培训-手部安全-Optimized-HAND课件

HandSafetyTraining双手安全培训11HandSafetyTraining双手安全培训111.EAMEHandInjuryStatisticsEAME手部伤害统计2.

TheNextStep

下一步措施3.HandHazards

手部风险4.TheFirstDefense

第一道防护5.TheLastDefense

最后一道防护

Index目录21.EAMEHandInjuryStatistics6.GloveLimitations

手套限制7.GloveUseandCare

手套的使用与保养8.

Chemical-resistantgloves

防腐手套9.10RulesforHandSafety

手部安全的10条准则10.ClosingRemarks

结束语Index目录36.GloveLimitationsIndex目录3HandInjuryStatistics手部伤害统计4HandInjuryStatistics手部伤害统计4HandInjuryStatistics手部伤害统计5HandInjuryStatistics手部伤害统计5HandInjuryStatistics手部伤害统计6HandInjuryStatistics手部伤害统计6HandInjuriesaccountformostofourseriousinjuries.Safetyincidentshavelongbeenamajorsourceofinjuries.Wemustreducethesesowemusttargetthespecificinjurysources.手部伤害在各类重大事故中占了大部分比例，安全事故是导致伤害的主要源头。一定要瞄准具体的伤害源头以减少类似事故的发生Canwetakethesameapproachtohandsafetythatwetooktowardssafety-Preventionfirst,protectionsecond?能否以同样的安全的方式来对待手部安全—先预防，后保护？

“TheNextStep”下一步措施7HandInjuriesaccountformostTakeamomenttoholdyourhandsoutinfrontofyou.Lookatthem.Theyaretheonlytwohandsyouwilleverhave.Doyouhaveanyscars?伸出双手观察一下，人这辈子就只有两只手，看看上面有没有伤疤？Ithasbeenestimatedthatalmost20%ofalldisablingaccidentsonthejobinvolvethehands.Withoutyourfingersorhands,yourabilitytoworkandliveanactivelife,wouldbegreatlyreduced.据统计20％的伤残事故都发生在手上。没有了手或手指头，个人工作及生活的积极性将会大打折扣。Imagewhatwillchangeyourlifeyouyoulostyourhands想象一下没有了双手，你的生活将会是怎样的？Humanhandsareunique.Noothercreatureintheworldhashandsthatcangrasp,hold,move,andmanipulateobjectslikehumanhands.Theyareoneofyourgreatesttoolsandassets.And,assuch,mustbeprotectedandcaredfor.人类的手是独一无二的。世界上没有任何生物具备可以像人类一样灵活自如地抓提掌控物体之双手。双手就是最好的工具和资产，因此必须要好好保护才行。

“TheNextStep”下一步措施8TakeamomenttoholdyourhanHowwouldyouanswerthisquestion……?请回答如下问题：“Whatisthemostusedtoolinindustry?”工业领域里最常用的工具是什么？Hammer锤子Screwdriver改锥Drill电钻Crescentwrench扳手Pliers钳子HandHazards手部风险9HowwouldyouanswerthisquesThemostusedtoolis:最常用的工具是：Trywritingwithoutusingyourthumb没有拇指写字试试看Tryholdingahammerwithonlytwofingers只用两根手指头握一下锤子试试看Tryusinganymanmadetoolwithoutyourhands不用手使用任何其它人造工具试试看Handprotectionisimportantbecauseourhandsareexposedtosomanyhazardsintheworkplace手经常处于多种风险当中，因此保护双手尤为重要TheHumanHand您的双手HandHazards手部风险10Themostusedtoolis:GeneralRequirements总体要求 Weshalltrainandrequireemployeestouseappropriatehandprotectionwhenemployees’handsareexposedtohazardssuchasthosefromskinabsorptionofharmfulsubstances;severecutsorlacerations;severeabrasions;punctures;chemicalburns;thermalburns;andharmfultemperatureextremes.

我们将针对手部接触有害物质、割伤、划伤、挫伤、刺伤、化学烧伤、烫伤及高温伤害等危害进行相关培训RequirementsforHandProtection

对手部防护的要求11GeneralRequirementsRequiremenBladeswhichcancutoramputateyourfingersorhands.锋利的片状物可切断手或手指头 -Usepushsticksandtongstokeepyourhandsawayfrombladesorhotobjects.

用棍子或钳子把薄片或其它高温物体挪开 -Cutawayfromthebodywhenusingaknife用刀具切割时离身体远一点Roughsurfacesandsharpedgeswhichcanscrapeorcuttheskin.

粗糙表面及锋利边角会刮伤或切入皮肤 -Useagrinderorfiletoremovetheroughsurface.用磨光机或挫刀磨平表面WorkPractices伤害的机会及预防12BladeswhichcancutoramputaMachinerywhichcanpinchorcrushyourfingers.机器会夹伤或压碎手指 -Makecertaintheequipmenthasbeenlockedoutandallenergysourceshasbeendisconnected.

作业前设备上锁，切断水电气等。 -Machineguardsinplaceandoperable

设有可操作的设备防护挡板WorkPractices伤害的机会及预防13WorkPractices伤害的机会及预防13Considertheforceofgravity.考虑重力影响 -Keepyourhandsoutfromundersuspendedorelevatedloads.

不要把手放在悬空物体或载荷之下Prybarsorsupportsslipping/failing

撬棍或支架滑落Missingthetargetwithahammer锤击偏位 -Keepyourhandsoutofthelineoffire不要把手放在触发路径上WorkPractices伤害的机会及预防14Considertheforceofgravity.Chemicalswhichcanirritateorburntheskin造成皮肤刺激或烧伤的化学品Makecertainthattheglovesthatyourhaveonarethecorrectones.确保防腐手套选用得当HeatandCold

骤冷骤热 -Cooloffhotmaterialbeforehandlingit,evengloved,erectabarrieragainstcoldandhotsurfaces).受热物体冷却后方可加工，即使戴了手套也要在冷热物体的表面加一层防护层 Theconditionofyourhandsgivesomeindicationofyourpast.Ifyouarelikemostus,youhaveoneormorevisiblescars,eachwithitsonstory,andperhapstheresultofbeingcaughtina,

双手可以反映您过去的经历，您手上的每个伤疤都有一个故事，可能这些疤痕是由“夹接点”留下的。“PINCHPOINT”夹接点WorkPractices伤害的机会及预防15WorkPractices伤害的机会及预防15

Apinchpointcanexistanytimetwoobjectscometogether.Anexampleiswhereaclosingdooranddoorframecometogether.

任意两个物体放在一起就可以形成夹接点，例如，关门时门和门框就形成了夹接点Herearesomeactualcasesofpinchpoints:如下为一些夹接点的实际例子：AnIronworkerinjuredhisfingerswhenabeamshiftedandpinchedhisfingersbetweenthebeamandtheconcretefloor.某钢结构工人在安装横梁时发生偏转，手指夹在了横梁与混凝土之间Apipefitterputhishandovertheendofapipe.Ahelpermovedanotherpipewhichhitthepipefitter’shand.某管工把手放在管子末端，此时辅工正在挪动另一管子，结果碰在了管工的手上Inbothexamples,glovesdidlittletopreventtheinjury.Thekeytopreventhandinjuriesasaresultofpinchpointsistothinkaboutwhereyourhandsareplacedandavoidthemalltogether.Todosorequireshazardidentification.

上述两种案例当中手套基本不起保护作用，防止夹接风险的关键是要避免把手放在不该放的位置上，因此需要进行风险确认。PinchPoints(HandTraps)夹接点16 Apinchpointcanexistanyti

Inordertoproperlypositionyourhands,youmustfirstrecognizethehazardandthendevelopaplantohelpkeepyourhandsfrombeinginjured.Thisrequiresthoughtandaction.

为了把手放在正确的位置，必须要认识风险且根据风险制定一套方案来避免伤害，需要思行结合。Useequipmenttomoveheavymaterialswhenpossible,notmanualmeans.

尽量利用设备搬运重物，避免徒手搬运Thebestsafetydeviceforyourhandsistouseyourmind.用思想左右您的双手才是最安全的防护方式Bybeingalertandawareyoucanavoidpoorpositioningofyourhands,keepthemoutoftheareasthatwillharmoneofyourmostvaluabletools:yourHands.

只有时刻保持思想上的警惕才可避免将双手置于不当位置，请用思想意识来保护最珍贵的工具：双手。PinchPoints(HandTraps)夹接点17 Inordertoproperlyposition

Keepyourhandsofftheloadcompletelyifpossible.Useataglinetocontroltheload.

尽量不要用徒手控制起吊荷载物，要用幌绳来控制荷载Donotgrabamovingcable,hoistline,orloadlinewithyourhands.

不要用手去抓移动的电缆，吊索或有荷载的绳索Ifyouseeothersplacingtherehands/fingersinapinchpoint,gettheirattentionandstopthem.

若发现有人把手放在夹接点上，请立即制止。PinchPoints(HandTraps)夹接点18 PinchPoints(HandTraps)夹接点1

TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点19TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点19

TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点20TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点20

TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点21TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点21

TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点22TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点22

TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点23TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点23Don’tforgettouseaproperAnchorpoint!选用恰当的系挂点！

TypicalPinchPoints常见的夹接点24Don’tforgettouseaproperA

StoredEnergy蓄存的势能Firstlylet’sdefinestoredenergy蓄存势能的定义 Storedenergyispotentialenergythatcouldbereleasedunexpectedlyifitisnotcontrolled.蓄存势能是指某种不加控制即可随时释放的潜在势能

Examples:例如 -Hydraulicfluidsunderpressure带压的流体 -Compressedair压缩空气 -Energystoredinsprings弹簧中蓄存的势能 -Processchemicalsunderpressure带压的工艺化学品 -Potentialenergyfromelevatedobjects(Gravity)

高空物体的势能（重力势能） -Energyinyourarmsasyou,forexample,pushorpullaprybarorwrench手臂中蕴存的势能，例如，手臂推拉撬棍或扳手发出的势能25StoredEnergy蓄存的势能25Whatcanwedotoprotectourhandsfromstoredenergy?如何避免双手受到蓄存势能的伤害？First,weneedtorecognizethatitexists.Storedenergyisnotalwaysrecognized.Theelectricalpoweronapieceofshopequipmentmaybelockedoutbutpressuremaystillbepresentinahydrauliccylinder.

首先要意识到其真实存在性，并非所有蓄存势能都能得到确认。设备的电源可能已经断开了，但是液压缸里可能还残留有压力Avalveorblindmayhavepressureagainstitduetoaleakingvalveupstream.

由于上游阀门发生泄漏，下游的阀门或盲板也可能带压Anunrecognizedhighcenterofgravitymaycauseapieceofequipmenttotoppleoverunexpectedly.设备的重心没找准也可能造成设备倾覆

StoredEnergy蓄存的势能26StoredEnergy蓄存的势能26Whatworkpracticescanwefollowtopreventhandinjuriesfromstoredenergy?遵循何种工作规范可避免蓄存势能对双手造成伤害？AlwaysLockandTagoutenergysources.对能量源挂牌上锁Lookforothermultipleenergysourcesonthesameequipment.全面观察设备的多个能量源Bleedoffstoredenergyinhydraulicoraircylinders释放液压或气压缸内的压力Whenapplyingforce(pushorpull)preparefortheunexpectedsliporrelease.NEVERplaceyourfaceinthedirectline,whenusingahandwrench.用力（推拉）时要防止松动滑倒。使用扳手时，千万不要使面部处于扳手的运动路径上。

StoredEnergy蓄存的势能27StoredEnergy蓄存的势能27Keephandsfromundersuspendedorelevatedloads.不要把手放在悬空或有一定高度的荷载物之下Considertheforceofgravity.要充分考虑倒重力因素Usetherighttoolforthejob,andbesureitisingoodcondition选用恰当的工具，确保工具状态良好Recognizethatgloveswillnotfullypreventinjuryfromstoredenergy.要充分意识到仅凭手套并不能完全防止蓄存势能的伤害Removehandsfrominthelineoffire(Hammers,plateedges,flanges,beams,pipes,doors,gridmesh)不要把手放在触发路径上（锤子、钢板边缘、法兰、横梁、管道、门、格栅板）

StoredEnergy蓄存的势能28StoredEnergy蓄存的势能28Youcansufferatraumaticinjurytoyourhandsinmanyways.双手受到严重外伤的方式有很多Toolsandmachineswithsharpedgescancutyourhands.尖角锋利的工具或设备可以割伤双手Staples,screwdrivers,nails,chisels,andstiffwirecanpunctureyourhands.订书钉、改锥、钉子、凿子及硬钢丝可以扎伤双手Hammers,Prybarscancausecrushinginjuries.锤子、撬棍可以压碎双手Gettingyourhandscaughtinmachinerycansprain,crush,orremoveyour handsand/orfingers.双手绞入机器可以造成手部扭伤，粉碎或者将整其整个吞噬掉TraumaticInjuries外伤29YoucansufferatraumaticinjComingintocontactwithcausticortoxicchemicals,biologicalsubstances,electricalsources,orextremelycoldorhotobjectscanirritateorburnyourhands.接触碱性或毒性化学药剂、生化药品、电源、或骤冷骤热物体可导致双手皮肤烧伤或受刺激。WARNING:Toxicsubstancesarepoisonoussubstancesthatcanbeabsorbedthroughyourskinandenteryourbody.警告：毒性药剂可通过皮肤吸收从而进入体内。ContactInjuries接触伤害30ContactInjuries接触伤害30RepetitiveMotionInjuries

CarpalTunnelSyndrome(CTS)

重复动作造成的伤害－腕部综合症Thepressureofrepetitivemotioncausestingling,numbness,orseverepaininthewristsorhands.

重复动作导致双手刺痛、麻木，或者腕部剧痛Short,frequentbreakswithexercisetothewrist,elbowsandshoulderswillincreasecirculationandallowthebodytorecoverfromrepetitivemovements.

经常短暂休息活动手腕，肘及双肩可促进血液循环，进而缓解重复动作带来的疲劳Keepthewristinastraight(neutral)positionwheneverpossible,andreducethespeedandforceofmovementsinvolvingthewrist.随时将手腕放直（中性位置）并减少腕部动作的速度及力度31RepetitiveMotionInjuries

CarHowever,surgeryisexpensiveanddoesnotguaranteelongtermrelief.

手术费用昂贵而且并不能长期缓解症状Someothertreatmentsincludemedicationorsplintswhichallowsworkertousethehand,butpreventshimorherfrombendingit.

也可采用药物治疗及安装固定夹板来活动双手，但不能屈臂Avoidanythingthathamperswristcirculation.

尽量避免阻碍手腕处的血液循环Graspobjectswiththewholehandorasmanyfingeraspossible.

抓取物体时尽量使用整只手，尽量多动用几根手指头RepetitiveMotionInjuries

CarpalTunnelSyndrome(CTS)

重复动作造成的伤害－腕部综合症32RepetitiveMotionInjuries

Car

”TheFirstDefense”第一道防护Machineguardsprotecthandsandfingersfrommovingpartsandshallnotbealteredorremoved.机器上的安全挡板可保护手及手指免受动设备的伤害，不得修改或随意拆除。Goodhousekeepingpracticesarealsoanimportantpartofapreventionplanforhandprotection.保持文明施工，做好场地清理也是保障双手安全的重要预案Removenailsorbendthemover–theycouldpuncturethehand清除或压弯钉子。钉子可能扎伤双手33”TheFirstDefense”第一道防护33Germicidalsoaps,andcleansingcreamsremovedirt,greaseandotherchemicalsfromtheskinafterexposure.

用灭菌肥皂及洗手液清洗皮肤上的脏物，油污及其他化学品Goodhousekeepingalsoappliestotoolsandyourworkarea.Clutteredaisles,sloppyworkhabitsalsocancontributetohandandotherinjuries.做好设备及工作区域的清理。不良的工作习惯及拥塞的通道都可能造成手部伤害或其它伤害Usethehandlesongrindersandpowertools–holdingagrinderwithonehandwhileholdingtheobjectintheotheroftenresultsininjury使用磨光机及其他电动工具的手柄，一手拿磨光机一手拿物体往往会酿成伤害事故Toolholdersused

使用工具座Askingyourselfwhatif?

随时问自己万一…会这么样?

”TheFirstDefense”第一道防护34”TheFirstDefense”第一道防护34Glovescanhelpreducethefrequencyandseverityofhandandfingerinjuries.

手套可减轻或减少伤害Glovesprotectyourhands,wearthemalways.

手套可保护双手，要随时穿戴PPEisavailableinformsofglovesandbarriercreams.

有各种手套及防护油脂AsbestosGlovesorAsbestosliningarePROHIBITED.

不得使用石棉手套或石棉衬里Youmustwearthecorrectgloveforthejob.

专门的作业需要专用手套PersonalProtectiveEquipment劳保用品35PersonalProtectiveEquipmentLeatherglovesprotectyourhandsfromroughsurfaces.皮手套可防止粗糙面的伤害Specialinsulatedglovescanprovideprotectionfromhotorcoldobjects.绝热绝冷手套可防止骤冷骤热物体的伤害Punctureresistantglovesforhazardswithsharppoints(i.e.stainlesstiewireforinsulators)防穿刺手套可防止尖锐物体的伤害（例如，保温工使用的不锈钢钢丝）Cut-resistantglovespreventorreducecutsfromknivesorsharpedges.防切割手套可防止或减少刀具或尖锐锋利物体的伤害PersonalProtectiveEquipment劳保用品36LeatherglovesprotectyourhaDisposableglovesprotectagainstbloodandgermswhenprovidingfirstaidtoableedingvictim.医用一次性手套在对流血的伤员实施急救时，可起到止血作用并防止细菌感染Variouskindsofchemicalresistantglovespreventcontactwithchemicals.防腐手套可防止接触化学品PersonalProtectiveEquipment劳保用品37DisposableglovesprotectagaiThesespecialtyglovesareusedtohandlelivewiresorenergizedelectricalequipment.本专用手套主要用于处理带电的电缆或设备Theymustbeelectricallytestedevery6months每6个月要进行一次绝缘测试Theycan’tbeusedifnottestedwithinpast12months.过去12个月内没有进行绝缘测试的手套不得使用Checkforobvioussignsofwearorholesbeforeusing.使用前检查有无明显的破损或漏洞CERTIFIEDLINEMAN’SGLOVES高压绝缘手套PersonalProtectiveEquipment劳保用品38Thesespecialtyglovesareuse

Glovescangetcaughtinrotatingmachinery.

手套可能绞入动设备当中

Somepeopleareallergictolatexgloves.

有些人对胶手套过敏

Glovescanactuallycausemoreproblemsifchemicalsgetinsideglove.

若化学品渗入手套会带来更多问题

Glovescanfailinconditionsofextremetemperatures,highmechanicalforce,highvibrationorhandlingextremelyharshchemicals.

遇到极端温度，极大机械作用力，高度振荡或极强的化学品都可能导致手套失效

Thereareseveraltypesofchemicalgloves.Besureyouknowwhattypewillprotectyouagainstthechemicalyouarehandling.RefertotheMSDS.

有各种防腐手套，使用时要正确选用，请参阅MSDSGloveLimitations手套限制39GlovescangetcaughtinrotaToobig尺寸太大了Abetterfit差不多Wearonlyglovesthatfityourhands.

选用与手形匹配的手套Glovesthataretoosmallcantireyourhands

手套太紧可能导致手部疲劳Glovesthataretoolargeareclumsytoworkwith.

手套太松可能工作时不方便Wearingglovesaroundmovingequipment,shallbedonewithgreatcaution.Theglovemaygetcaughtandpullyourhandintothemachinery.在动设备旁边戴手套要多加注意，手套可能被机器夹住连手一起拽入机器。GloveSize&Fit手套尺寸40Toobig尺寸太大了Abetterfit差不多GReplaceglovesiftheyhavecuts,tears,holesordefects.手套上有裂口，破洞及磨损缺陷应及时更换Makesureglovesaretherightlengthforthejob.确保手套长度符合工作要求GloveUse&Care手套使用保养41ReplaceglovesiftheyhavecuUsetherightgloveforthejob!选用正确的手套进行作业！Don’tusefabricorleatherglovestohandleliquidchemicals.不要用布或革质的手套处理液态化学品No!不行Yes!行GloveUse&Care手套使用保养42UsetherightgloveforthejoGloveClip手套夹GloveUse&Care手套使用保养43GloveClip手套夹GloveUse&Care手GloveUse&Care手套使用保养44GloveUse&Care手套使用保养44Chemical-resistantglovesarenottotally“chemical-proof”防腐手套并非完全“防腐”Chemicalswilleventuallypenetratetheglovesovertime.过久接触化学品会至其渗入手套Chemicalswillalsobreakdown(swell,crackorweaken)theglovematerialovertime.过久接触化学品也会减弱手套的防护性能（发胀、裂纹或变软）Ingeneral,thethickertheglove,themoreresistantitistochemicals.总之，手套越厚，抗腐蚀能力越强ThickisbetterthanThin厚比薄好ChemicalResistantGloves防腐手套45Chemical-resistantglovesareNosingleglovematerialwillprotectagainstallchemicals.没有任何一种材料可以单独抵挡所有化学品Glovesareselectedaccordingtothetypeofchemical.不同的化学品要选用不同的手套GoodchemicalglovesaremadeofViton®,butyl,nitrile,neoprene,orPVCorcombinationsofthese.好的防腐手套是由聚氯乙烯、氯丁橡胶等制成或合成的ChemicalResistantGloves防腐手套46NosingleglovematerialwillYoushouldknowwhatchemicalyouarehandlingandhowlongthegloveswillkeepthechemicalout.应该事先了解所接触的具体化学品名及手套的防护时间限制Throwawaygloveswheneverdegradationisvisibleoryouknowchemicalshaveleakedinside.发现破损立即更换，或感觉有渗漏时立即更换Whenhandlinghighlytoxicchemicals,twolayersofchemical-resistantglovescanprovideadditionalprotection.处理剧毒化学品时可用双层防腐手套，双重防护1Hr?8hrs?

UsingChemicalResistantGloves防腐手套的使用47YoushouldknowwhatchemicalKeephandsawayfrompinchpointsandcrushinghazards.Pinchpointinjuriesandcrushinginjuriesarecommonbothatworkandathome.Exercisecautionwhenworkingwithhammers,presses,oranypieceofequipmentthatmightposeahazardtoyourhands.

不要把手放在夹接点或有挤压风险的地方。夹接和挤压伤害风险在工作和家庭生活中都比较常见。使用锤子，冲床或其它容易伤手的设备时要多加小心。Inspectmaterialsforslivers,jaggededges,burrs,androughorslipperysurfacesbeforehandling.Putonglovesortakeotherprecautionstoprotectyourhands.Wipeoffgreasy,wet,slippery,anddirtyobjectsbeforehandling.

搬运材料时，应事先检查设备有无尖角，毛刺或其它粗糙表面。戴上手套，并清除材料上的油污及脏物。ALWAYSwearsuitableglovesunlessoperatingrotatingequipmentsuchasdrillpresses,floormountedthreadingmachines,benchgrinders,tablesaws,etc.

除非操作冲击钻，落地式套丝机，台式磨光机或台锯等动设备，手套必须经常穿戴。10RulesforHandSafety手部安全的10条准则48KeephandsawayfrompinchpoiRemovejewelrywhereapplicable.Mostpeoplewearringsasamatterofhabitandseldomstoptothinkaboutwhatwouldhappeniftheringgotcaughtonsomethingandwouldnotgive.Onecompanydidastudyandfoundthatittook1,670poundsofpulltoseparatearing.Therefore,itisdoubtfulthataringwillgivebeforethefinger.

取下珠宝首饰。很多人出于习惯佩戴首饰但很少考虑万一戒指被其它东西挂到而取不下来的情况。某公司做了个研究，发现至少要用1670磅的力气才可将戒指取下来。因此，戒指一旦被东西挂住，先取下来的肯定是你的手指头而不是戒指。Usethecorrecthandtoolforthejobanduseitproperly.

正确使用恰当的工具 Examplesofimproperuseinclude:

不良使用包括：Knives–Usingaknifeinsteadofsnipsorcutters.

刀具—用刀具代替剪刀或切割机Wrenches–Usingasahammer.

扳手—扳手当锤子用Screwdrivers–Usingasawedgeorprybar.

改锥—改锥当楔子或撬棍用Hammers–Usingthewrongtypeofhammer.

锤子—锤子型号不当PowerTools–Usingthewrongtypeofpowertool.

电动工具—型号不当10RulesforHandSafety手部安全的10条准则49Removejewelrywhereappli