2023年考研考博考博英语哈尔滨工业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语哈尔滨工业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreatergloryofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.ShadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheAppoloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.TodayMarsloomsashumanity’snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakeleadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers:ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplaceinthepastwas（

）.2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis（

）.3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?4.Bysaying“WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen”(linel,Para.4),theauthormeansthat（

）.5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould（

）.问题1选项A.todisplaytheircountry’smilitarymightB.toaccomplishsomesignificantscienceC.tofindnewareasforcolonizationD.topursuecommercialandstateinterests问题2选项A.internationalcooperationB.nationalisticreasonsC.scientificresearchD.long-termprofits问题3选项A.Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.B.Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.C.Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.D.Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.问题4选项A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventuresB.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbyveryhighC.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbeforeD.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareissue问题5选项A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflifeB.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteoriteC.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginatesD.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse2.单选题Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry-from82to110millionbetween1973and1985-thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyno-blue-collarjobs.Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionoftheharborforceinmanufacturingthandevolvedcountriesnowemployinfarming-atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymoreone-thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesamesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitiveoreventoremain"developed”.Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreitthattheUnitedStatesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofman-hoursrequiredtoproduceamotorbysome80percentintwoorthreeyearsfarmorethananyoneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleteprioritization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganew,sharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachines—thatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates（

）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,incoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertoremaincompetitive,oughtto（

）.3.Americanpoliticiansandlaborleaderstendtodislike（

）.4.Theword"prescription"in’’aprescriptionforunemployment"maybetheequivalentto（

）.5.Thispassagemayhavebeenexceptedfrom（

）.问题1选项A.thedegreetowhichacountry'sproductionisrobotizedB.areductioninacountry’smanufacturingindustriesC.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagementD.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry问题2选项A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collarworkforceB.preserveblue-collarjobsforinternationalcompetitionC.acceleratemotor-carmanufacturinginHenryFord’sstyleD.solvetheproblemofunemployment问题3选项A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomyB.anincreaseinblue-collarworkforceC.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproductionD.adropintheblue-collarjobopportunities问题4选项A.somethingrecommendedasmedicaltreatmentB.awaysuggestedtoovercomesomberdifficultyC.somemeasurestakeninadvanceD.adevicetodire问题5选项A.amagazineaboutcapitalinvestmentB.anarticleonautomationC.amotor-carmagazineD.anarticleonglobaleconomy3.单选题HowdidalankyDanishvegetarianwhowearsT-shirtstoimportantmeetingsandvotesonlyforleft-wingpoliticiansbecomethegreatSatanofenvironmentalism?Bytellingeveryoneheisanenvironmentalistbutsoundingliketheopposite.“Wearenotrunningoutofenergyornaturalresources,”writesBjornLomborg,37,anassociateprofessorofstatisticsatDenmark'sUniversityofAarhusandaformermemberofGreenpeace,inhis1998bookTheSkepticalEnvironmentalist.“Airandwateraroundusarebecominglessandlesspolluted.Mankind'slothasactuallyimprovedintermsofpracticallyeverymeasurableindicator.”Thebook,whichwaspublishedinEnglishlastyear,becameabestseller,andconservativesworldwideuseitsideastojustifyinactiononsuchissuesasdeforestationandglobalwarming."Weshoulddosomethingthatactuallydoesgoodandnotsoundsgood,”hesaysoftheexpenseofcomplyingwiththeKyotoProtocolonglobalwarming.“ForthecostofKyotoforoneyear,wecouldgivecleandrinkingwaterandsanitationtoeveryhumanbeingonearth."SomescientistssaytheyinitiallyhopedtoignoreLomborgbutinthewakeofhisbook’spopularityhavereactedwithafuryrarelyseeninacademia.PeterRaven,chairmanoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience,callsLomborg“theprimeexampleinourtimeofsomeonewhodistortsstatisticsandstatementstomeethisownpoliticalend.”Adozenesteemedenvironmentalscientists,includingRavenandHarvard’sEdwardO.Wilson,aredemandingthatLomborg’spublishercuthimloose.“WearedeeplydisturbedthatCambridgeUniversityPresswouldpublishandpromoteanerror-filled,poorlyreferencedandnon-peer-reviewedwork,”theywriteinalettercallingonCambridgetotransferpublishingrightstoapopular,non-scholarlypress.Theproblemis,Lomborggetsmanyofhisfactsrightandprovides2,930footnotestomakethemeasytocheck.Somescientistsandenvironmentaladvocateshavemadeexaggeratedclaimsaboutenvironmentaldoom,andit’snotsurprisingthattheyhavefinallybeencatalogued.YetLomborgisasguiltyofexaggerationandselectiveuseofdataasthosehecriticizes.Heisrightthatairandwaterqualityandagriculturalproductivityhaveimprovedinmuchoftheworld.Buttolookatthedataonglobalwarming,biologicaldiversity,marinedepletionanddeforestationandstillsaythingsaregenerallygettingbettertakesawillfulblindness.That’swhyit’sashamesomanyoftheattacksonLomborgrelyonnamecalling.Allthatdoesistoavoidwhatcouldbeavaluabledebateonthesubstanceofenvironmentalpolicy—and,ofcourse,helpLomborgsellbooks.“I'mmakingafairamountofmoneyfromthebook,’’saysLomborg,‘‘AlotmorethanCambridgethought,1.WhyisBjornLamborgcriticizedbyenvironmentalists?2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatTheSkepticalEnvironmentalistisabookthat（

）.3.ConservativesworldwidesharewithLomborgthesameviewthatdeforestationandglobalwarmingare（

）.4.Thescientists,accordingtothetext,demandthatCambridgeUniversityPress（）.5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthecriticismagainstLomborg'sbook?问题1选项A.Becausehehasalwaysbeenagainstprotectingtheenvironment.B.Becausehebelievesthatenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingworse.C.Becauseheputforwardanewhypothesisofprotectingtheworldenvironment.D.Becauseheclaimstobeanenvironmentalistbutdoubtsthatenvironmentalproblemsareasseriousastheyusedtobe.问题2选项A.hasattractedattentionfromboththepublicandthescholarsB.hasbeenneglectedbythereaderssinceitspublicationC.hasbeengreatlypraisedbythereaderssinceitspublicationD.hasbeengreatlycriticizedbythereaderssinceitspublication问题3选项A.gettingworseandworsebecausenothinghasbeendoneaboutthemB.gettingbetterandbetterbecausemuchmoneyhasbeenspentonthemC.notseriousproblemsthatshouldbesolvedatgreatcostatpresentD.seriousproblemsthatshouldbesolvedatanycost问题4选项A.sellallthebookstoapopular,non-scholarlypress,forthebookisfulloferrorsB.stoppublishingthebookandsellthepublishingrightstoanon-scholarlypress,forthebookisnotanacademicbookC.stoppublishinganybookswrittenbyLomborg,forheisnotacceptedbyhispeerstransferthepublishingrightsofthebooktoanotherpress,forthebookisnotwellreferenced问题5选项A.Itisnotfair,forthebookiswell-referenced.B.Itisfairandhasbeenconductedinagoodway.C.ItpreventsLomborgfromgettingmoremoneyfromthebook.D.Itshouldnotbename-callingbutshouldbecarriedoutinawaythatcouldstartameaningfuldiscussiononhowtosolveenvironmentalproblems.4.单选题Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor.ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,0001ives，some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.WhenDr.NichollswrotetoTheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome1009000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomuch.50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremayinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin.Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristies(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.TherehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromtheMiddleAges.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecordedhisbiographercomments.“WhetherornotHugewasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility”.Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBN’s3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks,“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin)andevenmanagedtogivethankstoJ.W.Clerkeasacontributor.Though,asalatereditionadmitsinashamefacedfootnote,“exceptfortheentryintheListofcontributorsthereisnotraceofJ.W.Clerke”.1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume（

）.2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat（

）.3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB（

）.4.Theauthorquotedafewentriesinthelastparagraphto（

）.5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas（

）.问题1选项A.becauseitisnotworththepriceB.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbeforeC.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollectionD.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly问题2选项A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollowB.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices问题3选项A.becauseheescapedtotheU.sB.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolishedC.forreasonsnotclarifiedD.becauseoftheeditor’smistake问题4选项A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNBB.giveemphasistohisargumentC.impressthereaderwithitscontentD.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAge问题5选项A.complimentaryB.supportiveC.sarcasticD.bitter5.翻译题研究人员称，远程办公等弹性工作模式有益于身体健康。研究人员发现，如果人们有条件在家工作，压缩工作周的时间，那他们就可以选择更为健康的生活方式，锻炼身体的机会增多，睡眠也会更好。可能弹性工作模式让人们能有更充裕的时间来实现健康的生活方式，或者是它让人们能更好的安排自己的时间。弹性工作制最初是为了帮助人们（尤其是女性）同时兼顾工作和家庭，但有关证据表明这显然不仅仅是女性的问题。研究人员对一家大型医药公司职员的“健康风险评估”进行了分析，职员涉及仓储，生产和管理等多个不同的岗位。一名研究人员说：“这不仅仅针对管理层，而是涉及到公司各个岗位的员工。”他说，该研究能让卫生部门和相关机构认识到，给员工更多的自由其实能带来很多益处。但他也说，要评估弹性工作制的长期益处还需要开展进一步研究。6.单选题Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristselectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalysed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11thattacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism."Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,"LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:’’Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany'scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithInternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan"electronicPearlHarbor"attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand$200moffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaystoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphotocallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18thRichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib,makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infact,betherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe"millenniumbug”andthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustrybetheyvendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,（

）.4.’’Lily-liveredapproach"(para.3)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby（

）.5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat（

）问题1选项A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattackB.AmericanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorismC.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerableD.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory问题2选项A.theirworriesarequitereasonableB.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriouslyC.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacingD.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike问题3选项A.terroristsmaylaunchanother"PearlHarbor"attackB.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrikeC.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructureD.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure问题4选项A.flexibilityB.boldnessC.cowardiceD.conservatism问题5选项A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug"B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity.C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongersD.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironment7.翻译题October16thisWorldFoodDay,adayofactionagainsthunger.Thedatecommemoratesthefoundingin1945oftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization,orFAO.Onthisday,peoplearoundtheworldcometogethertodeclaretheircommitmenttoeradicatehungerinourlifetime.Overthepastdecadeorso,wehaveseenagreatreductionofpeoplelivingwithhungeronanearlydailybasis.Backthen,aboutoneinsixpeoplewenttobedhungrymostnights.Nowit’saboutoneineverynine.Nonetheless,thatstillleavessome795,000thousandchronicallyhungrypeoplearoundtheworld.Ofthese,60percentarewomen,andthisdespitethefactthatmostsmallfarmerslivinginthedevelopingworldarewomen.Andwhenwomengohungry,so,alltoooften,dochildren.About161millionkidsundertheageoffivemalnourished.Thismeansthattheirbrainswon’tdevelopnormally,theymayhavedifficultieslearning,andtheirphysicalandcognitivegrowthisstunted.Lackofnutritioncompromisesnotonlytheirownsuccessinthefuture,butalsothedevelopmentofthecommunities,economiesandcountriesinwhichtheylive.Inadditiontothosechildrenwhoarechronicallyundernourished,almost5millionchildrenundertheageof5dieofmalnutrition-relatedcauseseveryyear.Theglobalcommunityisworkingtoeradicatehunger,becauseitistherightthingtodo.ThefirstoftheUnitedNationsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,calledforhalvingtheproportionofpeoplesufferingfromhungerandfacingextremepoverty.Wehaveachievedthatgoal.Aswetransitiontoasustainabledevelopmentagendafor2030,wehaveraisedourambitionsandarestrivingtoeffectivelyendhungerandextremepovertyaltogether.8.单选题Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeveryartsciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary.Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicrafts,andothervocations,likefarmingandfishery,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabulary,isveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourfamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity,andphilosophyhavealso,intheirolderstrata,becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersonsandhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yeteveryvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedomandabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussions,andseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yetnoprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessiononcewere,acloseguild（行会）.Thelawers,thephysician,themanofscience,thedivine,associatedfreelywithhisfellow-creatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalled’’popularscience"makeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodemviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutitasinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thusourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.1.Specialwordsusedintechnicaldiscussion（

）.2.Itistruethat（

）3.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinthenumberoftechnicaltermsintheterminologyof（

）.4.Thewriterofthearticlewasundoubtedly（

）.5.Theauthor'smainpurposeinthepassageisto（

）.问题1选项A.neverlastlongB.shouldbeconfinedtoscientificfieldsC.maybecomepartofcommonspeechD.areconsideredartificiallanguagespeech问题2选项A.everyoneisinterestedinscientificfindingB.theaveragemanoftenusesinhisownvocabularywhatwasoncetechnicallanguagenotmeantforhimC.aneducatedpersonwouldbeexpectedtoknowmosttechnicaltermsD.variousprofessionsandoccupationsofteninterchangetheirdialectsandjargons问题3选项A.fisheryB.farmingC.governmentD.sports问题4选项A.alinguistB.anattorneyC.anscientistD.anessayist问题5选项A.describeaphenomenonB.proposeasolutionC.beentertainingD.argueabelief9.单选题Backintheearly1990s,Iknewlittleaboutcomputersbeyondwhatittooktogetthroughaworkingday.Buthere’swhatIdidknow:somethinghugewashappening.ItwasstirringeconomiesandimaginationsandpossibilitieslikenothingIhadeverknown.IknewtheworldwaschanginginwaysthatmeantIshouldn’tcountonoldassumptions.AndIknewIhaddreamsIstillhadn’tfulfilled.ButIdidn’tknowhowtorealizethemuntilImetwithmyoldfriend,RollyRouse,whenwehappenedtomoveintothesameneighborhood.Rollyoftencalledmewithastreamofideas.Hisrateofideaproductionpersecondseemedalmostincredible.Soonwewereonthephonewitheachothereveryday.TalkingabouttheInternet.Talkingaboutstartinganewonlinecompany—maybetogether.Hewasthendevelopingaplanandhewantedmetobeapartofit:wewouldgivepeoplewonderful,wholeelectronichousesonaCD-ROMandletthemmodifythosehomestotheirownneeds.Tryoutdifferentwindowsanddoors,differentpaintcolorsandfurnishings.Whentheyweresatisfied,wewouldenablethemtogoonlinetomaketheprojecthappen,togettheproductsandthefinancingandtheprofessionaldesignandconstruc