2021届四川省犍为第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案

2021届四川省犍为第一中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYoumightnotexpectit,butcowsarealargesourceofthegreenhousegasesthataredrivingclimatechange.Cowsproducelotsofmethanebybreakingdownthegrass,Nowscientistshaveshownthatthepollutionfromcowscanbereducedbyaddingalittleseaweedtotheirfood.Scientistsfirstdiscoveredthatseaweedcouldhelpcontrolmethanefromcowsseveralyearsago.Butthisworkwasdoneinalaboratory,thereweremanyquestionsaboutwhethertheideacouldworkinreallife.Inthelabstudies,thecowsweregivenquiteabitofseaweed,andtheywouldcauselosingweight.Thatwasn'thelpful,sincecowsareoftensoldbyweight.Italsowasn'tcleariftheseaweedwouldstopworkingifitwasusedforalongerperiodoftime.Now,scientistsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davishaveansweredseveralofthesequestions.Theresearchersstudied21cowsonafarmforaboutfivemonths.Theytaughtthecowstogettheirfoodfrominsideaspecialhood,whichallowedthescientiststomeasurethemethanethatthecowsweregivingoff.Thistime,theyusedamuchsmalleramountofseaweed,whichtheymixedwiththecows'food.Theresultsweresurprisinglygood.Insomecases,thecowsproduced82%lessmethane.Theimprovementdependedonthekindoffoodthecowsweregiven,buteventheworst-pollutingcowsproduced33%lessmethane.Overthefivemonths,thescientistsdidn'tseeanysignsthatthecows'stomachsweregettingusedtotheseaweedandstartingtoproducemoremethaneagain.Anothersurprisecamewhentheylookedattheweightofthecows.Thecowsthatwerefedseaweedgainedjustasmuchweightastheothercows,buttheydidn'tneedasmuchfood.Buttherearestillsomebigproblemswiththeideaoffeedingcowsseaweed.Foronething,there'snotadequateseaweedtofeedallofthecowsintheworld.Sofarmerswouldhavetofigureoutawaytogrowlotsofseaweed.Abiggerproblemisthatformostoftheirlives,cowsliveinfields,wheretheyeatthegrass.Thatmeansthere'snochancetofeedthemseaweedeveryday.Theseproblemsneedtobetakenseriouslyiftheworldisgoingtoavoidtheworsteffectsoftheclimatecrisis.Still,it'struethatsomethingassimpleasfeedingcowsseaweedcanhelpreducesomeofthepollutioncausingtheclimatecrisis.Whydidthescientistsdotheexperimentonthefarm?A.Tocontroltheamountofseaweed. B.Torecordtheweightcowsgained.C.Toconfirmtheeffectofseaweedinreallife. D.Tomeasuretheamountofseaweedcowsale.Theunderlinedword“adequate”means .A.common B.special C.lacking D.enoughThepassageiswrittento .A.appealtopeoplenottoraisethecows B.encouragepeopletoplanttheseaweedC.remindpeopleofcontrollingcows'weight D.callonpeopletotakeactionstoreducethepollutionBBritishsculptorJasonTaylorhasmadeithismissiontousehistalenttoconserveourecosystemsbycreatingunderwatermuseums.Overtheyears,theenvironmentalisthasputover850massiveartworksunderwaterworldwide.OnFebruary1,2021,Taylorlaunchedhislatestwork—TheUnderwaterMuseumofCannes.—Themaingoalwastobringattentiontothefactthatouroceansneedourhelp,TaylortoldDezeen.—OceanecologyhasbeendestroyedbyhumanactivityintheMediterraneanoverthepastfewdecades,anditisnotobviouswhatistakingplacewhenobservingtheseafromafar.TheUnderwaterMuseumofCannescontains6sculpturesfeaturinglocalresidentsofvariousages.TheyrangefromMaurice,an80-year-oldfisherman,toAnouk,a9-year-oldstudent.Toweringover6-feet-tallandweighing10tons,thefacesaresectionedintotwoparts,withtheouterpartlikeamask.Themaskindicatesthattheworld’soceansappearpowerfulandunbeatablefromthesurfacebuthouseanecosystemthatisextremelyfragiletocarelesshumanactivities.Thoughthewaterssurroundingthesculpturesnowappearapristineblue,theseabedwasfilledwitholdboatengines,pipes,andotherhuman-madetrashwhentheprojectbeganaboutfouryearsago.Besidesremovingthetrash,Tayloralsorestoredthearea’sseagrass.Justonesquaremeteroftheseagrasscangenerateupto10litersofoxygendaily.Theseagrassalsohelpspreventcoastalerosionandprovideshabitatsformanyoceancreatures.—Theideaofcreatinganunderwatermuseumwastodrawmorepeopleunderwateranddevelopasenseofcareandprotection,TaylortoldDezeen.—Ifwethrewunwantedwastenearaforest,therewouldbeapublicoutcry.Butthisishappeningeverydayinoursurroundingwatersanditlargelygoesunnoticed.Whydoestheouterpartofthesculptureslooklikeamask?Topopularizethefeaturesofthelocals.Toremindpeopletoprotectthemselves.Toreflectpeople’sprotectionoftheocean.Tostressthesensitivenessoftheecosystem.What’sparagraph4mainlyabout?Howtheprojectwasstarted.Howtheseagrasswasrestored.Whatrecoveryefforttheprojectmade.Whythesurroundingswereimproved.WhatcanweinferfromwhatJasonTaylorsaidinthelastparagraph?Thesituationoftheoceaniseasilyignored.Thedestructioncausedtotheoceanisnoticeable.Forestsplayamoreimportantroleinecosystems.Peoplehavezerotolerancetodamagedonetonature.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?TheUnderwaterMuseum,alongwaytogo.TheUnderwaterMuseum,abigdifferencetothesea.TheUnderwaterMuseum,anappealtoconserveecosystems.TheUnderwaterMuseum,amasterpieceofJasonTaylor.CTheclimatechangeisalreadyeatingintotheoutputoftheworld'sagriculturalsystems,withproductivitymuchlowerthanitwouldhavebeenifhumanshadn'trapidlyheatedtheplanet,newresearchhasfound.Advancesintechnology,fertilizer（化肥）useandglobaltradehaveallowedfoodproductiontokeeppacewithanincreasingglobalpopulationsincethe1960s.Butrisingtemperaturesinthistimehaveactedasahandbrake（手刹）tofarmingproductivityofcrops,accordingtothenewresearch,publishedinNatureClimateChange.Productivityhasactuallvslumpedby21%since1961,comparedtoiftheworldhadn'tbeenaffectedbyglobalheating.Withtheglobalpopulationsettorisetomorethan9billionby205,theUN'SFoodandAgricultureOrganizationhasestimatedthatfoodproductionwillhavetoincreasebyabout70%,withannualcropproductionincreasingbyalmost1billiontonsandmeatproductionbymorethan200mtonsayearbythispoint.Meanwhile,globaltemperaturesarerisingataratethatscientistswarnisextremelydangerousforhumancivilization.“TheimpactalreadyislargerthanIthoughtitwouldbe,”saidArielOrtiz-Bobea,aneconomistatCornellUniversitywholedtheresearch.“Itwasabigsurprisetome.TheworryIhaveisthatresearchanddevelopmentinagriculturetakesdecadestotranslateintohigherproductivity.TheprojectedtemperatureincreaseissofastthatIdon'tknowifwearegoingtokeeppacewiththat.”WestonAnderson,aresearcheroffoodsecurity（安全）andclimateatColumbiaUniversitywhodidn'ttakepartinthestudy,saidthenewresearchprovidesfreshinsightintotheimportanceoftheimpactuponagriculture.“Theregionsthatthispaperhighlightsasexperiencingthelargestreductionsinagriculturalproductivity-CentralAmericaandtheSahel-containsomeoftheleastfoodsecurecountriesintheworld,whichisarealconcern,”hesaid.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“slumped”inparagraph2mean?A.Fallen. B.Gathered.C.Approached. D.Benefited.WhatisArielOrtiz-Bobeaworriedabout?Fertilizerisusedinfoodproduction.Populationwillrisetoover9billion.Globaltemperaturesarerisingtoofast.Agriculturalresearchneedsmanyyears.WhatcanwelearnaboutWestonAnderson?Heputsforwardadifferentsolution.Heproposescarryingonwiththeresearch.Hepaysmoreattentiontofoodinsecureregions.Hesupportsimprovingagriculturalproductivity.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?TheImpactofGrowthinFarmProductivityProductivityinAgricultureisGrowingCausesandEffectsofGlobalHeatingRapidGlobalHeatingisHurtingFarmProductivityDWhataday!Istartedatmynewschoolthismorningandhadthebesttime.Imadelotsofnewfriendsandreallylikedmyteachers.Iwasnervousthenightbefore,butIhadnoreasontobe.Everyonewassofriendlyandpolite.Theymademefeelatease.ItwaslikeI'dbeenattheschoolforahundredyears!Thedaystartedveryearlyat7:00am.Ihadmybreakfastdownstairswithmymom.ShecouldtellthatIwasverynervous.Momkeptaskingmewhatwaswrong.ShetoldmeIhadnothingtoworryaboutandthateveryonewasgoingtoloveme.Iftheydidn'tloveme,Momsaidtosendthemherwayforagoodtalkingto.Icouldn'tstoplaughing.Mymomdroppedmeoffattheschoolgatesaboutfiveminutesbeforethebell.Alittleblondegirlgotdroppedoffatthesametimeandstartedwavingatme.SheranoverandtoldmehernamewasAbigail.Shewasveryniceandwebecameclosestraightaway.WespentallmorningtogetherandbegantotalktoanothergirlcalledStacey.Thethreeofussattogetherinclassalldayandweevenmadeourwayhometogether!Itwentsoquickly.Ourteachertoldusthattomorrowwewouldreallystartlearninganddevelopingnewskills.IcannotwaituntiltomorrowandfeelasthoughIamreallygoingtoenjoymytimeatmynewschool.Ionlyhopethatmynewfriendsfeelthesamewaytoo.Howdidtheauthorfeelthenightbeforehernewschool?A.Tired. B.Confident C.Worried. D.homesickWhatdidtheauthorthinkofhermother’sadvice?A.Clear. B.Funny. C.Optional D.RespectableWhathappenedontheauthor'sfirstdayofschool?A.Shemetmanynicepeople. B.Shehadahurriedbreakfast.C.Shelearnedtomenewskills. D.Shearrivedatschoolveryearly.WhatcanweinferaboutAbigail?ShedislikedStacey. B.Shewasshyandquiet.C.Shegotonwellwiththeauthor. D.Shewasanoldfriendoftheauthor.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项TipsoftravellingcheaplyThinkingaboutanoverseastripbutconcerningyoumightmakealessworthychoicebecauseyoucan’taffordtovisitalltheplacesonyourwishlistbeforeyoumakeyourfinaldecision?___16___Withadashofwit,youcantraveltheworldcheaply.___17___Walkonthestreetsofacity,stopandchatwithalocal,orevenclimbtothetopofahillandwatchthesunsetovertheocean.Thesimplejoyofbeinginanewplaceisjustamatterofgoingsomeplacenew.Notourpackagerequired.Keepyourneedstoaminimum.Peopleneedfreshair,exercise,creativestimulation,companionshipandself-esteem,etc.___18___Forfreshair,gooutside.Forexercise,takeawalk.Forcreativestimulation,gosomewherenew.Forcompanionship,makeafriend.Forself-esteem,turnoffyourTV,breathedeepandopenyourspirittothebasicgoodnessoftheworld.Goslow.IfyouliveinNewYorkandwanttotakeatwo-weekvacationtoAfrica,itwillbeverydifficulttotravelforfree.Timeisnotmoney.Timeisfree.Insteadofbuyingaplaceticket,takeatrainorbus,orjusthoponyourbikeandrideawayfromtown.___19___Trytogetyouraccommodationforfreeornext-to-nothing.Findkindsoulsaroundtheworldwhoagreetoofferanextrabedroom,couch，orcornerofthefloortotravelersinexchangeforthesamekindnesswhentheyvisityourtown.___20___Itworksbestifyourhomeisinalocalesomeonewantstovisitandifyourdatescoincide.A.Embracethesimplejoyoftravel.Thesloweryoutravel,thelessmoneyyouwillspend.Thingslikeairandwateraremuchcheaperonceyougetoutside.Allofthesethingsaresimpletoobtainandmostofthemarefree.E.Justbecauseyou'velittlemoneydoesn'tmeanyouhavetostayathome.Thisschemeinvolvestradinghomesforanagreed-uponamountoftime.Ifyoucandowhatneedstobedonearoundthehouse,thenyoustayforfree.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项WeclimbedMountKinabalutheotherday.Itwasourfirst 21 toSabah.Itwasaslowdrivealongcountryroadsaswe 22 Ranau.Ranauwasapicturesquemountainsidetownwherepeople 23 vegetablesandfruit.Atalmost5000feetabovesealevel,theairwas 24 cool.Thenextmorning,wewere 25 andsetofftoabreakfast.Thenwewereassignedguidesbeforeour 26 ,excitedandfearfulofwhat 27 aheadofus.By6:30a.m.,wewereonatrailthatclimbedverticallyintothejungle.Thegoingwasslowaswemountedupthenarrowsteep 28 .Althoughitwas 29 ,itwasn’tasbadasIhadimagined.SoIwasinfrontofthegroupmostofthe 30 .Therewereexoticplantsandcuriousmonkeysthatmadethetrip 31 .Asweclimbed,wehadtotakeseveral 32 regularly.ThenfinallywereachedthehutatPanarLaban.Thenightwespenttherewasmiserablebut 33 asthetemperaturedroppedtominus1.Wetriedtosleepaswehadto 34 theclimbat2:45a.m.thenextmorning.Withonlythecomfortingvoiceof 35 ,wegrabbedourtorchesand 36 ourwayuprocksinthedark.Asthehourspassed,wewatchedthenightgrow 37 andaswereachedthesummit,dawn 38 overthehorizonlikeascenefromaNationalGeographicSpecial.Iwas 39 thecloudsat13,000feetormore.ThisisadayIwillalwaysremember,thedayI 40 Kinabalu.21.A.meetingB.tripC.replyD.task22.A.lookedB.hopedC.headedD.longed23.A.grewB.selectedC.gatheredD.tasted24.A.hardlyB.eventuallyC.occasionallyD.pleasantly25.A.shoutedB.awakenedC.caughtD.raised26.A.voyageB.rideC.reachD.climb27.A.layB.cameC.roaredD.drove28.A.pacesB.entrancesC.pathsD.cliffs29.A.impossibleB.toughC.disturbingD.hopeless30.A.roadB.mountainC.wayD.distance31.A.excitingB.convenientC.imaginaryD.safe32.A.placesB.stepsC.positionsD.breaks33.A.coldB.warmC.memorableD.tragic34.A.continueB.quitC.interruptD.experience35.A.leadersB.guidesC.villagersD.tourists36.A.overlookedB.plannedC.demonstrated D.felt37.A.noisierB.quieterC.darkerD.brighter38.A.brokeB.becameC.startedD.turned39.A.belowB.aboveC.againstD.beyond40.A.arrivedB.leftC.conqueredD.expected第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式WastingFoodisStillaBigProblemChinaisfamousforitsdeliciousfood,andtherearesomanydifferentdishestotryhere.Butmanyofustakethisgrantedandthrowawaytheextrafoodwedon’teat.AccordingtoareportreleasedbytheUnitedNations,therewere815millionundernourishedpeopleintheworldin2018,morethanoneinevery10onEarth.Yet,1.3billiontonsoffood 41. (waste)annuallyaroundtheworld,whichisaboutone-thirdofallfoodproducedeachyear,accordingtotheUN’sFoodandAgricultureOrganization.Toget 42. betterunderstandingofdifferentcountries’foodwasteproblems,theEconomistintelligenceUnitrecentlysurveyed34nationsaccordingtotheirfoodsystemsustainability.Accordingtothereport, 43. wasreleasedthismonth,Francetoppedthelistoffoodsustainability,followedbyJapanandGermany.Theperformanceofthesecountriesislargelyrelatedtotheirpoliciestodealwithfoodwaste.Forexample,Francewasthefirstcountry 44. (pass)lawstobanfoodwaste.InFrance,it’sillegalforsupermarketstothrowawayunsoldfood,andFrenchrestaurants___45.___providedoggybagsforpeople’sleftovers.Germanyistryingtodealwiththeproblembyreformingexpirationdates.“Wefoundinourstudythatmanypeoplebelievedtheyshouldthrowawayproducts___46.___the“bestbefore’datehasexpired,”MartinKranert,chairofStuttgartUniversity’swastemanagementdepartment,toldDeutscheWelle.“Thisisnotatallcase,andsuchapersistinglackofknowledgeisthefirstthing 47. hastochange.”Somecountriesarestilllaggingbehindwhenitcomesto 48. (prevent)foodwaste,however.Forexample,theUntiedArabEmirateswastesthemostfood,witheachofitscitizens 49. (throw)awayabout1,000kilogramseveryyearonaverage.Chinahasbeenworkinghardtoreducefoodwaste.Inearl