英语写作中的常见错误

2023/7/22byWuJoy1英语写作中的常见错误2023/7/22byWuJoy2一、不一致(Disagreements)

所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致、及代词不一致等.例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么.)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.改为：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)2023/7/22byWuJoy3例2.EveryboyandgirlinGrade6areeagertowinthecontest.不定代词anybody,everybody,each,every,anyone,nobody,somebody等，通常都跟单数谓语动词。改为：EveryboyandgirlinGrade6iseagertowinthecontest.2023/7/22byWuJoy4Useeitherasingularorpluralformofthewordsinbracketstofillineachblank.1.Sixtyhours____theamountofworktimeIcontractedfor.(be)2.Thejury_______toreachitsdecisionveryquickly.(expect)3.Hebelievesthatathletics________schoolmorale.(improve)4.Sheisoneofthewomenwho_____thiscountrywhatitis.(make)isexpectsimprovesmake2023/7/22byWuJoy5二.修饰语错位(MisplacedModifiers)英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解.例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末.2023/7/22byWuJoy6例2.Thestoryhetoldatfirstsoundedveryinteresting.这个句子意思不明确，会让人感到难以理解。改为：Thestoryhetoldsoundedveryinterestingatfirst.2023/7/22byWuJoy7Findanymisplacedmodifierinthefollowingsentences,andthenimprovethem1.Theyaresweepingthefloorwearingmasks.Wearingmasks,theyaresweepingthefloor.2.Thedriversaretoldtodrivecarefullyontheradio.Thedriversaretoldontheradiotodrivecarefully.2023/7/22byWuJoy83.ShehappilydepositedthemoneyshehasearnedteachingEnglishinhersavingsaccount.ShehappilydepositedinhersavingsaccountthemoneyshehasearnedteachingEnglish.4.Ialmostspenttwohoursonthisexercise.Ispentalmosttwohoursonthisexercise.2023/7/22byWuJoy9三.句子不完整(SentenceFragments)

在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析：Thisisanexamplesentenceofphrasefragment.本句后半部分"forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句.改为：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.2023/7/22byWuJoy10例2.MyparentsalwaysafraidthatImaygetlost.Manywritersoftenforgettoputinalinkingverborauxiliaryverb,thusproducingfragmentswithoutverbs.Thisisanexample.

改为：MyparentsarealwaysafraidthatImaygetlost.2023/7/22byWuJoy11Trytocorrectthefollowingsentences:1.Youcan’tringherupnow.Forit’salreadymidnight.Youcan’tringherupnow,forit’salreadymidnight.2.I’llmeetyouinthelibrary.Atfourintheafternoon.I’llmeetyouinthelibraryatfourintheafternoon.2023/7/22byWuJoy123.Shestoodbythewindow.Andlookedatthestreetbelow.Shestoodbythewindowandlookedatthestreetbelow.4.Youeverseenherlately?

Haveyoueverseenherlately?2023/7/22byWuJoy13四.悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中"attheageoften"只点出十岁时，但没有说明”谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了.改为：WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.剖析：句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚.改为：Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.Someparticipleorinfinitivephraseslikegenerallyspeaking,Judgingby,tobefrank,totellyouthetruth,etcareusedtomodifierthewholesentence.Theyshouldnotbeconsideredasdanglingmodifiers.2023/7/22byWuJoy14Identifyanydanglingmodifierinthefollowingsentences,andthenmakeimprovementswherenecessary.1.Onenteringtheoffice,manyquestioningeyeswerefixedontheboss.Onenteringtheoffice,thebossmetwithmanyquestioningeyes.2.Tobefrank,you’rereallyfunny.3.Coveredwithsnow,Ifindthebamboomoreattractive.Coveredwithsnow,thebamboobecamemoreattractive.2023/7/22byWuJoy154.Tobuyagoodcomputer,manyfactorsshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Tobuyagoodcomputer,youhavetotakemanyfactorsintoconsideration.5.Checkingcarefully,aseriousmistakewasfoundinthedesign.Checkingcarefully,theyfoundaseriousmistakeinthedesign.6.Judgingbywhatyousaid,hehasdonequiteagoodjob.2023/7/22byWuJoy16五.词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等.例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析：negative系形容词，误作动词。改为：Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.2023/7/22byWuJoy171.Lifeisbeauty,happyanddifficult.Lifeisbeautiful,happyanddifficult.

2.Everyonehashisownattitudetotreatlife.Everyonehashisownattitudetolife.3.Iwanthimtogowithusevenhedoesn’twantto.Iwanthimtogowithusevenifhedoesn’twantto.4.Thestudentsagainsttheplanmadebytheteacher.Thestudentsareagainsttheplanmadebytheteacher.5.Duringschool,hewrotehisfirstnovel.Whileatschool,hewrotehisfirstnovel.6.Straightroadsgoesstraightlyfromoneplacetoanother.Straightroadsgoesstraightfromoneplacetoanother.2023/7/22byWuJoy18六.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.剖析：句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.2023/7/22byWuJoy19Correctanymistakeintheuseofpronouns.Whenapersonreadsaboutanaturaldisasterinanothercountry,ithardlyaffectsyou.OfcourseIfeelbadandupsetwhenpeoplegetkilled.Butasthesedisastershappenthousandsofmilesawayfromyouandbecausetheydon’taffectyourownlife,peoplearen’ttraumatizedbythem.Ifafloodkilledaclosefriendofmine,youwouldbemoreemotionallyupset.2023/7/22byWuJoy20Whenwereadaboutanaturaldisasterinanothercountry,ithardlyaffectsus.Ofcoursewefeelbadandupsetwhenpeoplegetkilled.Butasthesedisastershappenthousandsofmilesawayfromusandbecausetheydon’taffectourownlife,wearen’ttraumatizedbythem.Ifafloodkilledaclosefriendofours,wewouldbemoreemotionallyupset.2023/7/22byWuJoy21七.不间断句子(Run-onSentences)什么叫run-onsentence?请看下面的例句。例1.Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.或：Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutsideworld.例2.Youcan’tgohomenow,itisrainingsoheavily.该句用逗号将表达两个意思句子连接，在英语中是不符合语法的，应该将其中一个变成从句。改为：Youcan’tgohomenowsinceitisrainingsoheavily.2023/7/22byWuJoy22Revisethefollowingsentences:1.IfinishedmyworkthenIwenttobed.2.Vegetablesaregoodtoyourhealthhowever,overeatingthemwillalsobeharmful.3.Nobodywillbuythesenovels,theyaretooexpensive.Ifinishedmywork,andthenIwenttobed.Vegetablesaregoodtoyourhealth.However,overeatingthemwillalsobeharmful.Nobodywillbuythesenovels,theyaretooexpensive.2023/7/22byWuJoy235.PeoplewatchTVfordifferentreasonssotheirjudgmentnaturallydiffers.4.Heheardlaughterinsidethehouse,nooneansweredthedoor.5.PeoplewatchTVfordifferentreasonstheirjudgmentnaturallydiffers.Heheardlaughterinsidethehouse,butnooneansweredthedoor.2023/7/22byWuJoy24八.措词毛病(TroublesinDiction)

Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例1.Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“theincreasinguse(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusiveuse(滥用)”。改为：Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.2023/7/22byWuJoy25Correctthemisusedwordsinthefollowingsentences1.Thelittleboywasmouse-hearted.2.Thatpoliticianisarespectablefigureinthepoliticalarena.3.Wesatdownbytheoaktree,enjoyingthewindcomingfromthelake.4.Socialhabitsvaryfromcountrytocountry.5.MyfatheropenedthecurtainalittleleastIseehim.6.Ouruniversitycancontain4,000students.chicken-heartedstatesmanbreezecustomsdrawbackaccommodate2023/7/22byWuJoy26九.累赘(Redundancy)

言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。已经用过的介词或代词不要重复使用。如：Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.再如：Formanypeople,theyfindgrammarboring.本句中主语其实已经隐含在介词短语中，因此可以将此句修剪为：Manypeoplefindgrammarboring.2023/7/22byWuJoy27Improvethefollowingsentences.1.Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.2.Timeisthekindofthingthatyoucannotcontrolitwithyourwill.Becausehewasscolded,therefore,theboybangedthedoorandranout.3.Variousdifferentsourcesallprovidethesamestatistics4.Employeescooperatedtogethertocompletetheproject.﹨Diligent,caringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.＼＼＼＼2023/7/22byWuJoy28Heboughttheredone,becauseitismorecheaper.Noonedidnothing.Atpresent,miniskirtisoutoffashion.Maryshowedherfriendsthehouseinwhichsheusedtolivein.＼anything＼＼＼＼2023/7/22byWuJoy29十.综合性语言错误(ComprehensiveMis