非谓语动词（全国一等奖）

非谓语动词知识梳理非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。它们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等。一、非谓语动词的各种形式非谓语动词

主动式被动式动词-ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone不定式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone过去分词done二、如何确定非谓语动词的形式首先要找出相应的逻辑主语。作表语、状语和主语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；作定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词；作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应该用动词-ing形式或不定式的主动式；如果是动宾关系，即逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者，应该用过去分词或不定式的被动式。

非谓语动词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。非谓语动词的一般式与谓语动词的关系如下：1.

不定式的一般式所表示的动作可能发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，也可能与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：

Ihopetoseeyouagain.Wouldyouhelpmeputthingsinorder?2.

动词-ing形式的一般式所表示的动作可能发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：

Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawfantasticscenery.Larrywentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.Walkingdownthestreet,IranintoBen.三、非谓语动词的一些用法1.

动词-ing形式和不定式作主语和宾语通常，动词-ing形式着重进程，不定式着重结果。但有时二者有下列不同之处：1)动词-ing形式的逻辑主语可能泛指人们，而不定式的逻辑主语则常是句子中的名词或代词。2)动词-ing形式可表示一般或抽象的多次性的动作，而不定式则往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。3)有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词常见的有agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wish等。4)有些动词后常跟动词-ing形式作宾语。这类动词常见的有admit,dislike,appreciate,avoid,enjoy,bear,escape,stand,deny,consider,mind,miss,finish,resist,imagine,risk,practice,suggest等。2.

非谓语动词作定语1)不定式作定语

a.

作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如：

Youaretherightpersontodothisjob.Doyouhaveanysuggestionstooffer?b.

名词前有only,last,next，序数词或形容词最高级时，其后常用不定式作定语。如：

MissBrownwasthenextpersontorisetospeak.Johnwasthesecondmantohearthenews.It’snotthebestplacetoliveifyouwishtodevelopyourknowledgeandloveofmountains.c.

有些名词的同根动词后常跟不定式，因而它也常跟不定式作定语。如：

Theyplannedtoproduceenergyfromwastematerial.Theymadeaplantoproduceenergyfromwastematerial.2)动词-ing形式作定语可表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动作以及经常存在的状态。如：

WhoisthewomantalkingtoJim?Therewere220childrenstudyingintheartschool.3)过去分词作定语常表示被动或已经发生的动作。如：

Intheend,theprogramofferedbyWilson\wasadopted.3.

非谓语动词作状语1)不定式作状语，常表示目的、结果等。作结果状语时，常用“only+不定式”结构，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。如：

Afriendofminecametoseemetonight.Ijumpedwithjoytohearit.Iarrivedonlytofindthattheothershadalreadyleft.2)动词-ing形式或过去分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。其前可用连词while,when,once,if,unless等。如：

Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn‘tgetintouchwithher.Convincedthattheyweretryingtopoisonher,sherefusedtoeatanything.Shewasoftennervouswhenfacingthecamera.I'msureIvanwillcomeifasked.4.

非谓语动词作表语不定式作表语，常用来说明主语的具体内容。如：

Thepurposeofthismeetingistoelectanewcaptain.2)过去分词作表语，常表示主语的性质、特征或状态。如：

Weweredelightedtoreceiveyourletter.Hisclotheswerecoveredwithdust.3)动词-ing形式作表语，可用于说明主语的内容，常指一般性、经常性的动作；也可表示主语所具有的特征或属性。如：

Herjobwastendingthesheep.Thearticlewasmisleading,andthenewspaperhasapologized.5.

非谓语动词作补语1)动词-ing形式表示正在进行的活动或反复的动作，而不定式则表示整个活动或事件的全过程。如：

Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.IaskedGeorgetoconveymybestwishestohismother.2)感官动词和使役动词后要接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但用于被动语态时，需把to补出来。如：

Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Achildwasseentoenterthehouse.四、非谓语动词独立结构非谓语动词可有其独立的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主语常常是名词或代词，置于非谓语动词之前，二者构成非谓语动词独立结构。这种独立结构常用作状语。如：

Theplanwasthatthetwopartiesshouldfirstreachanagreementonthebasicprinciples,thedetailstobeworkedoutlater.Thedaybeingfine,wedecidedtogoswimming.They’llsendyouthebookfor$2.75,postageincluded.高考链接Ⅰ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Ittookyearsofwork________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.【2014新课标全国卷I】2.Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout______(be)lateforschool.【2014新课标全国卷II】3.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________(connect).【福建2014】toreducebeingconnected4.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit______________(perform)liveisquiteanother.【浙江2015】5.Heisthought____________(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.【江西2014】6.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage________(hide)withinthework.【江苏2016】beingperformedtohaveactedhidden7.Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy_________(conduct)inAustraliain2012.【浙江2016】8.Therearestillmanyproblems___________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.【北京2014】9.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.【北京2014】10.________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.【北京2016】conductedtobesolvedwatchingTomake11.________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.【北京2016】12.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,________(make)airconditioningunnecessary.【天津2016】13.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only______(find)itdidn'tfit.【天津2014】OrderedmakingtofindⅡ.单项选择。1.【2015·北京】______theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.A.Catching. B.Caught. C.Tocatch.D.Catch【解析】为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前叫出租车并早起的目的。2.【2015·湖南】Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,______whetherto

stay

or

leave.

A.

wondering

B.

wonder

C.

to

wonder

D.

wondered【解析】当店员看到一张漂亮的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时,她像扎根似地定在了那里,想着是去还是留。she与动词wonder构成主动关系,因此用v.­ing形式作伴随状语。3.【2015·天津】______fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.A.Towork B.WorkedC.Tobeworking D.Havingworked【解析】工作了两天，史蒂夫成功地按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve,与work之间为主动关系,故用现在分词,这里用havingworked,表示动作的先后性。4.【2015·福建】InrecentyearsanEnglishword“infosphere”hasappeared,______thesenseof“information”and“atmosphere”.A.combine B.combined C.combing D.beingcombined【解析】最近几年，一个叫做“infosphere”的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词的意义。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的。5.【2015·江苏】Muchtime______sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.A.beingspent B.havingspent C.spent D.spending【解析】上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成選辑上的动宾关系，且已完成，用过去分词。6.【2015·重庆】_______inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.A.Beingraised B.Raising C.Raised D.Toraise【解析】由于在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，他要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。raise的逻辑主语是he，他在这个地方长大(被抚养长大)，是被动关系，且是一个已完成的动作。巩固练习I.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Withexams___________(approach),it'sagoodideatoreviewyourclassnotes.2.Allafternoon,Peterworkedwiththedoor________(lock).3.________(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.4.Jackwonfirstplaceinthe100-metreraceinthesportsmeeting,________(set)anewrecord.approachinglockedSeensetting5.Thisvillageismadeupof490families________(belong)tofivenationalities.6.Thedoorofthehouse________(close)alldaylongburstopenjustnow.7.Theplay________(put)onbytheteacherswasabigsuccess.8.Anoldman,________(bring)hisownequipment,volunteeredasaguideforus.belongingclosedputbringingII.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1.Simonwas____________________________________(唯一抱怨的人).Doyouthinkhedeservesahighersalary?2.________________________(所有的事都考虑在内),hisplanseemsbetterthanalltheothers.3.____________________________(当被问到她是谁),shesaidshewasMr.Johnson'sfriend.theonlyonetocomplainAllthingsconsideredAskedwhoshewas4.Fromthedates___________________________________(金币上标记的),thescientistslearntthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.5.Sherefusedtodiscussherdecision____________________________(退出这个组).6.Mrs.Lishowedherstudents______________________________(一些借来的旧照片)fromthecitylibrary.markedonthegoldcointooldphotosborrowedquitthegroupsome7.WithMother'sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_____________________(去买礼物)formymum.8.Ihave____________________________(许多事要做)today,soI'mafraidIcan'tgoshoppingwithyouthisevening.9.Thediningroomiscleanandtidy,with____________________________(已经摆好的桌子)foramealtobeserved.tobuygiftsmanythingstodoatablealreadylaidⅢ.用非谓语动词短语补全下面句子，使每组句子的意思相同或相近。1.Ifoundthefrontdoorlocked.Iwentroundtheback.___________________________________,Iwentroundtheback.2.Iwasshortofmoney.Icouldn'taffordtobuyanewcar.____________________________,Icouldn'taffordtobuyanewcar.FindingthefrontdoorlockedBeingshortofmoney3.Thepaintingwaslostformanyyears.Itturnedupatanauction.____________________________,thepaintingturnedupatanauction.4.Themeatwascookedforseveralhours.However,itwasstilltough.Although____________________________,themeatwasstilltough.5.Therewassomuchnoise.Icouldn'thearwhatwasgoingon.___________________________________,Icouldn'thearwhatwasgoingon.LostformanyyearscookedforseveralhoursTherebeingsomuchnoiseⅣ.用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。AInasplitsecond,withnoone1._______(pay)attention,thetwoprisonersescapedfromthebackofthepolicecar.Theywerehandcuffed(给……戴上手铐)toeachother.Itwasminutesbeforeapolicemansawthem2.___________(run)downthestreet.“We'llfollow,”twopolicemensaid.“Havethedriverbringthecartotheendoftheroad.payingrun/runningTellhim3.________(let)themgetaway.Ifwe’renotcareful,we’llhavethewholeneighborhoodcomplainingthatwe'vebeencareless.”Theprisonerswerestillrunningsidebyside.Thepolicemensawthem4.__________(race)upthehilland5.________(disappear)roundacorner.“We’llnevercatchthemnow!”oneofthepolicemensaid.“Iaskedyou6.__________(leave)themunattended.”nottoletrace/racingdisappearnottoleaveTheprisonerswererunningattopspeed.Suddenly,theysawalamppost(柱)infrontofthem.“Goleft!Goright!”theyeachshoutedatthesametime,7.________(run)oneithersideofthelamppost.Thepolicefoundthemfinally,8.______(lie)onthepavement,unhurt,dazed(眩晕的),andwithsillysmilesontheirfaces.runninglyingB

While1.________(prepare)amealforherguests,Mrs.Grantgotratherworriedaboutsome

unusualmushroomswhichakindfriendhadsent

herfromthecountry.2._______(feel)suspicious

(怀疑的),shegaveamushroomtoherdog.

3._________________(see)thatthedogateitwithnoill

effects,Mrs.Grantdecided4.________(cook)the

mushroomsforherguests.preparingFeelingSeeing/HavingseentocookThateveningtheguestsgreatlyenjoyedthemushrooms,5.___________(comment)ontheir

unusualflavor.Theyquicklychangedtheirminds

whenMrs.Grant’sdaughter,Jill,burstintothe

diningroomandannouncedthatthedogwasdead.

6.________(shock),Mrs.GrantphonedDr.

Craig,whocameroundimmediatelyandpumped

outthestomachsofallthosewhohadeatenthe

mushrooms—averyunpleasantexperiencefor

them.commentingShocke