神经元和神经胶质细胞胶质细胞

神经元和神经胶质细胞胶质细胞第1页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月TypesandFunctionsofGliaNameofGlialCellFunctionAstrocyte(Astroglia)Star-shapedcellsthatprovidephysicalandnutritionalsupportforneurons:1)cleanupbrain"debris";2)transportnutrientstoneurons;3)holdneuronsinplace;4)digestpartsofdeadneurons;5)regulatecontentofextracellularspaceMicrogliaLikeastrocytes,microgliadigestpartsofdeadneurons.Oligo-dendrogliaProvidetheinsulation(myelin)toneuronsinthecentralnervoussystem.SatelliteCellsPhysicalsupporttoneuronsintheperipheralnervoussystem.SchwannCellsProvidetheinsulation(myelin)toneuronsintheperipheralnervoussystem.第2页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月NeurogliaintheCNS第3页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月Abletoreplicate!ImportanceinnervoussystemfunctionisVASTLYunderestimated!Evidenceismounting:NurturingroleSignalingrole(Memory?)InflammationPainManymoretocome!Neuroglia:DistinguishingFeatures第4页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月PresenceoftightjunctionsbetweentheendothelialcellsOneofthenotablefeaturesofendothelialcellsincomparisontoothercellisthelackofpinocyticvesiclesSelectivepermeabilitytomoleculesbasedontheirmolecularweightandlipidsolubilityPresenceofspecificmarkersRichintwoenzymes:gammaglutamyltranspeptidase(GGTP)(foraminoacidtransport)andalkalinephosphatase(transportofphsopahteions)usedasmarkerforBBB.Others:glucosetransporter(GLUT-1);endothelialbarrierantigen(EBA;unknownfunction)andantigenrecognizedbytheMRCOX-47monoclonalantibody(importantforcell-to-celladhesion);transferrinreceptor(transportofferricions).PropertiesofBloodBrainBarriers第5页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月BBB第6页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月1.NeuronshaveTWO"processes"calledaxonsanddendrites.GlialcellsonlyhaveONE.2.NeuronsCANgenerateactionpotentials.GlialcellsCANNOT,however,dohavearestingpotential.3.NeuronsHAVEsynapsesthatuseneurotransmitters.GlialcellsdoNOThavechemicalsynapses.4.NeuronsdoNOTcontinuetodivide.GlialcellsDOcontinuetodivide.5.TherearemanyMORE(10-50timesmore)glialcellsinthebraincomparedtothenumberofneurons.

Gliaaredifferentfromneurons:第7页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月NerveCells第8页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月Neurons,Glia,ExtracellularSpace,andBlood第9页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月BidirectionalCommunicationPartnersintheCNSReceivingsignalsfromneighboringneuronsandrespondingtothemwithreleaseofneuroactivesubstancesExpressreceptorsforalmostallneurotransmittersandneuromodulatorsIncreaseofintracellularcalciumconcentrationMembranedepolarizationinastrocytesarecommonresponsestoneuralactivityMetabolicallycoupledtoneuralactivity第10页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月MetabolismofAstrocytesandtheirMetabolicCooperationwithNeuronsGlucoseAminoacidmetabolismEnzymes:glutaminesynthetase(glutamate-glutaminecycle);glycogenphosphorylatase(glycogenmobilization);pyruvatecarboxylase(anapleroticsynthesisofoxaloacetate);cysteinesulfinatedecarboxylase(synthesisoftaurine);glycinecleavagesystem,glycinemetabolism.

第11页，课件共12页，创作于2023年2月ThreeTypesofMetabolicCooperationofAstrocytesandNeuronsSupplyoftheenergysubstratelactatetoneuro