脏搏动时计算出每搏量(SV)t[s]P[mmHg]SV44血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌连续心输出量测定:PiCCO压力曲线下面积压力曲线型状PCCO=cal•HR•SystoleP(t)SVR+C(p)•dPdt()dt动脉顺应性参数心率与病人有关的校正因子t[s]P[mmHg]PCCOisdisplayedaslast12smean45血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌心输出量的测定:PiCCOvs.热稀释AuthorPt/ObsCOTDa–COTDpaBiasSDrVonSpiegel,etal.Anaesthesist1996;45(11)21/48-4.71.5%.97McLuckie,etal.ActaPaediatr1996;859/?0.190.21L/min/m2Goedje,etal.Chest1998;113(4)30/1500.160.31L/min/m2.96Goedje,etal.ThoracCardiovascSurg1998;4630/8100.260.71L/min.96Zoolner,etal.Anaesthesist1998;47(11)18/1600.031.04L/min.91Goedje,etal.CritCareMed1999;27(11)24/216-0.290.66L/min.93Sakka,etal.IntensiveCareMed1999;2537/4490.680.62L/min.97Sakka,etal.JCardiothoracVascAnesth2000;14(2)12/510.730.38L/min.96Zoolner,etal.JCardiothoracVascAnesth2000;14(2)19/760.210.73L/min.96Bindels,etal.CritCare2000;445/2830.490.45L/min/m2.9546血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PiCCO的技术原理PiCCO技术由下列两种技术组成,用于更有效地进行血流动力和容量治疗,使大多数病人不必使用肺动脉导管:a.经肺热稀释技术b.动脉脉搏轮廓分析技术47血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PiCCO容量参数全心舒张末期容积 GEDV胸腔内血容积 ITBV血管外肺水 EVLW通过对热稀释曲线的分析,可以得到这些容量参数lnc(I)注射At再循环MTtte-1DStc(I)48血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌全心舒张末期容积(GEDV)全心舒张末期容积(GEDV)是心脏4个腔室内的血容量49血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌胸腔内血容积(ITBV)胸腔内血容积(ITBV)是心脏4个腔室的容积+肺血管内的血液容量50血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血管外肺水(EVLW)血管外肺水(EVLW)是肺内含有的水量,可以在床旁定量判断肺水肿的程度51血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌容量的测量原理lnc(I)注射At再循环的影响MTtte-1DStc(I)

MTt:Meantransittime平均传输时间

≈halfoftheindicatorpassedthepointofdetection DSt:Downslopetime下降时间≈exponentialdownslopetimeofTDcurve52血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌容量的测量原理Vall=

V1+V2+V3+V4

=

MTtxFlowMeieretal.JApplPhysiol.1954V3=

最大腔的容积 =DStx

FlowNewmanetal.Circulation.1951指示剂由注射点到检测点的平均传输时间MTt由两点间的总容积决定下降时间DSt由其中最大的腔室决定(比其它腔至少大20%成立!)flowV3V4V2V1注射检测53血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌胸腔内的容积组成GEDVPTVRAEDVPBVLAEDVLVEDVRVEDVEVLWEVLWITTVPTV=肺内热容积,在一系列混合腔室中具有最大的热容积(DSt–容积)ITTV=胸腔内总热容积,从注射点到测量的热容积之和(MTt–容积)GEDV =全心舒张末期容积=ITTV–PTV54血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌容量的测量原理RAEDVPTVLAEDVLVEDVRVEDV胸腔总热容积(ITTV)ITTV=COxMTtTDa肺内总热容积(PTV)PTV=COxDStTDa全心舒张末期容积GEDV=ITTV–PTVRAEDVRVEDVLAEDVLVEDVRAEDVRVEDVLAEDVLVEDVPTVPTV55血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ITBV的测量原理Sakkaetal,IntensiveCareMed2000;26:180-187ITBV=1.25*GEDV–28.4[ml]r=0.96ITBVTD(ml)GEDVST(ml)GEDVvs.ITBVin57intensivecarepatients56血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ITBV准确性的临床验证Sakkaetal,IntensiveCareMed26:180-187,2000n=209r=0.97Bias = -7.6ml/m2

SD = 57.4ml/m2ITBVISTvs.ITBVITDin209intensivecarepatients57血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌容量测量小结ITTV=COxMTtTDaPTV=COxDStTDaITBV

=1.25xGEDVGEDV

=ITTV–PTVRAEDVRVEDVLAEDVLVEDVRAEDVRVEDVLAEDVLVEDVPBVRAEDVRVEDVLAEDVLVEDVPTVPTV58血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PiCCO前负荷指标在反映心脏前负荷的敏感性和特异性方面,已经证实ITBV和GEDV不但优于CVP及PAWP,也优于RVEDVITBV和GEDV最主要的优点是不受机械通气的影响而产生错误,因此能够在任何情况下提供前负荷情况的正确信息经由GEDV和SV计算得到的全心射血分数(GEF),在一定程度上反映了心肌收缩功能GEF=4xSV/GEDV59血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌容量负荷反应组与无反应组的CVP60血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌扩容治疗前的肺动脉楔压PAOP(mmHg)有反应者无反应者Calvinetal8172Schneideretal101101Reuseetal104103Diebeletal14772¶Diebeletal166155WagnerandLeatherman103144¶Tavernieretal104123Tousignantetal123163¶Michardetal103112¶p<0.0561血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌扩容治疗前的右室舒张末容积指数62血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌扩容治疗前的右室舒张末面积LVEDA(cm2/m2)有反应者无反应者Tavernieretal93124¶Tousignantetal155205¶Feisseletal104102¶p<0.0563血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌CVP/PAWP不能预测扩容反应

Lichtwarck-Aschoffetal,IntensiveCareMed1992;18:142-14764血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌ITBV能够更好地反映前负荷

Lichtwarck-Aschoffetal,IntensiveCareMed1992;18:142-14765血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌预测扩容反应:PAWP/CVPvs.ITBV1.MichardF,BoussatS,ChemlaD,AnguelN,MercatA,LecarpentierY,RichardC,PinskyMR,TeboulJL.RelationbetweenRespiratoryChangesinArterialPulsePressureandFluidResponsivenessinSepticPatientswithAcuteCirculatoryFailure.AmJRespirCritCareMed2000;162:134-138.2.RexS,BroseS,MetzelderS,HunekeR,SchalteG,AutschbachR,RossaintR,BuhreW.Predictionoffluidresponsivenessinpatientsduringcardiacsurgery.BrJAnaesth2004;93:782-78866血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌前负荷指标与SV/CI的相关性所有患者单一患者相关系数,rSVIartCIartCIart(最低值–最高值)CVP-0.090.00-0.01–0.33PAWP-0.02-0.01-0.36–0.03RAEDVI0.28-0.11-0.02–0.37RVEDVI0.03-0.020.02–0.03ITBVI0.760.830.67–0.91GEDVI0.820.870.70–0.93Goedjeetal,EurJCardiothoracSurg1998;13(5):533-539;discussion539-54067血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌心输出量和全身循环阻力由于脉搏轮廓分析连续测量每搏量和动脉压,可以如下计算得到心输出量(CO)和全身循环阻力(SVR):CO=每搏量x心率SVR=(平均动脉压–中心静脉压)/CO68血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌每搏量变异(SVV)对于没有心律失常的机械通气患者SVV反映了心脏对因机械通气导致的心脏前负荷周期性变化的敏感性SVV可以用于预测扩容治疗是否会使每搏量增加SVmaxSVminSVmeanSVmax–SVminSVV(30秒)=SVmean69血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌对扩容反应的预测性:CVPvs.SVVSensitivity1–SpecificityBerkenstadtetal,AnesthAnalg2001;92:984-989---CVP__SVV70血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血管外肺水的测定:EVLW放射影像学(radiology)指示剂稀释技术(indicatordilutiontechnique)显像技术(imagingtechnique)重力测定技术(gravimetrictechnique)71血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌氧合与肺水肿静水压升高引起肺水肿CMVFiO20.4ScilliaP,DelcroixM,LejeuneP,MelotC,StruyvenJ,NaeijeR,GevenoisPA.Hydrostaticpulmonaryedema:evaluationwiththin-sectionCTindogs.Radiology1999;211:161-16872血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血管外肺水与氧合MartinGS,EatonS,MealerM,MossM.Extravascularlungwaterinpatientswithseveresepsis:aprospectivecohortstudy.CritCare2005;9:R74-R82(DOI10.1186/cc3025)73血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血管外肺水与病死率Sturm,In:PracticalApplicationsofFiberopticsinCriticalCareMonitoring,SpringerVerlagBerlin-Heidelberg-NewYork1990,pp129-13974血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血管外肺水的测定当EVLW增加>100%时,胸片才会发生改变BongardFS,Surgery1984胸片对EVLW的改变并不敏感HelperinBD,Chest1984确定患者是否符合ARDS影像学表现时,医生之间存在非常明显的差异Rubenfeldetal,Chest199975血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌容量测量小结ITTV=COxMTtTDaPTV=COxDStTDaITBV

=1.25xGEDVEVLW=ITTV–ITBVGEDV

=ITTV–PTVRAEDVRVEDVLAEDVLVEDVRAEDVRVEDVLAEDVLVEDVPBVRAEDVRVEDVLAEDVLVEDVPTVPTVEVLWEVLW76血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌EVLW:PiCCOvs.重力法测定Sturm,In:PracticalApplicationsofFiberopticsinCriticalCareMonitoring,SpringerVerlagBerlin-Heidelberg-NewYork1990,pp129-13977血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血管外肺水的临床验证Sakkaetal,IntensiveCareMed26:180-187,2000Bias = -0.2ml/kg

SD = 1.4ml/kgn=209r=0.96EVLWISTvs.EVLWITDin209intensivecarepatients78血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌减少血管外肺水:临床试验Mitchelletal,AmRevRespDis145:990-998,199279血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血管外肺水血管外肺水(EVLW)通过经肺热稀释法得到,已被染料稀释法和重量法证实已证实血管外肺水(EVLW)与ARDS的严重程度,病人机械通气的天数,住ICU的时间及死亡率明确相关,其评估肺水肿远远优于胸部X线肺血管通透性指数(PVPI)一定程度上反映了肺水肿形成的原因PVPI=EVLW/PBV80血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌隐匿性肺水肿的检测指标EVLW增加临床症状100–200%胸片100–200%氧合(机械通气时)300%EVLW(PiCCO)10–15%81血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌原发性与继发性ARDS/ALI的鉴别患者人群(n=10)原发性ARDS/ALI(n=4):肺炎,误吸继发性ARDS/ALI(n=6):全身性感染评价指标ITBVIEVLWIPVPI(EVLW/ITBV)MorisawaK,TairaY,TakahashiH,MatsuiK,OuchiM,FujinawaN,NodaK.DothedataobtainedbythePiCCOsystemenableonetodifferentiatebetweendirectALI/ARDSandindirectALI/ARDS?CriticalCare2006,10(Suppl1):P326(doi:10.1186/cc4673)82血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌原发性与继发性ARDS/ALI的鉴别MorisawaK,TairaY,TakahashiH,MatsuiK,OuchiM,FujinawaN,NodaK.DothedataobtainedbythePiCCOsystemenableonetodifferentiatebetweendirectALI/ARDSandindirectALI/ARDS?CriticalCare2006,10(Suppl1):P326(doi:10.1186/cc4673)直接ARDS/ALI间接ARDS/ALIP值ITBVI984331.71279312.10.0001EVLWI13.24.716.86.50.014PVPI0.590.270.440.220.00683血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌SIRS及ARDS:肺血管通透性与肺水肿PVPISIRS组(n=31)2.371.0ARDS组(n=13)3.21.10非ARDS组(n=18)1.70.44非SIRS组(n=10)1.20.21TagamiT,KushimotoS,AtsumiT,MatsudaK,MiyazakiY,OyamaR,KoidoY,KawaiM,YokotaH,YamamotoY.InvestigationofthepulmonaryvascularpermeabilityindexandextravascularlungwaterinpatientswithSIRSandARDSunderthePiCCOsystem.CriticalCare2006;10(Suppl1):P352(doi:10.1186/cc4699)84血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌血管外肺水的测定胸片,氧合障碍及PAWP与EVLW之间的相关性很差床旁测定EVLW为危重病患者的诊断,随访及治疗评估提供了新的方法85血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌PiCCO技术问题86血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌热稀释法测定心输出量目的:确定热稀释法一次测定心输出量是否准确方法:回顾分析18名神经外科ICU患者共417次测定,1465次操作ANOVA分析WolfS,PlevD,SchürerL,LumentaC.Therepeatabilityoftranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurements.CriticalCare2004;8(Suppl1):P57(DOI10.1186/cc2524)87血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌热稀释法测定心输出量差值中位数两次测定95%可重复系数相当于正常值百分比CI(L/min)0.30.7248%ITBVI(ml/m2)80270180%EVLWI(ml/kg)13.587%WolfS,PlevD,SchürerL,LumentaC.Therepeatabilityoftranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurements.CriticalCare2004;8(Suppl1):P57(DOI10.1186/cc2524)88血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌热稀释法测定心输出量目的:确定热稀释法测定心输出量时2次测定与3次测定的准确性方法:回顾分析2年期间PiCCO监测的所有数据共25名感染性休克患者共249次心输出量测定比较前2次(M1)与3次测定心输出量(M2)的平均值AlayaS,AbdellatifS,NasriR,KsouriH,BenLakhalS.PiCCOmonitoring–aretwoinjectionsenough?CriticalCare2007;11(Suppl2):P29389血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌热稀释法测定心输出量AlayaS,AbdellatifS,NasriR,KsouriH,BenLakhalS.PiCCOmonitoring–aretwoinjectionsenough?CriticalCare2007;11(Suppl2):P293CI(L/min/m2)M13.281.07M25.741.0743%90血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌热稀释法测定心输出量结 论采用PiCCO进行监测时,2次热稀释法显然不足以可靠地测定心输出量AlayaS,AbdellatifS,NasriR,KsouriH,BenLakhalS.PiCCOmonitoring–aretwoinjectionsenough?CriticalCare2007;11(Suppl2):P29391血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌中心静脉插管部位的影响SchmidtS,WesthoffTH,HofmannC,SchaeferJ-H,ZidekW,ComptonF,vanderGietM.Effectofthevenouscathetersiteontranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurementvariables.CritCareMed2007;35:783-786颈内静脉vs.股静脉92血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌中心静脉插管部位的影响人口统计学资料MSD范围性别男8,女3年龄,岁58.717.521–74身高,cm174.97.9165–185体重,kg75.510.265–90体表面积,m21.900.151.73–2.14SAPSII51.310.136–61SchmidtS,WesthoffTH,HofmannC,SchaeferJ-H,ZidekW,ComptonF,vanderGietM.Effectofthevenouscathetersiteontranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurementvariables.CritCareMed2007;35:783-78693血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌中心静脉插管部位的影响心肺指标MSD范围HR,bpm88.517.966–124MAP,mmHg84.711.370–103COavg,L/min7.662.952.9–12.2GEDIavg,ml/m2947.2314.8577–1789EVLWIavg,ml/kg15.012.84–51SchmidtS,WesthoffTH,HofmannC,SchaeferJ-H,ZidekW,ComptonF,vanderGietM.Effectofthevenouscathetersiteontranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurementvariables.CritCareMed2007;35:783-78694血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌中心静脉插管部位的影响颈内静脉,sec股静脉,secPMTt43.418.946.618.30.0068DSt23.315.224.113.50.35AUC6.52.56.62.60.27SchmidtS,WesthoffTH,HofmannC,SchaeferJ-H,ZidekW,ComptonF,vanderGietM.Effectofthevenouscathetersiteontranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurementvariables.CritCareMed2007;35:783-78696血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌中心静脉插管部位的影响颈内静脉股静脉差异%PITBVI(ml/m2)1059134527<.001EVLWI(ml/kg)14.215.812.049CI(L/min/m2)4.054.06<1.92GrundlerS,MacchiavelloL.Femoralcentralvenouscatheter(CVC)versusinternaljugularCVCforassessmentofhaemodynamicparametersbytranspulmonarythermodilutionusingpulsecontourcardiacoutput.CriticalCare2005;9(Suppl1):P64(DOI10.1186/cc3127)97血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌肾脏替代治疗对PICCO测定的影响24名危重病患者(男性15名,女性9名)血流动力学监测5-F股动脉插管(PV2015L20;PulsionMedicalSystems)肾脏替代治疗12-F股静脉血透插管(TrilyseExpert;Vygon)(n=12)12-F上腔静脉血透插管(n=12)测定部位:上腔静脉插管(CertofixTrio;Braun,Melsungen)测定时间:RRT过程中,终止RRT即刻,重新开始后即刻SakkaS,HanuschT,ThuemerO,WegscheiderK.Influenceofveno-venousrenalreplacementtherapyontranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurements.CriticalCare2006;10(Suppl1):P355(doi:10.1186/cc4702)98血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌肾脏替代治疗对PICCO测定的影响RRTNoRRTRRTHR(bpm)9927100279927MAP(mmHg)741476127413CVP(mmHg)144144144CI(L/min/m2)3.81.43.91.33.81.3ITBVI(ml/m2)934254945255920247EVLWI(ml/kg)8.33.78.33.68.43.6SakkaS,HanuschT,ThuemerO,WegscheiderK.Influenceofveno-venousrenalreplacementtherapyontranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurements.CriticalCare2006;10(Suppl1):P355(doi:10.1186/cc4702)99血流动力学监测PICCO杜斌肾脏替代治疗对PICCO测定的影响在肾脏替代治疗过程中CI降低 (平均改变-0.1L/min/m2,P<0.01)ITBVI降低 (平均改变-18ml/m2,P=0.02)EVLWI不变 (平均改变+0.1ml/kg,P=0.42)SakkaS,HanuschT,ThuemerO,WegscheiderK.Influenceofveno-venousrenalreplacementtherapyontranspulmonarythermodilutionmeasurements.CriticalCare2006;10(Suppl1):P355(doi:10.1186/cc47