2023年考研考博考博英语江西财经大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语江西财经大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题TherehavebeenmanyupsanddownsforAirCanada,butthecompanycontinuestocontrolthemajorityofthedomesticmarket.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.问题1选项A.strengthsandweaknessesB.fortunesandmisfortunesC.assetsandliabilitiesD.boltsandnuts2.单选题Thiskindofsongbirdsleepsmuchlessduringitsannual（）,butthatdoesn’tseemtoaffectitsflying.问题1选项A.migrationB.emigrationC.conveyanceD.transference3.单选题Johnwill（）ifthefirmneedsanITengineerbecausehecanencodeprogramsforthefirm.问题1选项A.comeintohisownB.comeintobeingC.keeptohimselfD.holdthestage4.单选题Ican’tworkwithyou（）allthetime.Goaway.问题1选项A.steppingonmytoesB.breathingdownmyneckC.standinginthegapD.comingintoyourown5.单选题Theoldman’sfaceis（）thelinesofpressureandexhaustionthathaveaccumulatedovertheyears.问题1选项A.brandedwithB.blendedwithC.complimentedbyD.complementedby6.单选题Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementstronglybelievesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetoolstheywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.Todothisitisnecessarytostartoffwithanunderstandingoftheessentialdrivingforcesthatwillbeforcingorganizationstochange.Changeisnotrandom,thereareunderlyingprocesses.Threecentraldrivingforces—thegrowthoftheworldeconomy,thechangingnatureoftheworkforce,andthearrivalofgenuinetechnologicalcompetition—arenowatwork.Theglobalizationoftheworldcapitalmarketsthathasoccurredinthepast20yearswillbereplicatedrightacrosstheeconomyinthenextdecade.Theneedtoproducegoodsandservicesatqualitylevelspreviouslythoughtimpossibletoobtaininmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniqueswillrequireaworkforcewithmuchhigherlevelsofeducationandskills.Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.Tobeontopofthissituation,tomorrow’smanagerswillhavetohaveastrongbackgroundinorganizationalpsychology,humanrelations,andlaboreconomics.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattemptstoadvanceourunderstandingintheseareasthroughresearchandthenquicklybringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation.WhatthismeansisthatAmericanmanagershavetounderstandtheforcesof,technicalchangeinwaysthatwerenotnecessaryinthepast.Conversely,managersfromtherestoftheworldknowthatitisnowpossibleforthemtodominatetheirAmericancompetitoriftheyunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetterthantheirAmericancompetitorsdo.Intheworldoftomorrowmanagerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Iftheydon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechangesthatthosewhodounderstandwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackboxmake.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.11.Whatisitessentialforstudentstounderstandthedrivingforcesthatcanforceorganizationstochange?12.Whatwillbeneededtoproducequalifiedgoodsandservicesinmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniques?13.WhatdoestheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattempttodoinitsresearch?14.WhatdoweknowaboutAmericanmanagersfromthispassage?15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?问题1选项A.BecausetheMITSloanSchoolofManagementemphasizeditsimportance.B.Becausetheworldeconomyischanging.C.Becausestudentsneedtobeeffectiveagentsintheirfuturecareers.D.Becausetechnologicalcompetitionnowisstrong.问题2选项A.Employersshouldhaveasenseofglobalization.B.Employeesshouldbewell-educatedandskillfulintheirjobs.C.Employersshouldadaptthemselvestodifferentstylesofmanagement.D.Employeesshouldshifttheirpositionsfromonetoanother.问题3选项A.Tohelpitsstudentsbecomefirstclassmanagers.B.Totestwhetheritsstudentshaveastrongbackgroundincertainareas.C.Togivesomeinsightstothosefirstclassmanagers.D.Tohelpitsstudentsadvancetheirunderstandingsincertainareas.问题4选项A.Theyhavebeendominatedbymanagersfromothercountries.B.Theyneedtoknowmoreabouttechnology.C.Theyknowtheircompetitorsunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetter.D.Theyaretechnologicallyreadytobemanagersintheworldoftomorrow.问题5选项A.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementhasrevealedwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackbox.B.Americanmanagersknowmoreabouttechnicalchangethanmanagersfromtherestoftheworld.C.Thestyleofmanagementischangingconstantly.D.Everyfuturemanagershouldhavecross-disciplinaryknowledge.7.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.42.我认为，人之首要任务便是设法自立，如此，就能免除他人负担其生活。另外，学会严谨、细心的态度从事有意义的工作，其本身就是非常重要的一课，在其他一切人生追求中能体现出它的作用。当你想做其他事情，却仍能投身于你不喜欢的工作，这种习惯是无价的。假若年轻时，我能够培养自己有这个习惯，就能避免浪费许多时间了。8.单选题Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrentpoliticsofwealthandpovertyseeminglyaboutwealthalone?Eightyearsago,whenBillClintonfirstranforpresident,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,500,yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond,andnoonetalkedaboutthe“permanentboom”orthe“neweconomy”.Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof“notleavingasinglepersonbehind”.Itispossiblethatsimilar“compassionate”rhetoricmightyetplayaroleinthegeneralelection.Butitisstrikinghowmuchlesstalkthereisaboutthepoorthantherewaseightyearsago,whenthecountrywaseconomicallyuncertain,orinpreviouseras,whenthecountyfeltflush.Evenlastsummer,whenClintonspentseveraldaysonaremarkabletourthroughimpoverishedareasfromIndianreservationsinSouthDakotatoghettoneighborhoodsinEastSt.Louis,theadministrationdecidedtorefertotheeffortnotasapovertytourbutasa“newmarketinitiative”.Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.Themostattractivesolutiontoit—agrowingeconomy—isbeingapplied.Thepeoplewhohavebeentotallyleftoutofthisboomoftenhavemedical,mentalorotherproblemsforwhichnoonehasanimmediatesolution.“Theeconomyhassuckedinanyonewhohasanypreparation,anyabilitytocopewithmodernlife,”saysFranklinD.Raines,theformerdirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudgetwhoisnowheadofFannieMac.Whenheandotherpeoplewhospecializeintheissuetalkaboutsolutions,theytalkanalyticallyandonalongtermbasis:education,developmentofworksill,shiftsinthelabormarket,andadjustmentsinwelfarereform.ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.ItistheunusualsocialandimaginativeseparationbetweenprosperousAmericaandthosestillleftout.It’ssimpleinvisibilitybecauseofincreasinggeographic,occupational,andsocialbarriersthatblockonegroupfromtheother’sview.26.Whatdoestheword“straitened”inthefirstparagraphmean?27.Whatisoneimportantreasonwhywedonottalkmuchaboutpovertyaccordingtotheauthor?28.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?29.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?问题1选项A.StraightforwardB.WealthyC.DistantD.Difficult问题2选项A.Nooneknowswhattodoaboutit.B.Noonehasbeenleftoutofthecurrentboom.C.Povertyreallyislowerthaninthepast.D.Thepresidentisnotconcernedaboutthepoor.问题3选项A.Therelationshipbetweentherichandthepoorhaschanged.B.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontopoverty.C.Thegoodeconomywillsoonend.D.Allpeoplebenefitfromgoodeconomicconditions.问题4选项A.Toentertain.B.Topersuade.C.Totellastory.D.Todescribe.问题5选项A.Weweremoreawareofthepoorinthepastthanwearetoday.B.Thepoorarebenefitingfromtoday’sgoodeconomy.C.Thecountryisenjoyingeconomicgrowth.D.Thereweremanymorepoorpeoplethantherearetoday.9.单选题WhentheItalianpoetDantewas（）fromhishomeinFlorence,hedecidedtowalkfromItalytosearchfortherealmeaningoflife.问题1选项A.exiledB.expiredC.exemptedD.exerted10.单选题AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.问题1选项A.vigorousB.prevalentC.relevantD.rigorous11.单选题Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.Nolonger.Theinternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit,ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.31.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses（）32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?33.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat（）34.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto（）35.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?问题1选项A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.B.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.C.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.D.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.问题2选项A.Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.B.Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.C.Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.D.Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.问题3选项A.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.B.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.C.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.D.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.问题4选项A.coverthecostofitspublication.B.subscribetothejournalpublishingit.C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.问题5选项A.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.B.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.C.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.D.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.12.单选题Nowscientistscannotrealize（）soonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.问题1选项A.soB.veryC.tooD.as13.单选题ThefunnylookingmanwhomthegirlmetonthestreetofPrinstonwas（）AlbertEinstein.问题1选项A.nonebutB.noneotherbutC.nootherbutD.nobodybut14.单选题Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas“distracteddoctoring.”Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.“Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,”saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.“Mygutfeelingislivesareindanger,”saidDr.Papadakos.“We’renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit’sgettingworse.”Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,“Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.”Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantraofmodernmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe“datadriven,”andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology“offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,”butheaddedthatdoctors’firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.31.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?32.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby“distracteddoctoring”?33.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?34.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemoderndevices?35.WhatisPeterCarmel’sadvicetodoctors?问题1选项A.Tofacilitateadministration.B.Tocopewithemergencies.C.Toreducemedicalerror.D.Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.问题2选项A.Thedisservicedonebymoderndevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.B.Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.C.Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmoderndevices.D.Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.问题3选项A.Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemoderntechnology.B.Doctorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodernelectronictechnology.C.Doctors’interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients’lives.D.Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.问题4选项A.Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.B.Useofmoderndevicesaddstohospitalsrevenues.C.Patients’datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.D.Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.问题5选项A.Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient’scondition.B.Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.C.Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.D.Theymakethebestuseofmoderndevices.15.单选题Nomodernindustrialenterprisescan（）foramomentwithoutrulesandsetprocedures.问题1选项A.makeB.doC.tryD.perform16.翻译题42.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(15’)中央电视台春节联欢晚会（简称“春晚”）自1983年开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚”已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化，“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。17.单选题Theroadoutsidetheschoolisamenacetothechildren’ssafety.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.问题1选项A.troubleB.headacheC.barrierD.threat18.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.42.人们学会了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品质，正是这些品质使群体生活愉悦美好。在这些品质中，最重要的是同情。你若是残忍地对待动物，你就不大可能对其他人善良体贴。你若是对其他人体贴入微，你就不大可能残忍冷漠地对待动物。古代的智者写道“仁者爱人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待动物并不是说我们永远不能让动物承受痛苦。人类自身就是在快乐中、也在痛苦中经受锻炼。因此，有时候也需要用惩罚来训练我们的狗和马，使他们听从我们的指令。在医生的手下，为了疗好创伤或医治疾病，我们得忍受痛苦。为了国家的利益，我们派遣最勇敢的人们直面创伤、疾病和死亡。同样，我们让战马和我们一起亲冒矢石。19.单选题In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw,havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong—andyetmostdidlittletofightit.Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“likehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates.Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren,thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto（）37.Wemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthat（）38.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson?39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?40.Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis（）问题1选项A.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.B.demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.C.stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history.D.revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.问题2选项A.DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch.B.initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.C.historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’slife.D.politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history.问题3选项A.Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.B.Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves.C.Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.D.Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige.问题4选项A.SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.B.Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.C.Slaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.D.Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.问题5选项A.moralconsiderations.B.militaryexperience.C.financialconditions.D.politicalstand.20.单选题Thegovernment’sinabilityto（）itsownlawsandregulationsdisappointedtheelectorate.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.strikeC.sanctionD.enforce第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项strengthsandweaknesses“优势与劣势”；B选项fortunesandmisfortunes“机遇与不幸”；C选项assetsandliabilities“资产与负债”；D选项boltsandnuts“螺栓与螺帽，指基本的但很重要的组成部分”。upsanddowns意为“起起伏伏、盛衰、浮沉”，B选项fortunesandmisfortunes“机遇与不幸”与其最接近，因此B选项正确。句意：虽然加拿大航空公司经历了许多起起落落，但该公司仍然控制着大部分的国内市场。2.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项migration“迁移；移民”；B选项emigration“移民；移民出境”；C选项conveyance“运输；运输工具”；D选项transference“转移；转让”。句意：这种太阳鸟在一年一度的迁徙期间睡眠极度减少，但是这并不影响其飞行。由空格前的关键词“annual年度的，每年的”可知“迁移”符合句意，因此A选项正确。3.【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeintoone’sown“得到重视；得到自己该得的东西；受到尊敬；被承认”；B选项comeintobeing“形成；产生”；C选项keeptooneself“保守秘密；不交际”；D选项holdthestage“继续上演，引人注目；没完没了地讲话；卖座不衰”。根据句意可推测，约翰会编程，因此当公司需要信息技术工程师的时候，他就会被公司赏识，因此A选项正确。句意：如果公司需要一名信息技术工程师，约翰会得到重视，因为他可以为公司编写程序。4.【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项steppingonmytoes的原型是steponone’stoes，意思是“触怒某人”；B选项breathingdownmyneck的原型是breathedownone’sneck，意思是“紧跟着，紧盯着”；C选项standinthegap“挺身阻挡；首当其冲”；D选项comingintoyourown的原型是comeintoone’sown，意思是“进入繁盛期；得到自己该得的东西”。句意：你一直，我不能工作。走开。根据句意可知，“我”想让对方走开，那么很有可能是因为对方一直在监视自己，所以B选项正确。5.【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项中brand意为“给……打上烙印”；B选项中blend意为“混合”；C选项中compliment意为“恭维；称赞”；D选项中complement意为“补足，补助”。句意：老人脸上（

）岁月累积的压力和疲惫的皱纹。根据句意可推断出A选项正确，bebrandedwith有“被打上烙印；带有……的印记”的意思，在此句中可翻译为“布满”。6.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】11、【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干可以定位到第一段，believesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetoolstheywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.从这句话可以看出C项是它的转述句，因此C正确，A项是表面原因，B项不是本题干的原因，D项也是无关项，因此本题答案为C。12、【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节推断题。根据题干定位到第二段，Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.这一句我们可以看出，管理者们是需要重新开始调整新的管理方式了，因此答案为C。ABD均为错误项，题干中没有提到。13、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。本题的题干信息点在第三段的最后一句“bringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation”这一句话的意思是致力于通过研究增进我们对这些领域的理解，然后迅速将这项新研究的成果带给我们的学生，这样当涉及到人力资源方面时，他们就能成为领先的管理者。那么我们可以看出MIT学校研究的目的就是帮助它的学生在特定的领域成为佼佼者。14、【试题答案】B【试题解析】文章推断题。A项不对，后文只是说其他国家可能会超过美国，但是没有一定，C没有说一定知道其他国家更了解，D错误，是作者希望他们可以变成行业的领先者，但是还没有成为也还在学习中；因此答案B正确。15、【试题答案】D【试题解析】文章推断题。本题考查的是文章推断题。通过全文的阅读我们可以发现全文的主题就是MIT大学对于管理层的培养心得以及未来的打算。A不对，从最后一段的最后几句可以看出这个黑盒子是要管理者们自己去探索的；B也不对，B是美国管理者现在可能会面临的问题，也就是被其他国家的管理者超过，因此不对；C项全文并未着笔，D项正确，因为全文都有在讲未来的经理们要多学习各方面的知识，尤其是科技方面的，因为他们不仅需要管理能力，还需要有跨学科的能力，D正确。7.【答案】

Ibelievethatthefirstbusinessofamanistofindwaysofsupportinghimself,inwhichheshallrelieveothersoftheburdenofhisexistence.Inaddition,learningtodomeaningfulworkwithrigorandcareisaveryimportantlessoninitself,anditcanplayaroleinallotherpursuitsoflife.Itisainvaluablehabitthatwhenyouwanttodosomethingelse,youareabletodevoteyourselftoajobthatyoudon’tlike.HadIcultivatedmyselftohavethehabitinmyyouth,Imighthaveavoidedwastingmuchtime.8.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】26.【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干定位到文章第一段中的“yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond每年的联邦预算赤字预计将永远达到数千亿美元，甚至更高”和“Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof‘notleavingasinglepersonbehind’.然而，在这段更紧张的时间里，克林顿强调了‘不让一个人掉队’的重要性。”可推知straitened有“贫困的，困难的”的意思，所以D项difficult“困难的”正确。A项“简单的；坦率的”；B项“富有的”；C项“遥远的；冷漠的”；D项“困难的”，因此D选项正确。27.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.贫困率确实比过去几十年都要低，尤其是对少数群体而言。”可知C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”正确。A项“没有人知道该怎么做。”；B项“没有人被排除在当前的繁荣之外。”；C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”；D项“总统不关心穷人。”，因此C选项正确。28.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中的第一句“ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.但我认为，还有另一种力量，使这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。”可推知A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”正确，除A项之外的其他选项文中并未提及。A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”；B项“我们应该更加关注贫困问题。”；C项“良好的经济将很快结束。”；D项“所有人都从良好的经济条件中受益。”，因此A选项正确。29.【试题答案】D【试题解析】作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，这篇文章是作者在阐述为什么现在人们不去讨论“贫困”，和为什么这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。A项“娱乐”，B项“说服”，文章并未体现。C项“讲故事”，不符合。D项“描述”，符合题意。因此D选项正确。30.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。结合全文知，A项“我们过去比现在更关注穷人。”B项“穷人正受益于今天良好的经济。”未提及。C项“这个国家正在享受经济增长。”，D项“当时的穷人比现在多很多。”从文中的第一段“Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?”以前，当我们有了财富，我们就会开始讨论贫穷。为什么现在不讨论了呢？由此可知，A选项符合。因此A选项正确。9.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exile“放逐，流放；使背井离乡”；B选项expire“期满；终止；死亡；呼气”；C选项exempt“免除，豁免”；D选项exert“运用，发挥；施以影响”。句意：当意大利诗人但丁被逐出他在佛罗伦萨的家时，他决定从意大利步行去寻找生命的真正意义。固定搭配“exilefrom使流亡；把……从……流放出去”，因此A选项正确。10.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；C选项relevant“相关的；切题的”；D选项rigorous“严格的，严厉的”。句意：艾滋病是一个全球性的问题，需要一个统一的、全球性的解决办法，而不仅是艾滋病盛行的国家的责任。句意要表达的是“艾滋病盛行的国家”，因此B选项正确。11.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】31.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。本段没有明显的主题句，因此需要根据句子所陈述的意思概括出该段落的主旨大意。结合各句的含义可知，第一段主要是描述了过去学术期刊的出版过程及特点，因此D选项“期刊出版的传统过程”正确。32.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第四句Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits（澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰•霍顿和经济合作与发展组织的格雷厄姆•维克里共同撰写的这份报告让那些迄今已获得可观利润的出版商们读起来费劲）可推断出，出版商们“读起来费劲”显然不是因为读不懂，而是因为这个报告触及了他们的利益，因此C选项“这让盈利的期刊出版商感到不安”正确。33.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句中的Theinternetandpressurefromfundingagencies...ismakingaccesstoscientificresults