第三部分-第二板块课件

第二板块第一讲

短文写作题型解读与评分细则第二讲

短文写作“三步曲”第三讲

高考热点话题集锦目录第一讲短文写作题型解读与评分细则一、考试说明中对短文写作的要求要求考生根据提示准确使用英语语法、词汇进行书面表达。考生应能：有效运用所学语言知识，准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；要求考生根据所给提示和相关要求，用英语写一篇120个单词左右的短文。提示包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提示的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。二、湖北高考短文写作的命题特点短文写作的题目含三个方面，以2012年湖北高考短文写作为例。请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。Youcannotchoosewhatyouaregiven,butyoucanchoosehowyoumakeuseofit.注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；④词数为120左右。第一项：说明写作要求，内含是否要求举例。考生应注意这一要求。分析近三年试卷，写作全部要求考生结合事例。事例分为多种，但一般来讲，事例有四个来源。一是来源于自己个人的生活、学习经历；二是来源于身边的事例；三是来源于校园生活事例；四是来源于教材等其他方面的事例。第二项：英语提示语。提示语的作用在于控制考生所写话题。因此，考生要认真审题，把握提示语的重心，不要写偏题。分析近三年的试卷，提示部分均采取了文字提纲的形式，但从湖北高考英语学科考试说明可知，这一部分除了文字以外，也可以是图片或图表，还可以是两种提示形式的结合。因此，考生要适应三种情况下的提示。第三项：提出短文写作的相关注意事项。从命题方向来看，其内容积极向上，具有一定的励志性；其方法上带有较明显的思辨特征，因此，考生所举事例的内容必须与提示语相一致，换言之，也就是事例能够说明提示语的中心思想，而且逻辑要清晰，结论要明了。三、评分原则、评分标准和评分示范

1.评分原则①本题总分为30分，按5个档次给分。②词数少于100，将分数降低一个档次。(酌情给分)③评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。评分档次的确定应在内容符合题目要求的前提下侧重于语言的表达。④评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容切题，语言表达准确、多样、连贯、得体。⑤拼写与标点符号是语言表达准确的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。⑥如书写太潦草，以致影响辨认，将分数降低一个档次。(实际要求：确实看不清楚可作为问题卷提交)2．各档次的给分范围和要求第五档25－30分完全完成了试题规定的任务。——所有内容与提示吻合。——应用了较丰富的语法结构和词汇。——语法结构与词汇应用准确，虽有个别错误，但不影响意义的表达；具备较强的语言运用能力。——恰当使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。完成了试题规定的任务。——主要内容与提示吻合。——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。——语法结构与词汇应用基本准确，个别错误对意义的表达有一定影响。——较恰当地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构较紧凑。达到了预期的写作目的。第四档19－24分基本完成了试题规定的任务。——主要内容与提示比较吻合。——应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务的要求。——有一些语法结构与词汇的错误，对意义的表达有较大影响。——基本能使用语句间的连接成分，全文结构比较松散。整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。第三档13－18分仅完成试题规定的部分任务。——主要内容与提示基本吻合。——语法结构单调，应用词汇有限。——有较多语法结构与词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。——语句间的连接成分运用不当，缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。第二档7－12分未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。(只有白卷、汉语、其他语言、拼音才给0分，只要写出超过五个单词，给1分)0分 未完成试题规定的部分任务。——主要内容与提示不太吻合。——语法结构单一，应用词汇十分有限。——有较多语法结构或词汇方面的严重错误，严重影响了意义的表达。——缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。第一档1－6分 四、阅卷现场感悟得分：15分[阅卷点评]1．本文主要内容与提示基本吻合。2．应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务的要求。有一些语法结构与词汇的表达错误，对意义的表达有较大影响。3．使用了语句间的连接成分，如but,and,so等，全文内容基本连贯，但结构较松散。4．整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。失分原因：1．词汇及语法结构错误较多。2．高级词汇、高级句式及复杂句式偏少。3．句与句之间的衔接不够自然流畅，全文结构较松散。得分：22分[阅卷点评]1．本文主要内容与提示基本吻合。2．使用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，表达基本准确。如：第一句的引用语作为文章开头非常出彩，itis＋adj.(＋forsb.)todosth.,takeadvantageof,doone'sutmost等。3．个别错误对意义的表达有一定影响。4．书写工整、整洁。5．较恰当地使用了句与句之间的衔接成分，如besides,eventually等。全文结构紧凑，达到了预期的写作目的。失分原因：1．个别标点混乱。2.有部分单词和短语表达不正确。3.高级表达较少，句型结构单一。得分：28分[阅卷点评]1．本文所写内容与提示吻合，中心突出，结论明了。2．本文使用了较多的高级词汇、语法结构及复杂句式，并且运用准确恰当。①高级词汇：varyfrom...to...,arouse,opposite,seemingly,unexpected,beoptimistic,burstinto,emphasize等。②复杂句式：多处使用定语从句和名词性从句，while作为并列连词表达对比意义，whatever引导让步状语从句，sothat引导目的状语从句等。3．本文是三段式作文，段落化分清晰明了。论点——举例说明——结论。4．书写整洁、美观。5．全文结构严谨，虽有几处词汇错误，但不影响意义的表达，完全达到了写作目的，属五档作文。失分原因：有个别词汇及语法错误。Abrilliantfutureiswhateverybodyislookingforwardto.Nevertheless,lifejustdoesn'talwaystreateveryoneequally.Somepeoplemaybefortunateenoughnottobebotheredbyhardshipsfrequently,andmeanwhilemostofushavetobefacedwithallkindsoftroublesomesituations.Aswecan'tchoosewhathasbeengiven,wecandoourbesttobestrongandpositiveinordertomakethebestofourlife.Herecomesatypicalexampleofmyfriend,Helen.Possessingbeautifulappearanceaswellasmodestattitude,sheusedtobethekindofgirlwhowasadoredbyeveryone.Unluckily,anunexpectedcaraccidenthappenedtoherwhenshewasjusttenyearsold.Shewasinjuredsoseverelythatthedoctorhadtocutoffherrightleg.Insteadofsurrenderingherselftodespair,shemaintainedanoptimisticattitudetowardslifeandalwaysworealovelysmileasbefore.Disabledasshewas,shemanagedtobecomeoneofthebeststudentsinherclass.HerstoryimpressedmesomuchthatI'velearnedsomethingsignificantfromitthatsometimesitisn'tdestinythatdefeatsyoubutyourownchoice.Ifyouarestrongenough,thereisnothingthatcanprohibityoutohaveabettertomorrow.[满分缘由]1．本文所有内容与提示吻合，所举事例完全能够说明提示语的中心思想。2．本文语言丰富，句式多变，运用的高级词汇和语法结构准确得体。①高级词汇：befortunatetodosth.,befacedwith,typical,inorderto,possess,modest,adore,aswellas,managetodosth.,happentosb.等。②复杂句式：what引导名词性从句，here开头的倒装句式，possessing...分词短语作状语，so...that...句式，itwas...that...强调句型，as意为“尽管”的倒装句式，not...but...句式等。3．本文语言流畅，可读性强，表现了作者的深厚的英语语言功底。如：副词nevertheless,meanwhile,unluckily等的使用，使全文结构紧凑，句与句之间过渡与衔接自然流畅。4．语言地道，无词汇及语法错误，完全达到了预期的写作目的。Ⅰ.阅读下面短文，根据评分原则，指出短文中的优点，并尝试评分[题目要求]请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就与人合作这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。Workingingroupsatschoolisanopportunitytolearnaboutteamwork.Teamworkshowsushowotherpeople'srolesfitthepurposeofthegroup,anditteachestobepatientandhowtorespondtodifferentpeople.注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例；④文中不得透漏个人姓名和学校名称；⑤词数为120左右。[学生写作]Yearsofschoollifehastaughtmealotofthings,ofwhichteamworkisthemostimportantforme.ItwasthreeyearsagowhenIwaschosenmonitorofmyclassinmyseniormiddleschool.Atfirst,Ididmostofthedutiesmyselfwhileotherstudentscaredlittleaboutclassactivities.Asaresult,Iwastiredoutanddepressed.Havingsufferedforalongtime,Iturnedtomyteacherandheadvisedmetocooperatewithothers.ThusIbegantorecognizethestrengthsofmyclassmatesandhaveeveryonedotheirpartinclass.短文紧扣要点，举例说明了合作的重要性。文中使用了多种句式：定语从句、状语从句、并列句、强调句。由于使用了一些过渡词，因此句子之间逻辑顺序自然。

Itisworkinginteamsinsteadofonmyownthathasfreedmeoftroubleandmademyworkmoreefficient.

点评：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________得分：______分29Ⅱ.根据以下提示，结合事例，用英语写一篇短文Whatyouhadfeltwasalossendedupwhatyougained.注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；④词数为120左右。______________________________________________________________________________________________________参考范文：

Inourdailylife,manythingswillhappentous.Somepeoplefeeltheygainsomethingwhileothersfeeltheylosesomething.Theirfeelingsaredeterminedbytheirattitudetowardswhathashappenedtothem.Istillrememberanincidentwhichhappenedyearsago.Wehadamathstest.Iwasgoodatitandthetestwasn'tdifficulttome,soIfinisheditquicklyandthoughtIwouldscoreafullmark.Buttomysurpriseanddisappointment,Ifailedbecauseofmycarelessness.Ifeltashamed.Throughthisexperience,Iunderstoodsuchalesson:WhateverIdo,Imustbecareful.Icongratulatedmyselfonacquiringapositiveattitudetowardsthings.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatwegetorlose.Sometimes,losingsomethingdoesn'tmeanabadthing.Wecangainsomethingvaluablefromloss.第二讲短文写作“三步曲”[典题示例]请根据以下提示，结合你校园学习生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文。Beingrealfriendsmeanshelpingyououtwhenyouareintrouble.注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③内容必须结合你校园生活中的一个事例；④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；⑤词数为120左右。第一步：审题审题包括仔细阅读题中汉语和英语以及其他信息，以便弄清写作要求，保证写作不偏题。审题过程：1．根据汉语提示可知，考生需要提供校园学习生活的一个事例。2．根据英语提示可知，真正的朋友总会在你困难之时向你伸出援助之手，所举事例必须围绕这一主题来写。第二步：构思在审题的同时，除考虑事例外，要积极构思，在头脑中搜索可以使用的词语和句式。构思过程：1．写好topicsentence①It'struethatrealfriendsarethosewhohelpuswhenwegetintotrouble.②Asanoldsayinggoes,agoodfriendinneedisafriendindeed.③Besidesourteachersandparents,whoaremostlikelytohelpuswhenwemeetwithdifficultyinstudies?Ofcourse,itisourfriends.④Realfriendsnotonlyshareourhappinessandsorrowsbutalsohelpeachothersincerely.2．写好example①IhadtroublewithmyEnglish.(details...)②Ifounditdifficultformetorememberallthosenewwords.③Idaren'treadEnglishaloudbecauseIwasafraidofbeinglaughedatbymyclassmates.④GraduallyIlostheartinthesubject,whichmademyEnglishworse.3．写好details①HehelpedmewithmyEnglish.(detail...)②HeencouragedmetoreadaloudtheEnglishtextsinthemorning.③HeofferedtopracticeEnglishwithme.④HegavemesomeusefuladviceonhowtolearnEnglish.4．写好summary/result①FinallyIrealizeitisLiHuawhoismyrealfriend.②Asaresult,myEnglishhasimprovedalot.③Withhisselflesshelp,IhavemadegreatprogressinmyEnglish.参考范文：Agoodfriendinneedisafriendindeed.LiHua,oneofmyclassmates,issuchafriendinmyschoollife.WhenIbeganmyjuniormiddleschoolyears,IhadmuchdifficultyinlearningEnglish.Ifounditwastoohardformetomemorizeallthenewwords.Ievencouldn'tfollowtheEnglishteacher.IdarednotreadEnglishaloudinclassbecauseofmypoorpronunciation.Afraidofbeinglaughedat,IneverputupmyhandtoanswerquestionsinEnglishclassactively,whichmademyEnglishworse.WhenLiHuafoundoutmysituation,heoftenencouragedmeandofferedtopracticeEnglishwithme.Withhishelp,IbecameinterestedinEnglishgraduallyandmyEnglishhasbeguntoimproveeversince.第三步：撰写在写短文时，要反复默读所写内容，保证句子之间的逻辑衔接到位，同时注意长短句的分配和不同句式的使用。始终保持卷面整洁。Ⅰ.根据短文内容，选择句子在短文中的适当位置[题目要求]请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文。Musicismorethanjustsound.Itisacomfortofoursoul,areliefofourlifeandevenawayofthinking.Withoutmusic,lifeisajourneythroughadesert.注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；④词数为120左右。A．Bathedintheworldofmusic,strangersfromdifferentcountrieswillquicklygettoknoweachotherandunderstandother'sculturesmuchbetter.B．Justtrymanydifferentstylesofmusic,andalwaysrememberthatmusicisneverawasteofyourtime.C．Inasense,musiccanhelppeoplefindthevirtueofhumanbeingandliveinharmony.D．Musicrelaxesourmindandbodywhenweareundergiantpressure,encouragesandexcitesuswhenwefeellow.Musicismorethanjustsound.Itisacarrierofpeople'sthinking,whichimpliestheirlifeexperience,thoughtsandwisdom.①__________________.②__________________.Sometimes,withthehelpofmusic,wecangetridofthedesperatedifficultiesthatweface,andrestorethemuchneededconfidenceandself­esteemforourselves.③__________________.So,music,asfarasIbelieve,isoneofthebestkeystoopeningupthewisdomofmankind.④__________________.

答案：①C②D③A④BⅡ.阅读下面诗歌，结合自己的感悟，用英语写一篇短文DreamsHoldfasttodreamsForifdreamsdieLifeisabroken­wingedbirdThatcanneverflyHoldfasttodreamsForwhendreamsgoLifeisabarrenfieldFrozenonlywithsnow注意：①无须写标题；②不得照抄提示语；③词数为120左右。参考范文：

Dreamsisaninspiringpoem,whichsetsreadersthinkingandgivesthemenormousencouragementandconfidence.Weallhavedreamswewouldliketoaccomplish.Dreamsareindispensabletoourworkandlife.Justasthepoemsays,lifewithoutadreamisabarrenfield.However,justcherishingdreamsarefarfromenough.Whatweshoulddoistoholdfasttothem,ortheywillneverbeaccessible.Inordertomakeourdreamscometrue,wearesupposedtostrengthenourwillandworkoutcarefulplans,whichwillmakedetailswellorganized;meanwhile,weshouldbeconfidentenoughevenifweencounterdifficultiesattimes,andkeepinmindthatthingswillnotalwaysgoonassmoothlyasexpected.Nevergiveuponyourdreamsandneverbebroken­wingedbirdsⅢ.请根据以下提示，结合你生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈经过和感想Itisafunnyexperiencewhenyoufindwhatyouthinkismissing.注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③内容必须结合你校园生活中的一个事例；④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；⑤词数为120左右。参考范文：

Inourdailylife,everyonemusthavelostthings.Somecouldbefoundatlast,butsomeofthemcouldn'tbefoundforever.Ihadanunforgettableexperience.

Oneday,Iwenthomehappily.IwasabouttolookatmywatchwhenIfoundmywatchgone.Iwasveryworried.Ilookedforiteverywherebutinvain.Thoughnotveryexpensive,itisimportantforme.Itisthegiftthatmyparentsgavetomeformyfifteenthbirthday.Twodayslater,tomysurprise,Ifoundmywatch,whichmademeoverjoyed.Theexperiencehasadeepimpressiononme.Itmakesmerealizethatitmaybeapitytouswhenweloseourparents'gifts.Ishouldtakegoodcareofthewatchandavoidmissingitagain.Ⅳ.请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的感受Thephoto,shotonNovember23,2012onthewesternshoresofHudsonBayinManitoba,Canada,showsanundernourished(营养不良)polarbearmotherandhertwostarvingcubsstrugglingtosurvive.Duetotheglobalenvironmentalchangetheysufferedstarvationforseveralweeks.Boththecubspassedawaywithintwodaysofthephotographing.注意：①无须写标题；②不得照抄提示语；③词数为120左右。参考范文：

I'mdeeplyshockedandsaddenedbythelossofthetwolovelyyoungpolarbears.

Idarenotimaginehowheartbrokenthemotherbearisandhowsheweeps.Meanwhile,Ican'tresistexploringthequestion:Didtheyreallydieofstarvation?Butmyspecialconsciencewhispersinmyearthatitisnothungerbuthumanbeingsthathaveclaimedtheirlives.Nodoubtmankindistoblamefortheglobalwarming,whichhasresultedinthedestructionoftheirhabitatsandthustheshortageoftheirfood.Myfellows,it'shightimethateveryoneledalow­carbonlifetofightagainsttheglobalwarmingsoastosaveourselvesaswellasthoseendangeredanimals.Ⅴ.请根据以下提示，结合事例，用英语写一篇短文Abadmood(心情)willhaveanegativeeffectonus,soitisimportanttoturnabadmoodintoagoodone.注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；④词数为120左右。参考范文：

Lastweek,Ididn'tpassmymathexamination.MyparentssaidIletthemdownandmymathteacherwasespeciallyangrywithme.

Atthattime,Iwassodepressedandgloomyasifmyworldwasatanend.ButwhatmyfriendLilytoldmeenlightenedme.Shesaidyesterdaywashistory,tomorrowwasamystery,andtodaywasapresent.ItdawnedonmethatIcan'tletwhathappenedbeforeruinmyprecioustoday.Icheeredmyselfupanddeterminedtofacethefollowingchallengesconfidently.

Finally,IgotridofthisbadmoodandbecamehappyagainbecauseIlearnedalotfrommyexperience.第三讲高考热点话题集锦1．写作话题：Frustrationandfailure提示语：Ifthereisanysinglefactorthatmakesforsuccessinourlife，itistheabilitytoprofitfromfrustration.素材：Don'tconfusefrustrationwithfailure.Ifso,youaredoomed(注定)tofail.Itisn'tfrustrationthatmakesyoufail.Infact,youshouldseeinittheguideandencouragementforsuccess.2．写作话题：Volunteerandhappiness提示语：Itistruethatsomeofthehappiestpeopleintheworldarethosewhohelptobringhappinesstoothers.素材：Eachnationhasmanypeoplewhohelptotakecareofothers.Forexample,somehighschoolandcollegestudentsintheU．S.A.oftenspendmanyhoursasvolunteersinthehospitals,orphanagesorresthomes.3．写作话题：Friendship

提示语：Ifyouareintrouble,realfriendswillsurroundyouandremovethebarriersforyou.素材：WeadmirethegreatfriendshipbetweenMarxandEngel,whichfirmlycombinedthemandpushedthemforwardontheroadtoexploringandfulfillingCommunism.4．写作话题：Dreamandreality提示语：Everyonehasdreams.However,mostofthedreamscan'tbeachieved.素材：Somepeoplewanttoberich,dreamingofbecomingmillionairesovernight.Otherswanttobefamous,dreamingofsuddenlyjumpingtogreatfame.However,IknewverywellthatIcouldnotsucceedwithoutpainstakingefforts.5．写作话题：Importantchangesinlife提示语：Somethingbadturnsouttobeagreatgain.素材：Sometimesthingshappentoyouthatmayseemhorrible,painful,andunfairatfirst,butuponreflectionyoufindthatwithoutovercomingthoseobstaclesyouwouldneverhaverealizedyourpotentialandstrength.6．写作话题：Dependenceandindependence提示语：Dependingonyourselfiswhatnaturesaystoeveryman.素材：Asamandevelops,hegetshelpfromotherscontinuously.Parentscanhelpyou.Teacherscanhelpyou.Othersstillcanhelpyou.Butallthesepeopleonlyhelpyoutohelpyourself.7．写作话题：Mistakesandprogress提示语：Mistakesanderrorsarethedisciplinethroughwhichweadvanceinlife.素材：Mistakesaregreatteachers.Successcomestothosewhoarewillingtoriskmakingmistakesinthepursuitoftheirgoalsandaspirations,andwhoareabletolearnfromthosemistakes.Mistakesarelessonsofwisdom.Thepastcannotbechanged.Thepresentisyetinyourpowerandtakefulladvantageofitinachievingyourgoals.8．写作话题：Failureandlearning提示语：Failureisneverpleasurable.Ithurtsgrown­upsandchildrenexactlyalike.Butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.素材：Failuresareapartofourlives.Everyfailureisasteppingstonetosuccess.Failureteachesusalot.Itguidesandinspiresustoputinmoreefforts.9．写作话题：Thevalueofreadingbooks

提示语：Booksareourfriends.Booksareourteachers.素材：Peopleoftensaythatgoldandsilverarethemostvaluablethingsintheworld.ButIdon'tthinkso.Inmyopinion,toreadbooksismorevaluablethananythingelse.10．写作话题：Perseveranceandwin提示语：Tryandtryuntilyousucceed.素材：ThissayingshowstheimportanceofperseveranceandIhavefoundinmyexperiencethatonlythroughhardworkcanwesucceed.11．写作话题：Wealthandhappiness提示语：Itistruethatwithenoughmoneyonecanbuyallthethingsonewants,andlivealifeofcomfortandsecurity.However,moneydoesnotnecessarilymeanhappiness.素材：Itisequallytruethatlackofmoneymaycausegreatdistress.However,therearestillmanyotherthingsthatcannotbeboughtwithmoney:health,life,happiness,friendship,loveandsoon.12．写作话题：Studyandplay提示语：Asthesayinggoes,“AllworkandnoplaymakeJackadullboy.”素材：Alifeburdenedwithworkleadsyounowhere,foryouwouldgettiredandboredwithyourdailyroutinework.13．写作话题：Confidenceandsuccess提示语：Failureisthemotherofsuccess素材：Asweallknow,failureisthemotherofsuccess.ButIjustwanttosay“Successisthebabyofconfidence.”14．写作话题：Teacher­studentrelationship提示语：Teacher­studentrelationshipplaysanimportantroleinschoollife.素材：Agoodr