2023年考研考博考博英语大连理工大学考试历年高频考试题专家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英语大连理工大学考试历年高频考试题专家版答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Therearemanyarguments（）smokinginpublicplaces.问题1选项A.forB.fromC.againstD.towards2.单选题Physicsisthepresent-dayequivalentof（

）usedtobepallednaturalphilosophy,fromwhichmostofthepresent-daysciencearose.问题1选项A.thatB.allC.whichD.what3.单选题AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.In1873,ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel.HebuilttheJ.EdgarThomsonsteelMillspearPittsburgh,andfromthatmomenton,theCarnegieEmpirewasoneofconstantexpansion.Lateron,theCarnegieSteelCo.becameanimmenseorganization.ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts.Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass.InspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood.Hebelievedinthesocialresponsibilityofthemanofwealthtosociety.Hemustsaveasastewardforthefortune;hehasearnedandusedthatfortunetoprovidegreatopportunityforallandtoincreaseman’sknowledgeofhimselfandofhisuniverse.Furthermore,Carnegiebeintheformoffreecharitybutrathermustbeasabuttresstothecommunity’sresponsibilityforitsownpeople.WhenCarnegiediedinLenox,Mass,onAugust11,1919,mostofhisfortunewasalreadygone.PeoplewonderthatifCarnegiehadknownthiswhenhewasalive,hewouldhavespreadmostofhiswealthtothepoorpeople.1.Carnegiewasabletodevelophisvastindustrialfortunes（

）.2.Carnegiefollowinghisancestor’sfootsteps（

）.3.TheindustryCarnegiewasnotconcernedwithwas（

）.4.Carnegie’stripstoEngland（

）.5.Whichhappenedfirst?6.AndrewCarnegie’sPhilanthropicideals（

）.问题1选项A.withtheactoffiveenterprisesystemB.throughlargeloansfromtheAmericangovernmentC.becausetheAmericangovernmenthadspecialtariffstoprotecttheAmericansteelandironindustryD.becausehehadrelativesintheEnglishandindustry问题2选项A.bydevelopingalargeindustrialcompanyB.incaringforandimprovingbenefitsfortheworkerandthepoorC.byfurtheringSpencer’sphilosophyD.bybeingafollowerofsocialDarwinism问题3选项A.themanufacturingofsteelB.thetransportingofthefinishedproductC.themovementofrawmaterialsD.thelumberbusiness问题4选项A.werepurelyforpleasureandvisitingrelativesB.introducedhimtotheCharitistidealswhichwouldinfluencehislifeC.helpedhimgainsteelcontractswithBritishindustrialistsD.ledhimtobelievethattheindustrialfuturewouldbewithsteel问题5选项A.ThefoundationoftheCarnegieSteelCo.B.TheintroductionofChartistidealsC.ThefoundationoftheJ.EdgarThomsonSteelmillsD.AndrewCarnegie’stripstoGreatBritain问题6选项A.developedfromhisintroductiontosocialDarwinismB.developedthroughhiseducationunderSpencerC.developedformtheCharitistidealsofhisboyhoodD.resultedfromunionstrikesandunrestattheCarnegieSteelCompany4.单选题Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）

manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquired5.单选题Theyoungheiresswasso（

）thatshegaveallhermoneyawayinacoupleofyears.问题1选项A.generousB.indulgentC.patrioticD.ambitious6.单选题Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.问题1选项A.perfectB.totalC.sheerD.integral7.翻译题大米的营养价值同土豆的差不多，但在常温下保存的更久。上大学并不一定是每个人的恰当的选择，更不是唯一的选择。仅碳氢两种元素就能构成成千上万种化合物，其原因是碳氢的分子可以以不同的方式进行连接。所有这些都促使学生独立认真地学习，促使他们学会如何发现利用大学的资源。经济水平比较低的情况下，它反而会给现代政府在提供食物，就业机会等方面增加巨大的负担。8.单选题ThereisnoeasysolutiontoJapan’slabor（

）.问题1选项A.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortage9.单选题Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.问题1选项A.shallknowB.shouldn'tknowC.hasknownD.shouldhaveknown10.单选题

Thetelevision（）

betweenthetwocandidateswillbeheldonSunday.问题1选项A.argumentB.debateC.discussionD.dispute11.单选题“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthatsayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmouths.Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,conditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.Livingathome,saysKinghton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakesenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Theyarethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowever,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholProblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends9house.”Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomthemselvesstuckresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（

）.2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest（

）.3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat（

）4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage（Para3.Line4）probablymeans（

）.5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?问题1选项A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentscanliveindependentlyB.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsC.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceD.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents.问题2选项A.YoungadultsfindhousingcoststoohighB.YoungadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmatureC.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools问题3选项A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeB.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoingC.theyoungadultstendtotheoverprotectedbytheirparentsD.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents问题4选项A.agreementsB.worriesC.disadvantagesD.quarrels问题5选项A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpense.B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.12.单选题Amost（

）argumentaboutwhoshouldgoandfetchthebreadfromthekitchenwasgoingonwhenIcamein.问题1选项A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature13.单选题

Thedirectionwereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous14.单选题Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya（

）.问题1选项A.threadB.cordC.stringD.rope15.单选题Thegovernment’s（）istomakeupchieflyofthemoneywepayintaxes.问题1选项A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax16.单选题Waterentersintoagreatvarietyofchemicalreactions,（

）havebeenmentionedinpreviouspages.问题1选项A.afewofitB.afewofthatC.afewofthemD.afewofwhich17.单选题Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”，thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacityofsampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderforhardnessandasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatwelearntthingsastheywerelongage,arelimitedintheextreme.Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandinsecure.1.Theword“paradox”(Line1,Para.1)means“（

）”2.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because（

）.3.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause（

）

4.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause（

）

.5.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause（

）

.问题1选项A.implicationB.contradictionC.interpretationD.confusion问题2选项A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences.B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems.C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect.D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena.问题3选项A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience.B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences.C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata.D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable.问题4选项A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime.B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin.C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict.D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate.问题5选项A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried.B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure.C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved.D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy18.单选题Thepresidentialcandidate（

）hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.问题1选项A.consolidatedB.intensifiedC.enforcedD.enriched19.单选题Itonlytakesa（）ofasecondforthecomputertodothecalculationwhichahumanwillspenddaystodo.问题1选项A.fictionB.reductionC.functionD.fraction20.单选题AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife.Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsaspartoftheequipmentforsurvival.Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup.Wearestillincontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon.1.WhatdoyousupposewastheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?2.Today,computersarestillinferiortomanintermsof（

）.3.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecause（

）.4.Thoughhethinkshighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat（

）.5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?问题1选项A.Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthanmen.B.Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldpreach,thoughnotaswellasmen.C.Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.D.Heencouragedladiestopreach问题2选项A.decisionmakingB.drivesandfeelingsC.growthofreasoningpowerD.informationabsorption问题3选项A.inthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthehumanbrain.B.thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotionC.thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituationD.computersimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindoesnotimitatecomputers/问题4选项A.computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife.B.humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers.C.theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpassthatofhumanbeings.D.theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains.问题5选项A.Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.B.Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.C.ThereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofmanD.Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：许多人反对在公共场所吸烟。2.【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。空格所在处的词是引导介词后的宾语从句，所以选项D符合题意。句意：物理学以前被称为是自然哲学的同等物，从中出现了如今大部分的科学。3.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B【解析】1.文章第一段第一句AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.提到安德鲁的第一桶金是因为钢铁产业受到政府的关税保护，所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass提到安德鲁没有摈弃祖先留下激进的理想主义信念，梦想让工人阶级能从中获利。因此选项B符合题意。3.第一段最后一句ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts提到了卡内基帝国所涉及的一些业务，可知并没有涉及木材生意。所以选项D符合题意。4.文章第一段ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel提到这次旅行让他相信未来的工业重心是钢铁业，因此选项D符合题意。5.文章第二段CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood提到致力于成为慈善家的想法是卡内基从小男孩时代就有的，所以这个是发生地最早的事，选项B符合题意。6.文章第二段inspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood提到由于从小受斯宾塞哲学和达尔文主义的影响，卡内基从小就有着仁慈的心肠。选项B符合题意。4.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain“保持”；gain“获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve“收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire“获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。5.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous“慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent“放纵的，宽容的”；patriotic“爱国的”；ambitious“野心勃勃的”。句意：年轻的女继承人如此慷慨，以至于几年内就把所有的钱送给了别人。选项A符合题意。6.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect“完美的”；total“全部的”；sheer“绝对的；纯粹的”；integral“完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。7.【答案】Thenutritionalvalueofricealmostequalsthatofthepotato.However,itcanbestoredatroomtemperatureforlonger.Goingtocollegeisnottherightchoiceforeveryone,northeonlyoptionatall.Onlytwoelementsofhydrocarboncanformthousandscompounds.Thereasonisthattheirmoleculescanbeconnectedindifferentways.Allofthesearetourgestudentstostudyindependentlyandindustriouslylearnhowtousetheuniversityresources.Underthecircumstanceofloweconomiclevel,itwouldincreasethepressureoffoodprovisionandemploymentopportunities.8.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline“下降”；vacancy“空缺，空白”；rarity“罕见；珍品”；shortage“缺少”。句意：日本劳动力不足的问题很难解决。选项D符合题意。9.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。shouldhave“本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。10.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。argument“论证，论据”；debate“辩论，争论”；discussion“讨论”；dispute“争吵”。句意：两位候选人的电视辩论将在周日举行。选项B符合题意。11.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段提到以前有一种错误的观点：孩子到了18岁就应该离家独立；有社会学家称中产阶级中这一观念有着重大的转变。由此可知，在以前的美国社会中，大多数成年的子女都会离开家庭独立生活，所以选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段提及年轻成年人返回家的原因：结婚年龄上升；离婚率上升和再婚率下降，使得情感受挫以及经济压力大的人重新寻求父母的庇护；去离家远的大学上学花费大，所以很多人都选择当地的大学。选项A、C、D都在文章中提到了，所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段提到年轻人与父母居住会造成生活上的一些不便，比如洗手间，电话和隐私的争议等等，选项A符合题意。4.hassles所在的句子：Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.由前后问可知，这里讲述的是年轻人与父母居住造成生活中的一些不便，所以hassles在这里有“争论，争吵”的意思，比如关于洗手间、电话和隐私的争执。选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一段指出大多数心理学家认为成年子女与父母一起生活对双方都不好：子女本来想自我独立，却被挫败；父母本应该享受经济和个人自由，却又被责任束缚。选项C符合题意。12.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。trivial“不重要的，琐碎的”；delicate“微妙的，精美的”；minor“次要的，较小的”；miniature“微型的，小规模的”。句意：当我进来的时候，一场极琐碎的就谁应该去鸡的面前捡回面包的争吵正在进行。选项A符合题意。13.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ingenious“有独创性的”；ambitious“有野心的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：指示太模糊了，不可能完成这项任务。选项D符合题意。14.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。hangbyathread“千钧一发”。句意：总统的政治未来现在正处在千钧一发的时刻。选项A符合题意。15.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。tariff“关税”；duty“税收”；revenue“税收收入”；tax“税金”。句意：政府的财政收入主要来源于我们的税收。选项C符合题意。16.【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是chemicalreactions,所以应该用which引导。选项D符合题意。17.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.paradox“矛盾，悖论”。implication“含义”；contradiction“矛盾，否认”；interpretation“解释”；confusion“混淆”。选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句话weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated提到我们能够在调查地球的社会体系时自信地认为我们有整个领域作为合理的样本供研究；该段倒数第二句话ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。从这两句话可知，研究社会知识的样本比研究天文知识的样本要大并且实际，所以我们能更好地去研究社会现象，选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段第二句ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries提到在社会体系中，它不太可能被新的发现严重颠覆。选项B符合题意。4.文章第二段incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout提到我们对于天文宇宙或者地球的地理历史的概念，当新的数据和理论进入时都很容易遭受革命性的变化，选项B符合题意。5.文章第二段ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。选项C符合题意。18.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。consolidate“巩固’；intensify“使加强”；enforce“实施”；enrich“使充实”。句意：这位总统候选人赢得了最初的机场选举从而巩固了自己的地位。19.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fiction“小说”；reduction“减少，下降”；function“功能”；fraction“小部分”。句意：电脑只需要一会就完成了人类需要几天才能完成的运算。选项D符合题意。选项D符合题意。20.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一句asDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall提到关于电脑最让人惊讶的不是它们没有人类擅长思考，而是它们竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士对于女人布道的看法一样，他认为让人惊讶的是女人能布道。选项B符合题意，他为女人能布道感到开心，虽然没有男人好。2.文章第三段theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures提到电脑缺乏人类的动力和情感。选项B符合题意。3.文章第四段havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefect提到在生活节奏缓慢的情况下，人类的大脑有一个固有的缺点，选项A符合题意。4.文章倒数第二段thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain提到由硅做出来的人工智能的推理能力将会追上人脑，由此可知计算机最终会拥有和人一样的推理能力，成为新的智能生命形式，选项A排除；作者在最后一段中提及计算机将超越人类的成就（anewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievements），并且提到智力的进化不会停止，因为人类将创造出一个新的智力物种（newspecies）选项C、D排除。所以选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段最后一句话thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon提到这种新的智能生命体更可能由硅组成，可知不是必须由有机物构成这个说法是对的，选项D符合题意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.问题1选项A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear2.单选题"Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents."Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,"declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversity,whoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenext.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,"It*sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.’’Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes."WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem/'sheexplains.’’HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses."Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith"asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（

）.2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?3.Oneofthedisadvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat4.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans（

）.5.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?问题1选项A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependentlyB.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsC.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceD.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents问题2选项A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.问题3选项A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeB.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepC.theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparentsD.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents问题4选项A.agreementsB.worriesC.disadvantagesD.quarrels问题5选项A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.3.单选题DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay’’Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutofyourself.Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:t