江苏省苏州市吴江区梅堰中学2023年初中教师专业素养竞赛模拟（一）英语试卷

第第页江苏省苏州市吴江区梅堰中学2023年初中教师专业素养竞赛模拟（一）英语试卷2023年初中英语学科素养竞赛模拟试卷（一）

一、单项选择（共12小题;每题1分，共12分）

1.Tendaysaredevotedtothistrainingprogramand_________itbeunsuccessful,itcouldberepeatedlater.

A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.would

2.Ican’tmeetyouonSunday.I’llbe_________occupied.

A.alsoB.justC.neverthelessD.otherwise

3._________theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.

A.ToenjoyB.EnjoyingC.TohaveenjoyedD.Enjoy

4.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp_________youryearahead.

A.shapeB.switchC.stretchD.sharpen

5.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_________fishingindustry.

A.atB.inC.onD.by

6.Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakea_________forthebetter.

A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.lead

7.Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand_________toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.

A.reducingB.reducedC.beingreducedD.havingreduced

8.“Neverforasecond,”theboysays,“_________thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”

A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt

9.Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but_________tonone.

A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing

10.—Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxiousabouthisjobinterview.

—Lackofself-confidenceishis_________.Iamafraid.

A.Achilles’heelB.child’splayC.greenfingersD.laststraw

11.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento_________theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.

A.gainadmissiontoB.keeptrackofC.takeadvantageofD.giveriseto

12.Muchtime________sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.

A.beingspentB.havingspentC.spentD.spending

二、完形填空（共15小题;每题1分，满分15分）

When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon’tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswith

theirdates.13,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.

Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelaying

activitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto14.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournal

ChildDevelopment,foundthatthepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver’slicense,whohave

triedalcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous(急剧)15

inthepastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,and

suburbanareas.

Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe16haveslimmed

considerably.Teenshavealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhigh

schoolstudentswhohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2023,accordingtoCentersfor

DiseaseControlstatistics.“Peoplesay,‘Oh,it’sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormore

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boring,’butthey’re17thelargertrend,”saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonseven

largetime-lagsurveysofAmericans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless18inactivitiessuchasdating,

drivingorgettingjobsbecauseintoday’ssociety,theynolongerneedto.

Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson’s“lifestrategy”slowsdownorspeedsup

dependingonhisorher19,exposuretoa“harshandunpredictable”environmentleadstofaster

development,whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe20effect,thestudysaid.Inthe

first21,“You’dhavealotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswill

havekidsyoung,andexpectthattherewillbemore22andfewerresources,”saidTwenge,apsychology

professoratSanDiegoStateUniversitywhoistheauthorof“iGen:WhyToday’sSuper-ConnectedKidsAre

GrowingUpLessRebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood.”

Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore23aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworking

forpaywouldbeimportantfor“establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources,”thestudysaid.But

Americaisshiftingmoretowardthe24model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomic

spectrum,Twengesaid.“Eveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation…familiesaresmaller,and

theideathatchildrenneedtobecarefully25hasreallysunkin.”The26of“adultactivities”could

notbeattributedtomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewer

hoursonhomeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s(withtheexception

ofcommunityservice,whichhasrisenslightly).NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbeentirelythe

27,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomfor

creativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.

13.A.ThereforeB.RatherC.MoreoverD.Besides

14.A.childhoodB.neighborhoodC.adolescentsD.adulthood

15.A.escapesB.endsC.decreasesD.changes

16.A.minoritiesB.majoritiesC.massesD.amounts

17.A.takingB.avoidingC.sendingD.missing

18.A.interestedB.enviedC.relievedD.realized

19.A.emotionsB.surroundingsC.customsD.habits

20.A.wrongB.sameC.oppositeD.similar

21.A.eventB.issueC.caseD.occasion

22.A.troubleB.questionsC.benefitsD.diseases

23.A.respectivelyB.delicatelyC.seriouslyD.considerably

24.A.slowerB.betterC.smallerD.faster

25.A.emphasizedB.relatedC.organizedD.educated

26.A.implementB.postponementC.achievementD.payment

27.A.causeB.impactC.factD.result

三、阅读理解（共16小题;每题2分，共32分）

A

Ifasinglewordcandescribeourdailylifeduringthosefirstthreeyears,itis“scrounge”(讨要).Everywaking

momentwewereconcentratingonhowthehellwewouldbeabletosaveupenoughdough(面团;钱)todo

whateveritwaswehadtodo.Usuallyitwasjustbreakeven.Andthere’snothingromanticaboutit.either.

RememberthefamousstanzaOmarKhayyámYouknow,thebookofversesunderneaththebough,theloafof

bread,thejugofwineandsoforthSubstituteScottonTrustsforthatbookofversesandseehowthispoeticvision

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stacksupagainstmyidyllicexistence.Ah,paradiseNo,bullshit.AllI’dthinkaboutishowmuchthatbookwas

(couldwegetitsecondhand)andwhere,ifanywhere,wemightbeabletochargethatbreadandwine.Andthen

howwemightultimatelyscroungeupthedoughtopayoffourdebts.

Lifechanges.Eventhesimplestdecisionmustbescrutinizedbytheevervigilantbudgetcommitteeofyour

mind.

“Hey,Oliver,let’sgoseeBeckettonight.”

“Listen,it’sthreebucks.”

“Whatdoyoumean”

“Imeanabuckfiftyforyouandabuckfiftyforme.”

“Doesthatmeanyesorno”

“Neither.Itjustmeansthreebucks.”

Ourhoneymoonwasspentonayachtandwithtwenty-onechildren.Thatis,Isailedathirty-six-footRhodes

fromseveninthemorningtillwhenevermypassengershadenough,andJennywasachildren'scounselor.Itwasa

placecalledthePequodBoatClubinDennisPort(notfarfromHyannis)anestablishmentthatincludedalarge

hotel,amarinaandseveraldozenhousesforrent.Inoneofthetinierbungalows,Ihavenailedanimaginaryplaque

(匾牌):“OliverandJennyslepthere.Ithinkit’satributetousboththatafteralongdayofbeingkindtoour

customers,forwewerelargelydependentontheirtipsforourincome,JennyandIwerenonethelesskindtoeach

other.Isimplysay“kind”,becauseIlackthevocabularytodescribewhatlovingandbeinglovedbyJennifer

Cavilleriislike.Sorry,ImeanJenniferBarrett.

BeforeleavingfortheCape,wefoundacheapapartmentinNorthCambridge.IcalleditNorthCambridge,

althoughtheaddresswastechnicallyinthetownofSomervilleandthehousewas,asJennydescribedit,“inthe

stateofdisrepair”.Ithadoriginallybeenatwo-familystructure,nowconvertedintofourapartments,overpriced

evenatits“cheap”rental.ButwhathehellcangraduatestudentsdoIt’saseller’smarket.

28.WhatcanwelearnfromtheconversationbetweenOliverandJenny

A.NoneofthemwantedtoseeBecket.B.Theydidn’thavethreebucks.

C.Jennywaswastingmoney.D.Oliverwasathriftyman.

29.WhywereOliverandJennyfriendlytocustomers

A.Theywerebothcounselorsforchildren.B.Theyneededtogettipsfromcustomers.

C.Theydidn'thaveenoughroomtoliveinD.Thatwastheruleontheyacht.

30.By“inthestateofdisrepair”,theauthorimpliesthat________.

A.theapartmentwasverycheapB.theapartmentwasveryexpensive

C.theiraccommodationisnotdecentD.theiraccommodationisverydecent

31.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage

A.Acouple’sdebtrepaymentprocessB.Acouple’shoneymoontrip

C.Acouple’shardlifeD.Acouple’slifeonayacht

B

Standingontheshoreofalake,Ican’thelpbutmarvelatthetensorhundredsofthousandsofsmallrocksthat

surroundmyboots.Theywereallcreatedfromhardsurfaces,theiredgessofteningovertime.

AndIwonder,canwelearnfromapileofrocks

Eventhetallestmountainshaveworndown;noneareastallastheywere1,000yearsago.Andmuchlikearock,

I’vefoundmyattitudehassoftenedandmydesiretobetterunderstandothershasexpandedwitheachtriparoundthe

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sun.

OnceItoowasasharprockcoveredinpointyedges.Today,afterdecadesofthewatersoflifecoursingoverme,

myedgesaresofterandmoreunderstanding.I’mlesslikelytojudgeandmoreinterestedinlearninghowwecanexist

together.

ButI’mnotarock.I’mahumanbeingfilledwithallthedramabuiltintomyDNA.

Twoyearsago,whiletravelinginthePacificNorthwest,Iwatchedarestaurantowneraskseveralpeopletoleave

fornotwearingmasks.Notforcefulandnotrude.Onthedoorreadasign:“Pleasewearamaskbeforeenteringour

restaurant.Wedon’tlikeiteither,butlet’salldowhatwecantogetthroughthistogether.”

Thegroupofyoungmenwishedtoargueaboutthenote.

Isatwatching,understandingbothsides.I’vebeenthoseguysbefore,usingmyyouthfuledgestochipawayat

theworld.WhatIlost,however,wastheabilitytogrowfromexperiencesbylookingthroughtheeyesofothers.In

learningtobemoreopen,I’vealsofoundmorehappinessandsuccess.

Youcanfitmoreroundedrocksinajarthanthosewithsharpedges.Theformerlookforwaystoadjustand

makeroomforothers;thelatternevergiveaninchtoaccommodateothers.

Time,likethewatersrollingagainstoncesharpstones,changesusbywashingawayourresistancetoseeingthe

worldfromanother’spointofview.

Iplacedaroundedstoneintomyjacketpocket.MotherNatureisholdingclassagain.

32.Whatdoestheauthorcomparetherocksto

A.People’sabilities.B.People’spersonalities.

C.Whatnatureoffersus.D.Challengeswecomeacross.

33.Whydidthegroupofguysargueintherestaurant

A.Theyweredissatisfiedwiththeowner’sattitudetothem.

B.Theywereunwillingtodowhattheownerwishedthemto.

C.Theyintendedtoskipoutonthebillduetothepoorservice.

D.Theywerenotallowedtoleavetherestaurantfortheirrudeness.

34.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotelluswiththistext

A.Weshouldadjusttonewconditions.

B.Bebravewheninthefaceofdifficultiesinlife.

C.It’snecessarytoconsiderthefeelingsofothers.

D.Beingopenandunderstandingbringsyoumorehappiness.

35.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext

A.ChangingwithTimeB.LearningfromNature

C.GrowingfromExperiencesD.SeeingfromaDifferentAngle

C

OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterfora

surgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.The57-year-oldMarylandresidenthadbeenhospitalizedfor

monthsduetoalifethreateningdisease.Hisheartwasfailinghimandheneededanewone.

Bennett’sconditionlefthimunresponsivetotreatmentandineligible(不合格)forthetransplantlistoran

artificialheartpump.Thephysician-scientistsatthecenter,however,hadanother-alsorisky-option:transplant(移植)

aheartfromagenetically-modifiedpig.

“Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant,”Bennetthadtoldsurgeonsadaybeforetheoperation.“Iwanttolive.I

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knowit’sashotinthedark,butit’salsomylastchoice.”

Ittookthemedicalteameighthourstofinishtheoperation,makingBennettthefirsthumantosuccessfully

receiveapig’sheart.“It’sworkinganditlooksnormal.Wearethrilled,butwedon’tknowwhattomorrowwillbring

us.Thishasneverbeendonebefore,”BarkleyGriffith,wholedthetransplantteam,toldtheNewYorkTimes.

Whileit’sonlybeenfivedayssincetheoperation,thesurgeonssaythatBennett’snewpigheartwas,sofar,

functioningasexpectedandhisbodywasn’trejecting(排斥)theorgan.Theyarestillmonitoringhiscondition

closely.

“Ithinkit’sextremelyexciting,”saysRobertMontgomery,transplantsurgeonanddirectoroftheNYULangone

TransplantInstitute,whowasnotinvolvedinBennett’soperation.Theresultoftheprocedurewasalsopersonally

meaningfulforMontgomery,whoreceivedahearttransplantin2023duetoageneticdiseasethatmayalsoaffect

membersofhisfamilyinthefuture.“It’sstillintheearlydays,butstilltheheartseemstobefunctioning.Andthatin

andofitselfisanextraordinarything.Uptonowmostexperimentalhearttransplantprocedureshavebeendone

betweenpigsandotheranimals.Thisisthefirsttimethatsurgeonshavetakenitintoalivinghuman.”

36.Whatdothewords“ashotinthedark”underlinedinParagraph3mean

A.Somethingthatcostsafortune.B.Somethingimpossibletosucceed.

C.Somethingdrawingpublicattention.D.Somethingwithanuncertainoutcome.

37.WhatisBarkleyGriffith’sattitudetoBennett’spost-operationcondition

A.Negative.B.Cautious.C.Optimistic.D.Uncaring.

38.Whatisthetextmainlyabout

A.Theheateddebateoverthepighearttransplant.

B.DavidBennett’scontributiontomedicalresearch.

C.Thefirstexperimentalpighearttransplantintheworld.

D.Thefirstsuccessfulpighearttransplantintoalivinghuman.

39.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear

A.PoliticalAffairs.B.GlobalEntertainment.

C.Sci-TechFront.D.FinancialWindow.

D

WomenwerelesslikelythanmentosupporttheVietnamwar,theGulfwar,ortheinvasionsofAfghanistanand

Iraq.Theycommitfarfewermurders.Theyarelesslikelytofavorstrikes.Forsomescholars,thesearegroundsfor

thinkingthataworldrunbywomenwouldbemorepeaceful.

ButEuropeanhistorysuggestsotherwise,accordingtopoliticalscientistsOeindrilaDubeandS.P.Harish.They

studiedhowoftenEuropeanrulerswenttowarbetween1480and1913,andfoundthatstatesruledbyqueenswere27%

morelikelytogetinvolvedinwarsthanthoseruledbykings.

Thiswasnotallthequeens’fault:men,seeingthemassofttargets,tendedtoattackthem.FredericktheGreatof

Prussiaoncedeclared:“Nowomanshouldeverbeallowedtogovernanything.”Shortlyafterbecomingking,he

attackedthenewlycrownedArchduchessofAustria,MariaTheresa,andseizedSilesiaprovince.Despiteyearsof

war,sheneverrecoveredit.

Butperceivedweaknessisnotthewholestory.Queens,theresearchersfound,weremorelikelytogainnew

territory.CatherinetheGreatexpandedherempirebysome200,000squaremiles.Andmarriedqueensweremore

aggressivethansinglequeensorkings,whethersingleormarried.

Theauthorssuggestseveralreasonsforthis.First,marriedqueensmayhavebeenabletoformmoremilitary

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alliances(联盟),makingthemconfidentenoughtopickfights.Theirhusbandshadoftenservedinthearmybefore

theymarried,andwerewellplacedtostrengthenmilitarytiesbetweentheirhomelandsandtheirwives’states.

Second,unlikemostkings,queensoftengavetheirhusbandsalotofpower,puttingtheminchargeofforeign

policyortheeconomy.Duringthe1740s,MariaTheresa’shusband,FrancisI,reformedtheAustrianeconomyand

raisedmoneyforthearmedforceswhilehiswiferuledmuchofcentralEurope.PrinceAlbertwasQueenVictoria’s

mosttrustedadviser,shapingherforeignpolicyuntilhisdeathin1861.Thisdivisionoflabor,theauthorssuggest,

freeduptimeforqueenstopursuemoreaggressivepolicies.

Themodernera,too,haswitnessedfemaleleadersinwars:GoldaMeirandtheYomKippurwar,orMargaret

ThatcherandtheFalklands.Thenumberofcountriesledbywomenhasmorethandoubledsince2000,butthereis

plentyofroomforimprovement:thecurrentlevelof15representslessthan10%ofthetotal.Aworldinwhichmore

womentookpowermightbemoreequal.Whetheritwouldbemorepeacefulisadifferentquestion.

40.Theunderlined“perceivedweakness”inParagraph4meansthat________.

A.womenwerelesslikelytosupportwars

B.womencouldnotrecoverlostterritory

C.womencommitfarfewercrimes

D.womenweresofttargets

41.Whyweremarriedqueensmorelikelytogainnewterritory

A.Becausetheirmilitaryalliancespickedfightsforthem.

B.Becausetheywereambitiousandaggressivebynature.

C.Becausetheirhusbandsweresupportiveinstategoverning.

D.Becausetheycentralizedallpowerintotheirownhands.

42.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningthetwofemaleleadersinthelastparagraph

A.Toimplythereisroomforimprovementingenderequality.

B.Toindicatemorefemalesbecomeleadersinmoderntimes.

C.Toillustratefemaleleaderscannotpreventwarsinmoderntimes.

D.Tosuggestfemaleleadershavetheirshareofwarsinmoderntimes.

43.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelyconcludethat________.

A.marriedwomenarenotfittogoverntheirstatesontheirown

B.femaleleadersshouldberesponsibleforallwarsthroughouthistory

C.theworldwouldn’tbemorepeacefulevenifmorewomentookpower

D.thedivisionoflaborallowsqueenstosurviveeconomiccrisis

四、信息还原（共5小题;每题1分，共5分）

阅读下面短文,，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nowadaysmanyofusarefindingourselvestiredout,strugglingtobuildbalancebackintoourlives.44Spendingtimenearoceans,lakes,riversandotherbulespacescanprovidearangeofbenefitsincludingreducinganxiety,easingmentaltirednessandrefreshingus.Hereissomeadviceonhowtotakeadvantageofthehealing

powerofwater.

45Youlikelyhavesomewatercloseby,evenifitisjustapondalongsidetheroad.Startthere.Thenget

outtowateryoucanvisitontheweekendoravacation.Urbanwatercounts-rivers,canalsandfountains.46

Ifyoucan’tgettoactualwater,thenpaintings,photographs,videosandmoviescanproducesomeofthesame

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benefits.Evenvirtualrealityhelps.

Gooften.Alittlebitmakesabigdifference.47Butanenvironmentalpsychologistfoundthatspending

asimilaramountoftimenearwaterhasthesamebenefits.Evenpeoplewholookintoaquariums(水族箱)havelower

heartratesandbettermoodsafterjust15minutes.

Listen.Oneofthemostcalmingcharacteristicsofwaterisitssound,typicallysteadyandsoft.Thewatersounds

peoplefindhavingthestrongesthealingpowerareraininarainforest,wavespattingabeach,andarunningstream.

Whenthesoundsoflivingthingsareaddedtothesoundsofwater,peoplelikethemevenbetter.Makeanaudio

recordingofyourfavoritewater.48

A.Rememberthatallwatercounts.

B.Itwillbringbackhappymemories.

C.Stayinaplacesurroundedbywater.

D.Accordingtoresearchers,watercanhelpus.

E.Sodoesdomesticwater-inpools,bathtubs,evenbyfishtanks.

F.Spendingsometimeeverydaynearwatercanspeedupourrecovery.

G.Ittakesatleasttwohoursaweekinnaturetoimproveourwell-being.

五、单词拼写（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）

49.Todayisthestartofanewtermandtheendofbeing▲(不成熟的).

50.Differencesinculturescan▲(导致)inabreakdownincommunication.

51.Youbrokemyheart,andI’mstillpickingupthe▲(碎片).

52.Sharing▲(经历)onsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressone’svalues.

53.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather▲(允许).

54.▲(给)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek,Amywashappy.

55.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbegins▲asinglestep.

56.Myparentsgivemeunconditionallove.Theylovemefor▲Iam.

57.Occasionsarenotuncommon▲wehavetocancelourplanduetosomethingunexpected.

58.Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthan▲whoarenot.

六、任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

TheCostofThinking

Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrains

andtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.

Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithother

animals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳动物)weighingsixty

kilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Weareso

fondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,

thatisnotthecase.

Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain-consumptionofenergy-onthebody.It’snoteasytocarryaround,

especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(颅骨).It’sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrain

accountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody’senergywhenthebodyisatrest.By

comparison,thebrainsofapes(类人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlarge

brainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.

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It’shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can’twinanargument

withamodernman,