艺考生课程-语法 第四十八讲

...v.2015年学大教育艺考生课程——语法第四十八讲主语从句适用学科英语适用年级高三年级适用区域人教版课时时长〔分钟〕60分钟知识点1.主语从句的概念构造式2.主语从句的引导词3.It作形式主语的主语从句4.what与that引导主语从句的区别教学目标让学生了解主语从句的用法，并会用正确的运用主从连接词教学重点1.主语从句的引导词2.It作形式主语的主语从句教学难点what与that引导主语从句的区别教学过程一、课堂导入课前练习：1、Itisstillunderdiscussion________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.A．whether B．when C．which D．Where2、Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A．how B．which C．that D．what3、________issurprisingisthattherearesomanyChineserestaurantsinToronto.A．It B．That C．Such D．What答案与解析：1、【答案】A【解析】解析：whether“是否〞句意：旧车站是否要被现代化的旅馆所代替仍在讨论中。2、【答案】D【解析】此题考察it作形式主语，空格后是一个主语从句，从句局部的动词do缺少宾语，此处所填单词既要引导主语从句，又在从句中作宾语，四个选项中有此功能的只有what。句意：总统能采取什么措施来完毕这场罢工根本不为人所知。3、【答案】D【解析】考察主语从句。句意：令人吃惊的是，在多伦多有这么多中国饭店。“Whatissurprising〞是主语从句，What在从句中作主语。复习预习教师出示上节课预留的练习题，针对上节课的作业进展讲评、订正、答疑，根据学生实际情况进展讲解分析；以提问、回忆的形式引导学生复习上节课内容；讲上面那三个题导入本节课所要学习的主语从句。三、知识讲解知识点1主语从句的概念及构造式概念：在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。位置：=1\*GB3①位于句首：+谓语动词〔+宾语〕Thathefinishedwritingthepositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.=2\*GB3②用it作形式主语，真正的主语从句置于句末：Itis+adj./v.ed/名词词组++从句It’snoneofyourbusinesswhereIwillspendmysummerholiday.知识点2：主语从句的引导词一〕that引导的主语从句〔1〕由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.你能得奖看起来不大可能。

Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.众所周知，光沿直线传播。Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢他不管我的事。〔2〕形式主语it替代主语从句位于句首，that引导真正的主语从句会放到句子二〕用连词whether/if引导的主语从句Whether/if有含义“是否〞在句中不做成分/不可以省。注意：主语从句置于句首时，不能用if，只能用whether。例如：Whetheryoulikehimornotisnoneofmybusiness.Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whethersheisingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.三〕用连接代词引导的主语从句在由连接代词who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.例如：Whatyouneedismorepractice.

WhatIwanttoknowisthis.Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.注：whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别四〕用连接副词引导的主语从句用连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等引导的主语从句从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Whereweshouldleaveitisaproblem.Whentheywillehasn’tbeenmadepubic.温馨提示：如果主语从句是由连接代词what,whatever,whoever等引导的，表示的是一个具体的东西或人时，这样的主语从句不能用it作形式主语。Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.Whateverwassaidherehasleftusmuchtoothink.知识点3：It作形式主语的主语从句形式主语it替代主语从句位于句首，that引导真正的主语从句会放到句子的后面。常用的句式主要有如下几种：1.It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisclearthat…很清楚……

Itislikelythat…很可能……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是……类似的形容词还有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.例如：Itwasreallyastonishingthatherefusedtotalktoyou.

Itisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.

Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.Itisnecessarythatyou〔should〕mastertheputer.ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.It’sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.2、It+系动词+名词+that从句如：Itisafactthat…事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息Itisaquestionthat………是个问题Itismonknowledgethat………是常识类似的名词还有：apity；awonder；agoodthing；nowonder；surprise等。例如：Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.Itismonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.3.It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句如:Itissaidthat…据说……

Itisreportedthat…据报道……

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……

Itmustbeprovedthat…必须指出……类似的过去分词还有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout,etc.例如：Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.

Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.4.It+特殊词+that从句如：Itseems〔happened/appears/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference/occurred…〕that…如：Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain.

IthappenedthatIsawhimyesterday.知识点4：what与that引导主语从句的区别由what和that引导的主语从句what和that都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外,还在主语从句中充当某些成分(主语、宾语或表语)。而that在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接词的作用。例如:Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.四、例题精析【例题1】________mattersmuch________theheadmastersupportsouractivity.A．It;whether

B．What;whetherC．As;that

D．That;if【答案】A【解析】it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。句意：校长是否支持我们的活动很重要。应选A项。【例题2】Although

_____

happened

in

this

developed

country

sounds

like

science

fiction,

it

could

occur

elsewhere

in

the

world.

A.

which

B.

what

C.

how

D.

it【答案】C【解析】考察主语从句，并在主语从句中作fear的宾语what的用法。【例题3】________isknowntousallisthattheChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.A．AsB．It

C．ThatD．What【答案】D【解析】what在这里引导主语从句，选D项。此题要注意分析句子构造，如果题目改为：①________isknowntousall,theChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.该句空处应用As,As引导非限制性定语从句；②________isknowntousallthattheChinesegovernmenthassparednoeffortstoprotectpeoplefromfakefood.该句空处那么应用It,It作形式主语。五、课堂运用【根底】1、________PremierWenJiabaovisitedtheUnitedStatesledtothecloserrelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.A．Which

B．WhatC．That

D．As【答案】C【解析】解析：句意：温家宝总理美国让两国之间的关系更加密切。“ThatPremierWenJiabaovisitedtheUnitedStates〞是主语从句，that在从句中只起连词作用，不作句子成分，本身没有词义，但是不可省略。2、Itisobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A．as

B．whichC．whether

D．that【答案】D【解析】解析：it是形式主语，代替后面的主语从句。主语从句构造完整，故用that引导。that在主语从句中不作成分，但不能省略。3、Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout，althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A.that

B.what

C.how

D.whether【答案】B【解析】解析：句意：尽管大约有两千名病人已经服用了这种药物，但是它会产生什么样的副作用现在还不能确定。根据句意可知应该选择B项引导主语从句。what在这里实际上是作为形容词来修饰后面的“sideeffect副作用〞。一起作从句中bringabout的宾语。【稳固】1、________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which

B.WhatC.That

D.Whom【答案】B【解析】解析：句意：“巴巴拉·琼斯给予她粉丝的是老实和快乐。〞“________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfans〞在句中作主语，为主语从句。what引导主语从句并且在从句中作offers的宾语，应选B项。which表示“哪一个〞；whom表示“谁〞。均不符合句意。2、Itiswellknowntousall____Chinasentupamannedspaceshiptoouterspacesuccessfullylastyear.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when【答案】A【解析】句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是由that引导的从句。3、Itisnolongeraquestionnowmancanlandonthemoon．A．thatB．ifCwhetherDwhat【答案】A【解析】it这里是形式主语，that后面是实际主语，人类到达月球现在已不再是问题了。【拔高】1、__________somemedalscametoliveintheseaisnotknown.A.WhichB.SinceC.AlthoughD.How【答案】D【解析】该句的从句由疑问副词how引导的主语从句。选项B、C中的since和a1though不能引导主语从句；选项A中的which虽能引导主语从句，但与some矛盾。2、________wedomorningexerciseseveryday_________usalotofgood.A.If;doB.That;doC.Whether;doesD.That;does【答案】D【解析】此题考察主语从句和主谓一致。that引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分，没有意义，但不能省略，单个的主语从句作主语谓语动词通常是单数。3、____itwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where【答案】B【解析】whether引导主语从句位于句首时,不可用if替换。课程小结本节课主要讲解以下内容：1、主语从句的概念构造式2、主语从句的引导词3、It作形式主语的主语从句4、what与that引导主语从句的区别5、高考题练习课后作业【根底】1.Itisaruleinhisfamilythat__________eshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.A.anybodyB.whoC.whothatD.whoever【答案】D【解析】whoever有两个词义：〔1〕nomatterwho，在这种用法时引导一个让步状语从句；〔2〕anybodythat，在这种用法时，它连接一个名词性从句，在此题中它连接的是主语从句。2.It’snolongaquestionnow____mencanlandonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what【答案】A【解析】It在句子中作形式主语，that引导的从句充当真正主语。3、________eswillbeweletotheopen­airconcert.A．Whatever B．WhoeverC．Nomatterwhat D．Nomatterwho【答案】B【解析】考察名词性从句。句意：无论是谁来参加露天音乐会，我们都欢送。此处Whoever引导主语从句，应选B项。nomatterwho只能引导让步状语从句，故排除D项；根据语意可知主语从句中所缺主语为人，故排除A和C项。【稳固】1、Itis________Tomoftenbreakstheschoolrules________makeshisteacherunsatisfiedwithhim.A．what；that B．that；whatC．that；that D．which；that【答案】C【解析】考察强调句型和主语从句。句意：是汤姆经常违反学校规定才让他的教师对他不满意的。本句是强调句型，被强调局部是主语从句thatTomoftenbreakstheschoolrules。2、________thead