用it表达的强调句公开课

TheUseof“it”forEmphasisGrammar

强调句型的结构为Itis/was…that/who…，用来强调除谓语以外的任何成份。被强调的部分放在is/was的后面。如果被强调的是人，则后面用who或that；如果被强调的是物或其他情况，则一律用that。如：ItwasJimwho/thatshotabearyesterday.强调主语JimItwasabearthatJimshotyesterday.强调宾语abearItwasyesterdaythatJimshotabear.强调时间状语yesterday学习强调句型应该注意的几个问题：

1.如果被强调的是句子的状语，则不可用when,where或because等相应的词，而必须用that。如：

Itwas

onthebus

thatImetheryesterday.

强调地点状语onthebus，注意不能用where。

Itwas

whenIwasinthekitchen

thatIheardanexplosion.

强调时间状语whenIwasinthekitchen，注意不可用when。

2.如果被强调部分是名词或代词的复数形式，系动词仍然用is或was。如：Itwas

thosechildrenthatIsawplayingbythepond.

尽管强调的是thosechildren，是复数，仍然用was。

Itwas

stupidstudentswho/thatdon’taskquestions.

尽管强调的是stupidstudents，是复数，仍然用is。3.在强调主语时，that/who后的谓语应与前面被强调的主语保持一致。如：

Itisyouwhoarewrong.

are与you保持一致

ItisIwhoamwrong.

am与I保持一致

ItisMrWilsonwho/thatisthechairman.

is与MrWilson保持一致4.在强调until引出的时间状语时，其句型为：Itisnotuntil…that…，一般多译成汉语的肯定句。如：

Itwasnotuntil1972thatwebeganstudyingEnglish.

直到1972年我们才开始学习英语。

ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatInoticedit.

我一直到昨天才注意到它。

5.该句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit…that…?如：

IsitMrWilsonthatisthechairman?

Isitnotuntilyesterdaythatyounoticedit?

注意：在强调when,where,who,what等时，须将这类特殊疑问词放在句首。如：

Whenwasitthatthestorytookplace?

而不说：

Wasitwhenthatthestorytookplace?

Whatisitthatyouhavetosell?

而不说：Isitwhatthatyouhavetosell?6.由since/as引导的原因状语不可以作为被强调的部分。如不能说：Itwassinceitraisedsomanydifficultquestionsthatthebooktookalongtimetocomeout.

这是因为由since/as引导的原因状语从句通常是一种已知信息，而已知信息是不需要强调的。如果原因状语从句由because引出，则为未知信息，所以because引出的分句可以作为强调句中被强调的部分。如:Itwasbecauseitraisedsomanydifficultquestionsthatthebooktookalongtimetocomeout.7.由though/although引导的让步状语从句及条件状语从句等也通常不能作为强调句中的被强调部分。如：

Thenativesweregenerousalthoughtheywerepoor.

不可以改写成：

Itwasalthoughtheywerepoorthatthenativesweregenerous.8.判断是否为强调句的标准：如果将句中的itis/was和that/who去掉，看剩余的部分结构是否完整，句意是否明了，如果是，则为强调句型。如：

ItwasMarythathaswonthefirstplace.

将句中的itwas和that去掉，原句变为：

Maryhaswonthefirstplace.

句子结构完整，表意明确，故原句为强调句。再如：

ItissurprisingthatMaryshouldhavewonthefirstplace.

如果将itis和that去掉，那么原句变为:Maryshouldhavewonthefirstplacesurprising.

这个句子不完整，所以原句不是强调句型。此句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。

Moreexamples:

ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatInoticedit.

将这个句子中itwas和that去掉，原句为:

Inoticedityesterday.

句子结构完整，表意明确，说明这是一个强调句型。再如：

ItwasthosechildrenthatIsawplayingbythepond.

将句中的itwas和that去掉，则变成：

Isawthosechildrenplayingbythepond.

该句是一个完整的句子，故原句为强调句。ExercisesI.Rewritethesentences,emphasizingtheunderlinedpart.

1.Inearlytimespeopletraveledonfootoronhorseback.

Itwasinearlytimesthatpeopletraveledonfootoronhorseback.

2.Herdiligenceearnedhertherespectofherteachers.

Itwasherdiligencethatearnedhertherespectofherteachers.3.TheyweretalkingabouttheOlympicGames.

ItwastheOlympicGamesthattheyweretalkingabout.4.HeleftthedaythatIarrived.

ItwasthedaythatIarrivedthatheleft.5.Thechildrenoftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.

Itisthechildrenwhooftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.6.In1993,atomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferentfromanygrownbefore.

Itwasin1993thatatomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferentfromanygrownbefore.7.ThebiggestproblemofChinesefarmersistheshortageofarableland.

ItistheshortageofarablelandthatisthebiggestproblemforChinesefarmers.8.Theplantsgrowningreenhousesareprotectedfromthewind,rainandinsects.

Itistheplantsgrowningreenhousesthatareprotectedfromthewind,rainandinsects.9.Futureagricultureshoulddependonhightechnologyaswellastraditionalmethods.

Itishightechnologyaswellastraditionalmethodsthatfutureagricultureshoulddependon.II.Rewritethesentencesbelow,emphasizingasmanypartsaspossible.

1.HenrygaveGeorgeanewtieforhisbirthdaylastyear.

ItwasHenrywhogaveGeorgeanewtieforhisbirthdaylastyear.ItwastoGeorgethatHenrygaveanewtieforhisbirthdaylastyear.

ItwasanewtiethatHenrygaveGeorgeforhisbirthdaylastyear.ItwaslastyearthatHenrygaveGeorgeanewtieforhisbirthday.2.Duringthatperiodoftimetheymadethreeimportantdiscoveries.

Itwasduringthatperiodoftimethattheymadethreeimportantdiscoveries.

Itwasthreeimportantdiscoveriesthattheymadeduringthatperiodoftime.Itwastheywhomadethreeimportantdiscoveriesduringthatperiodoftime.3.SomepeopleinSouthAmericastillpracticethiskindoffarming.

ItisinSouthAmericathatsomepeoplestillpracticethiskindoffarming.ItissomepeopleinSouthAmericawhostillpracticethiskindoffarming.ItisthiskindoffarmingthatsomepeopleinSouthAmericastillpractice.III.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;that B.until;that C.until;when D.when;when2.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.that B.while C.inwhich D.then3.ItwasthroughJack____MarygottoknowBob.A.who B.whomC.how D.that4.Itwas_____Iwentthere_____Ibegantoknowsomethingaboutthematter.A.until;that B.notuntil;when C.notuntil;that D.notwhen;that5._____youhavetosell?A.Isitwhatthat B.Whatitisthat C.Whatisitwhich D.Whatisitthat6.It’sthethirdtime_____Ihavebeenthere.A.that B.which C.when D.whether7.—Wereallfivepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?—No,______onlytwowhogothurt.A.thereare B.theywereC.itwas D.thereis8.Ican’tremember_____youstartedtodoyourexperiment.A.thatitwaswhen B.whenitwasthat C.whenwasitthat D.whatitwasthat9.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater____Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.

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A.