Unit 4 Discovering useful strutures 课件高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

InfinitivesastheattributeandtheadverbialB3U4

GrammarLearningObjectivesGraspthebasicusageoftheinfinitivesastheattributeandtheadverbial.Ican’tgowithyou,forIhavealotofwork_________(do).todo

Themeeting__________(hold)innextmonthiscanceled.tobeheld判断以下不定式作什么成分1....peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace，andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.2.Theymakevehiclestocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.3.However，somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.4.Forexample，America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977tostudydeepspace...目的状语后置定语目的状语目的状语5.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.6.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003...7.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.8.Morerecently，ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsandobservations.后置定语后置定语后置定语目的状语to

do作定语1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。1.今晚我们有许多作业要做。Wehavemuchhomework________(do)tonight.2.明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。Theairport________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.。todotobecompletedto

do作定语2.名词前有first，last，next，theonly等词或最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式作定语。她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。Shewasthefirstwoman________(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.towinto

do作定语3.抽象名词attempt,ability,ambition,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,chance,time,courage,effort,failure,offer,promise,right,wish,reason,way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。1.

詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。JanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesire_____（do)usefulwork.2.现在是上课的时间了。Nowitistime________(begin)ourclass.todotobeginto

do作定语4.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系、动宾关系时。1.

我们必须找一个人来做这项工作。Wemustfindaperson______(do)thejob.2.老师给我们留了许多道题要解答。Theteacherleftusalotofproblems__________(solve).3.目前布朗先生有重要的事情要处理。MrBrownhassomethingimportant_____________atpresent.todotosolvetodealwith注意：1.动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。2.如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要跟相应的介词。3.动词不定式与所修饰词之间是动宾关系时，若句中有其逻辑主语或者是说话人做该动作时，用主动形式表示被动意义；若没有其逻辑主语或说话人不做该动作，则用被动形式。Ihavealettertowrite.我有一封信要写。(“我”写)Theoldladyhasalettertobewritten.老妇人有一封信要写。(老妇人自己不会写信，是让别人帮忙写)即学即用：单句语法填空①Ourtouralsoincludesachance_______(walk)inthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)②Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialparty

(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)③Hehasnopentowrite

.④OnSundays，healwayshasalotofletters

_______(write).⑤YoumightthinkthatwithallthesedangerousanimalsAustraliaisanunsafeplacetolive___

orvisit.⑥Doyouhaveanything

_______(do)tonight?⑦Thebestway____________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.to

walkto

beheldwithto

writeinto

doto

improveto

do作状语1.表示目的,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。为了画好地图，你需要一支特殊的钢笔。A.Todrawmapsproperly,aspecialpenisneeded.B.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.为了不上课迟到，我们最好快点。Wehadbetterhurryup______________________________.总结1：不定式的否定式均是在to前加not。inorder/soasnottobelateforclass1.

昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。Shewenttothehospital________________hergrandfatheryesterday.2.

为了赶上别人，这个聪明的年轻人一直非常努力地工作。_______________________others，theintelligentyoungmanhasbeenworkingveryhard.to/inorderto/soastosee

To/Inordertokeepupwith

总结2：在作目的状语的不定式前，常加上inorder或soas，但soas不能位于句首。总结3：当动词不定式(短语)有自己的执行者时，需用动词不定式的复合结构forsbtodo作状语。他打开门以便孩子们进来。Heopenedthedoor

_______________________.forthechildrentocomein我们穿戴整齐以便早点动身。Wedressedupinorderthat/sothatwecouldstartearly.→

Wedressedup______________________________.inorderto/soastostartearly总结4:动词不定式(短语)作目的状语可以与目的状语从句相互转换。当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为动词不定式或动词不定式短语作状语。to

do作状语2.表示结果,通常用于一些

结构中。1.

他还没有聪明到做那件事的程度。Heisnotsointelligent__________

that.2.

这名宇航员如此勤奋，结果他取得了巨大成就。

（such）Theastronautis________________________________greatachievements.3.

你有足够的钱买电脑吗？（enough)Doyouhave___________________acomputer?astodo

suchahard-workingpersonastomakeenoughmoneytobuy

4.这个女孩已经长大了，可以独立地做自己的事情了。（enough）Thegirlis___________________herownthingsindependently.5.加利福尼亚号到得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。(too)TheCalifornianshiparrived__________________morepeople.6.他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。(only)Hehurriedtotheagency，____________themanagerhadleft.7.她出国了，再也没回来。（never）Shewentabroad______________.oldenoughtodo

toolatetosave

onlytofind

nevertoreturn总结：动词不定式作结果状语时常用如下结构：(1)so＋形容词/副词＋astodo如此……以至于……(2)such＋形容词＋名词＋astodo如此……以至于……(4)too＋形容词/副词＋todo太……而不能……(5)不定式短语表示结果时，常与only,never连用，暗示一种意外的结果。to

do作状语3.表示原因,通常用于一些结构中。1.听到你缺乏耐心我很失望。I’m______________________youlackthepatience.2.我非常高兴地得知你在比赛中获得了一等奖。Iammorethan_________________thatyouhavewonthefirstprizeinthecontest.disappointedtohear

delightedtohear

总结1：常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋todo”结构中。常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有：sorry，surprised，astonished，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。to

do作状语1.Theexperiment____________carryout.这个实验很难进行。2.I______________________，soIwillbefitfortheposition.我很容易相处，因此，我适合这个职位。总结2：常用于“主语(物/人)＋系动词＋性质形容词＋todo”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，动词不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。3.表示原因,通常用于一些结构中。isdifficultto

ameasytogetalongwith

IimmediatelycalledSally1.

themisunderstanding.Aftergettingthrough，Iwassoguilty2._______

.Shesaidsoftly，“Nevermind.Ialsohavethestrongdesire3.

.”

Iwastoomoved4.

.Fromthenon，Ideterminedtotrustmylovedones，becausealittlemistakecanbeseriousenough5.__________

.Afterall，trustistheeasiestthingintheworld6.

.to/inorderto/soastoexplainastoapologizetohersincerelytomakeupwithyoutocontrolmytearstoendourpreciousfriendshiptoloseReviewⅠ.单句语法填空1.Theplumtreesarethefirst___________(flower)evenasthesnowismelting(融化).(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)2.Withalotofwork_______(do)，shewasn’tallowedtoleaveheroffice.3.Pleasegivemesomepapertowrite____.4.__________(save)energy，weturnoffthelightsforEarthHouronthelastSaturdayinMarch.toflowertodoonTosave5.However，ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway____________(practice)ourdebatingskills.6.We’renevergoingtohaveenoughtime___________(explore)everything!7.Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，only________(find)itdidn’tfit.8.Iboughtsomeyoungtrees_________(plant)onthehill.9.Thebuilding______________(build)nextyearwillbeagym.10.Therearestilllotsofproblems_____________(deal)with.topracticetoexploretobedealttobebuilttofindtoplantIhavetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgood______(be)backinthecityagain.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld________（go)intothespace.togoThisallowsvisitors___________

(experience)arealtasteofChina.toexperienceAlthoughscientiststry________(make)surenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.Mydreamis______

(live)amoremeaningfullife.tolivetobeOver300,000peoplecamefromallovertheworld_______

(seek)theirfortune.toseektomake不定式作宾语agree/disagreetodosth.offertodosth.intendtodosth.plantodosth.demandtodosth.asktodosth.promisetodosth.decidetodosth.choosetodosth.hopetodosth.wanttodosth.expecttodosth.pretendtodosth.managetodosth.daretodosth.failtodosth.refusetodosth.seemtodosth.determinetodosth.help

(to)

do

sth不定式作宾补advise

sbtodosthallowsbto