第40讲-阅读理解(二)课件

第40讲阅读理解(二)英语阅读理解。(2014，重庆)RachelCarsonwasbornintheUSAonMay，1907.Hermother，MariaCarson，hadbeenaschoolteacher.Shealsolovednature.SheshowedRachelthebeautyofnature.ShealsotaughtRacheladeeploveforbooks.Asaquietchild，Rachellikedtoreadandwritestories.Ataveryearlyage，shedecidedshewantedtobeawritersomeday.Herstoryfirstappearedinachildren'smagazinewhenshewastenyearsold.Herfirstbook，Under

the

Sea

Windcameoutin1941.In1948，MissCarsonbeganworkingonanotherbook，The

Sea

Around

Us.Shealwaysrememberedcarefullywhenshewrote.ShecollectedinformationfrommorethanonethousandplacestowriteThe

Sea

Around

Us.Whenthebookcameoutin1951，itwontheNationalBookAward.ItwasNo.1onthebest­sellerlistformorethanayear.The

Sea

Around

UsmadeRachelCarsonfamous.RachelCarson'smostfamousbook，Silent

Springcameoutin1962.Inthisbook，shepointedoutthattheuseofsomekindsofpesticides(杀虫剂)likeDDTwouldcausethenumberofbirdstodeclinebecauseitwouldkillthemaswell.Finally，inNovember1969，theUnitedSatesgovernmentdecidedthattheuseofDDTmuststopintwoyears.RachelCarsonhasbeenregardedasagreatenvironmentalist(环保主义者)andwriter.Shewillberememberedbytheworld.1．RachelCarsonhadadeeplovefornatureandbooksbecauseof__B__．A．herfather

B．hermotherC．herschoolteacherD．herbrother2．Racheldecidedthatshewantedtobeawriterwhen__A__．A．shewasveryyoungB．shewasincollegeC．shebecameateacherD．shebecamefamous3．TheChinesemeaningoftheword“decline”inthispassageisprobably“__B__”．A．增加B．减少C．维持D．翻番4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？__D__A．RachelCarsonwasacarefulandseriouswriter.B．The

Sea

Around

UswontheNationalBookAward.C．InSilent

SpringRachelsaidsomepesticideswerebadfortheenvironment.D．TheuseofDDTwasstoppedassoonasthebookSilent

Springcameout.(三)推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。(四)猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。【例2】

(2014，宜宾)WhenyouhearWesterners(西方人)say“Dropinanytime”(随时来玩)or“Comeandseemesoon”，youshouldrealizethatitdoesn'tmeanyouarewelcometocomeovertotheirhouseanytime.It'swisetotelephonebeforevisitingsomeone.Neveracceptaninvitationunlessyoureallyplantogo.Youmayrefusebysaying，“Thankyouforinvitingme，butImaynotbeabletocome.”Ifyouareunabletocomeafteracceptingtheinvitation，besuretotellthosewhoinviteyouinadvance(提前)thatyouwillnotbethere.Whenyouhaveacceptedtheinvitationtoapartyoradinner，itispolitetobringsmallgiftswithyou，suchasbottlesofdrink，flowersandchocolate.SometimesWesternersmaytakeyououttodinnerinarestaurantanditdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatheisgoingtopaythebillattheendofthemeal.Hemightwantyouto“go_Dutch”，whichmeanseachpersonpayshisownbill.1．Thebesttitleofthispassageis________A．Dropinanytime.B．Comeandseemesoon.C．InvitationinWesterncountries.D．Westerners.解析：主旨概括题。根据短文的主要内容是围绕西方的邀请文化介绍的。答案：__C__2．WhenWesternerssay“Dropinanytime”or“Comeandseemesoon”，itmeans________A．youarewelcometovisitthemanytime.B．youarewelcometovisitthem，butyoustillneedtocallthembeforegoingtotheirhouse.C．theydon'twantyoutovisitthem.D．theywillholdapartyforyou.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段youshouldrealizethatitdoesn'tmeanyouarewelcometocomeovertotheirhouseanytime.It'swisetotelephonebeforevisitingsomeone.可知，当人们说随时来玩时，那不意味着你能够随时拜访他们的家，在拜访之前最好打电话。答案：__B__3．IfaWesternerinvitesyoutogotohishouse，________A．youmayrefuseifyoudon'tplantogo.B．youhavetoaccepttheinvitationevenyoudon'twanttogo.C．youcan'taccepttheinvitation.D．andyouaccepttheinvitation，youmustgo.解析：细节理解题。根据Neveracceptaninvitationunlessyoureallyplantogo.Youmayrefusebysaying，“Thankyouforinvitingme，butImaynotbeabletocome.”可知，除非你真的计划去，否则不要接受邀请。你可以通过说“谢谢邀请，但我不能来”来表示拒绝。答案：__A__4．Ifyouhaveacceptedtheinvitationtoapartyoradinner，whatkindofgiftswillyoubring？________A．Money.B．Televisions.C．Computers.D．Books.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Whenyouhaveacceptedtheinvitationtoapartyoradinner，itispolitetobringsmallgiftswithyou，suchasbottlesofdrink，flowersandchocolate.描述及选项的对比可知。答案：__D__5．Theunderlinedpart“go_Dutch”means“________”inChinese.A．去荷兰B．去Dutch这家餐厅C．实行AA制D．请客解析：词义猜测题。根据后面的非限制性定语从句whichmeanseachpersonpayshisownbill(那意味着人们都各自付钱)可得出正确答案。答案：__C__Haveyounoticedthenumberofpeoplelisteningtomusicveryloudlyonthetrainsandbuses？Theirmusicissoloudthatyoucanevenhearclearlywhatthesingersaresinging.Theproblemisthatthemusiciscomingoutfromtheirearphones!Doctorswarnyoungpeopleaboutthedangersoflisteningtomusicfromearphonessoloudlyforalongtime.IntheUnitedStates，studiesshowthatmusiciansandpeoplewhoworkatperformancehallshaveexperiencedhearingproblemsafterexposure(暴露)toloudmusicforjustupto30minutesaday.Thesepeopleslowlylosetheirhearingandneedtoturnupthemusicevenmoreloudlytohearitproperly，possiblycausingfurtherdamagetoit.Asweknow，theearhasthreeparts—theouterpart，themiddleearandtheinnerear.Therearetinyhairsintheinnerear.Itisthetinyhairsthatreceivethesound­wavesandthenchangethemintowhatthebrain(脑)canunderstand.Exposuretoloudnoisecandamagethetinyhairsandthiscauseshearingloss(损伤)．Usually，thiskindofhearinglosscanbetreatedifthenoiseisn'tverysuddenandloud.Exposuretoloudnoisefortoolongatimecancauselastingdamage.Peoplewithserioushearinglossmayneedtohaveanoperation，butevenaftertheoperationtheymaynothearaswellasbefore.Youknowyouhavebeenlisteningtoloudmusictoolongwhenyoustarthearingringingnoisesinyourear.Theymaybesignsthatthetinyhairsinyourinnerearhavebeendamaged.Sonexttimeyoulistentomusicusingyourearphones，makesureitisnotloudenoughforotherstohear.Rememberthatoncehearinglosssetsin，thereisnoturningback.1．Wecanprobablyreadthispassageinthe__C__partofanewspaper.A．newsB．sportsC．scienceD．advertisement2．Theunderlinedword“sound­waves”inParagraph3means__C__inChinese.A．声速B．声调C．声波D．声带3．Whenyouhearringingnoisesinyourear，itmeans__B__．A．yourmiddleearhasbeendamagedB．youmuststoplisteningtoloudmusicC．yourhearinglosscan'tbeturnedbackD．youneedtohaveanoperationonyourear4．Thewriterofthepassageistryingtoadvisepeopleto__A__．A．useearphonesproperlyB．listentomusicinpublicC．learnabouthearingproblemsD．understandthreepartsoftheear(一)(2014，襄阳)Travelstudy—anewwaytospendyourholiday.Haveyoueverheardaboutit?Whenyouhaveatravelstudy，youcanseeBigBen，SydneyOperaHouse，theStatueofLibertyandsomanyotherplaces.Duringthetravelstudy，youmaygotravelingbyyourself，orwithyourfamilyoryourfriends.Whenyoutravel，youareinadifferentcultureeveryday.Youwillbeservedwithdifferentnewfoodsandmakenewfriends.Youreadallthesefrombooksinthepast，butnowitisrealandyouarepartofit.Besides，youmayalsolearnotherculturesfromyournewfriendsbecausetheyarefromdifferentcountries.MaybeyoualreadyhaveforeignteachersinyourschooltoteachyouEnglish.ButheorshewillnotstaytospeakEnglishwithyouallthetime，right？Duringthetravelstudy，youhavetospeakiteverydayandalmosteverywherebecauseyouareinanEnglish­speakingcountry!Italsogivesyouachancetolivealone.Thatwillteachyouhowtolive.“WhatshouldIdoifIlosemywayinaforeigncountry？”“HowcanIbuywhatIwantwithmypoorEnglish？”

Youhavetobecleverandfindanswersforyourself.In_conclusion，youcangetalotfromthetravelstudy.1．Travelingcanhelpyouinalotofwaysexcept__C__．A．goingsightseeingB．tryingmanykindsoffoodC．gettinglostinforeigncountriesD．makingalotofnewfriends2．Theunderlinedphrase“In_conclusion”inthelastsentencemeans__B__inChinese.A．首先B．总之C．至少D．随后3．Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe__A__．A．TravelStudyB．BestWayforStudyC．ImportantofTravelingD．GoodPlacesforTraveling【短文大意】文章介绍了与游学相关的内容。在游学期间，你可以游览风景名胜，体验不同的文化和美食，验证以前在书中读过的东西，并且还可以结交新朋友。1．C

【解析】通读全文可知，旅行可以帮助你游览风景名胜，体验不同的食物和结交新朋友，在国外迷路是旅行中可能会遇到的状况，并非旅行的益处，故选C。2．B

【解析】由文章的最后一句中的“从游学中你可以得到很多”可知，最后一句是对全文的总结，故可推测此处Inconclusion意为“总之”。故选B。3．A

【解析】通读全文可知，文章紧紧围绕着游学展开。因此，本文的最佳标题为TravelStudy。故选A。

(二)(2014，黄冈)WealwayscelebratedDad'sbirthdayonThanksgivingDay，evenafterheenteredanursinghome.Whenweknewitmightbehislastbirthday，thewholefamilydecidedtogettogetherforahugebirthdaycelebrationatthenursinghome.Dadwasagoodstorytellerandwewerealwayshislisteners.Duringaquietmoment，IannounceditwasnowDad'sturntolistentostoriesforachange，IwantedeveryonetotellDadwhatwelovedabouthim.Theroombecamequiet.Thenoneafteranother，peopletoldstoriesfromtheirhearts，whileDadlistenedwithtearsineyes.Everyoneseemedtohavemorethanonestory.Eventhelittlegrandchildrencouldn'twaittotellDadwhytheylovedhim.Foramanwhohadbeenkindtosomanyhundredsofpeopleinhislife，herewasourchancetotellhimhowmuchwelovehim.Afewmonthslater，atDad'smemorialservice，wemorefullyrealizedwhatwehadgiventoDadthatnight.Thosearethestoriespeoplenormallytellatafuneral(葬礼)afteralovedoneisnolongeralivetohearthewords.Theytellstories，fulloftears.ButwehadgiventhosememoriestoDadinhislife，andwehadtoldthemthroughlaughter，togetherwithhugsandjoy.Hehadthemtoholdandenjoyedthemfromtimetotimeinhismindduringhislastdaysandmonths.Wordsdomatter，andtheyareenough.Wejustneedtosaythemortospeakthempubliclytheoneswelove.That'sthewaystogivebackloveandthat'sourchancetocelebrateapersoninhisorherlife.4．Thewriter'sfamilydecidedtohaveahugebirthdaycelebrationbecause__B__．A．DadwastoleavethehospitalB．itmightbeDad'slastbirthdayC．theywouldcelebrateThanksgivingDayD．Dadwasatthenursinghome5.Accordingtothepassage，weknow__A__．A．allthefamilylovedthefather，includingthelittlegrandchildrenB．thewriter'sfatherwasstillenjoyinggoodhealthC．thepartywasheldatthewriter'shomeD．thedoctortoldthewriterhisfatherwasgoingtodieatonce6.Fromthepassage，weknowthewriter'sfatherwas__B__tohearthestories.A．surprisedB．movedC．sadD．frustrated7.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe__C__．A．AnAmazingStoryB．AKindFatherC．SayOurLovePubliclyD．ABigParty【短文大意】本文讲述了整个家庭对我父亲深深的爱。4．B

【解析】由第一段中的“Whenweknewitmightbehislastbirthday，thewholefamilydecidedtogettogetherforahugebirthdaycelebrationatthenursinghome”可知答案为B。5．A

【解析】由第二段中的“IwantedeveryonetotellDadwhatwelovedabouthim”以及第三段中的“Eventhelittlegrandchildrencouldn'twaittotellDadwhytheylovedhim”可知答案为A。6．B

【解析】由第二段中的“...peopletoldstoriesfromtheirhearts，whileDadlistenedwithtearsineyes”可推断，父亲很感动。故答案为B。7．C

【解析】通读全文可知，最适合本文的标题是C项。(三)(2014，湖州)Ifmusicmakesyousmarterandexercisehelpsyoutothink，surelyexercisingtomusiccanturnyouintoanintelligent(聪明的)person.AteamofscientistsfromOhioStateUniversitydidexperimentson33volunteerswhoweregettingbetterfromheartdiseaseafteroperations.TheyfoundthosevolunteerswhoexercisedwhilelisteningtoItalianmusicianAntonioVivaldi'sThe

Four

Seasonsdidmuchbetteronlanguageabilityteststhanwithoutmusic.Itisalsousedinmedicalfieldsforpatientswhohavehadheadhurtsbecauseofitsmoderatetempo(舒缓的节拍)．“Exerciseseemstocausepositivechangesinthenervoussystem(神经系统)andthesechangesmayimprovethelearningabilityofpeoplewithheartdisease，”saidthepsychologistCharlesEmery，wholedthestudy.“Andlisteningtomusicisthoughttoenhanceunderstanding.Wejustwantedtoputthetworesultstogether，”

headded.Thevolunteerssaidtheyfeltbetteremotionally(情绪上)andphysicallyafterexercisingwithorwithoutmusic.Buttheirimprovementonthetestdoubledafterlisteningtomusicduringexercise.Scientistshaveprovedthatmusiccanbegoodforhealthandeducation.Ithelpsreducestressandsadness，encouragerelaxationorsleep，wakeupthebodyandimprovememoryandthoughts.Scientistshavebeenstudyingtheresultsofexercisetomusiconlearningandunderstandingsincetheearly1950s.AstudyshowedthatstudentswholistenedtoMozart'sviolinpiecesandexercisedwentontogethighermarksinanintelligencetest.Withimportantexamsdrawingnear，yourparentswillnotprobablyallowyoutolistentomusicorplaysports.Butperhapsnowyouhavegoodreasonstoarguewiththem.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordenhancemean？__C__A．Produce.B．Provide.C．Improve.D．Impress.9．Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthat__D__．A．youaresupposedtofollowyourparents'wordsB．youhavesomegoodreasonstojoininanintelligencetestC．goodmarksdependonlisteningtomusicandexercisingD．exercisetomusicmighthelpyougethighergradesintests10．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue？__D__A．Musichelpsvolunteersgetbetterfromheartdisease.B．Exerciseisusedforpeoplewithheadhurts.C．Exercisecausesnochangesinhealthwithoutmusic.D．Musiccanhelpyourelaxandfeelenergetic.11．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage？__A__A．ExercisetoMusicB．MusicandStudyC．ImportanceofMusicD．StudiesonExercise【短文大意】本文主要讲述了跟着音乐一起锻炼的益处。8．C

【解析】结合主语listeningtomusic以及enhance的宾语understanding可知，听音乐能够“提升”人的理解能力。故答案为C。9．D

【解析】通读最后一段的描述可推断，听音乐可能会有助于你在考试中取得更好的成绩。故答案为D。10．D

【解析】由第四段中的“Ithelpsreducestressandsadness，encouragerelaxationorsleep，wakeupthebodyandimprovememoryandthoughts”可知D项描述正确。11．A

【解析】通读全文可知，适合本文的标题是“ExercisetoMusic”。故答案为A。

(四)(2014，绍兴)Somepeopleliketocollectstamps.Otherspreferpostersorcoins.ButPinkyBhutiaisdifferent.Shecollectschildren.Inhermountainvillage，inSikkim，sheisknownasthewonderfulyoungwomanwhoadopts(领养)allthechildrenshecan.Pinkywas14whensheadoptedherfirstchild，aNepalibabygirl，whoseparentspassedaway.Pinky'sparentsdidnotmind.Pinkyleftschoolandstartedworkingfull­timebecauseshehadababytofeed.Today，shehastwelveadoptedchildren，andtwosonsfromhermarriage.Pinkyisabout30yearsoldandshecomesfromacommonfamily.Ifyoupassedheronthestreet，youwouldn'tgiveherasecondlook.Shelivesinabrownmud­washed(泥刷的)house.Thereisavegetablegardenoutside.Redhenswithnoisychicksrunalloverthegardenlookingforfood.Ifyouaskherwhysheprovidesahometosomanykids，shesmilesshyly.Buthereyesareserious.“Iknowwhatitistobepoorandhungry.”Asachild，heronlydreamwastoeatafullmeal，andherfavoriteamusementwaswatchingpeoplewithshoesandimaginingwhatitfeltlike.Byadoptingpoorandhomelesschildren，sheismakingsurethattheyneverfeelthathopeless.Pinkyfeelsveryproudwhensheseesherchildrenhappyandbright.Heroldestbaby，SaritaRai，isnow20yearsold.Then，thereis19­year­oldNimbh