2023年考研考博考博英语陕西师范大学考试历年高频考试题专家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英语陕西师范大学考试历年高频考试题专家版答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced2.单选题Theywere______intheirscientificresearch,notknowingwhathappenedjustoutsidetheirlab.问题1选项A.submergedB.drownedC.immersedD.dipped3.翻译题TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.“孩子是上天送给成人的天使；宠物是成人送给孩子的天使。”宠物可以成为孩子很好的伙伴：他们与孩子玩耍，同时也与孩子进行着感情的交流。孩子可以对他们倾诉自己的心事，因为他们是最好的倾诉者；孩子受到父母的训斥或别人的嘲笑时，这些默默无闻的听者可以带给他们关怀和安慰；孩子生病时，宠物可以陪伴他们，给他们抚慰和鼓励帮助他们勇于面对困难，自强不息。4.单选题Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.问题1选项A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid5.单选题______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However6.单选题Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?问题1选项A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.B.Thesecondlanguage.C.Theforeignlanguage.D.Secondlanguageacquisition.问题2选项A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.问题3选项A.AdditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkB.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.C.AdditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkD.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework问题4选项A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkB.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage问题5选项A.InsideSLAB.OutsideSLAC.FutureofSLAD.ThethirdlanguageandSLA7.单选题Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.问题1选项A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful8.单选题ThereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjobstabilityinSouthKoreathegreatmobilityintheUnitedStates.问题1选项A.contrarytoB.inregardtoC.incontrasttoD.withrespectto9.单选题Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.问题1选项A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat10.单选题ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatherecommendsthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.Isuggestedthatthedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.Suchaprogramwouldnotonlyimproveteachingtheoryandtechnique,itwouldmakeclearwhatcompetenciesarerequiredofagoodteacherandhelpprofessorsattainthem.Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.Competenteducationalresearchisnomoreapart-timeactivitythancompetentscientificresearch.Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.Thereisnoreasontobelievethataneffectivetheoryandtechnologyofinstructionisanyeasiertoachievethancontrollednuclearfusion.Itiscertainlyeverybitasworthy.1.ProfessorKlinebelievesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversities（）.2.Theauthorwantstoimprove（）.3.Theauthorbelievesthatscientificresearch（）.4.Accordingtotheauthoreducationalresearch（）.5.Educationalresearchinmostuniversitiestoday（）.问题1选项A.leadstotheestablishmentofseparateresearchinstitutesB.isharmfultoteachingC.functionswellintheuniversitiesD.isfinanciallyunsound问题2选项A.researchinstitutesB.developmentprogramsC.educationalresearchD.part-timeactivity问题3选项A.isnotnecessarilyeasierthaneducationalresearchB.hasstandardsthateducationalresearchcannotattainC.witheducationalresearchD.mustberelegatedtoapart-timeactivity问题4选项A.isrelativelyeasyB.isquitecomplexC.isoftentrivialD.shouldhavelowerstandards问题5选项A.receivesadequatesupportB.isnolongerapart-tomeactivityC.iseasytoachieveD.needsmorecommitment11.单选题ViolenceinAmericanfamiliestakesmanyforms.Oneprevalentformthatweoftenoverlookisthephysicalpunishmentofchildren.Perhaps93%ofallparentsbeattheirchildreninordertodisciplinethem.Youngchildrenreceivethemostpunishments,butstudiesrevealthatabout50%ofhighschoolseniorsreportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.Punishmentofchildrenvariesformalighttaptobrutalbeating,buthistoricallywehavegrantedparentstherighttousephysicalforceagainsttheirchildren.Alawpassedin1696,forexample.Calledforthedeathpenaltyof“sufficientunderstanding”overtheageof16whocursedorstruckaparentwhowas“stubbornandrebellious”inrefusingtoobeyaparent.Frominterviewswith2134marriedcouplesconstitutingacross-sectionofAmericanfamilies,sociologistsestimateparentskick,punch,orbitesome1.7millionchildrenayear,beat460,000to750,000more,andattack46,000withgunsorknives.Physicalpunishmentofchildrenthatresultsininjuriesrequiringmedicaltreatmentisnowgenerallyconsideredtobeabusive.Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.AccordingtoDavidGil,“inmostaccidentsofchildabusethecaretakersinvolvedare‘normal’individualsexercisingtheirrightofdiscipliningachildwhosebehaviortheyfoundinneedofcorrection.”Ifoneadultweretostrikeanother,mostpeoplewouldregardsuchbehaviorasabusive.Mostparentsusephysicalpunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontroltheaggressionintheirchildrenandmakethemobedient.Infact,violence—whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.Anadultwhoyellsatorslapsachildunwittinglysupplythechildwithamodelforaggression.Studieshavefoundthatthefrequentuseofphysicalpunishmentforaggressiveactsbyachildresultsinamarkedincreaseinthechild’saggression.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,abusiveparentsarethemselveslikelytohavebeenabusedwhentheywerechildren.Thepatternofabuseisunwittinglytranslatedfromparenttochildandthusfromgenerationtogeneration.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?2.Theitalicizedword“it”inlineofthesecondparagraphrefersto（）.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?4.Thenumberofthechildrenbeingthreatenedbybeatingis（）.5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardphysicalpunishmentbyparents?问题1选项A.PunishmentwasoncejustifiedinAmericanlawB.MostoftheparentshaveusedphysicalpunishmenttodisciplinedisobedientchildreninAmerica.C.HighschoolstudentsrarelyreceivepunishmentfromtheirparentsD.ChildabuseisrootedinAmericanculture.问题2选项A.physicalpunishmentB.theculturalapprovalC.theregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishmentD.injuriesrequiringmedicaltreatment问题3选项A.Physicalpunishmentishelpfulforparentstocorrectchildren'sindecentbehaviorB.Parentswhousephysicalpunishmenttodisciplinetheirchildrenshouldbepunishedbythelaw.C.Achildwhoisseverelypunishedwillrevengetheabuseonhisownchildinlaterlife.D.Parentswhopunishchildrenphysicallyactuallysetbadexampleofaggressionfortheirchildren.问题4选项A.atleast2,143peryear.B.atmost750,000peryear.C.over46,000peryearD.about17,000,000peryear问题5选项A.disagreeingB.supportingC.understandingD.severelycritical12.单选题Superconductorsloseelectricalresistanceonly______subjectedtointensecold.问题1选项A.throughB.whenC.asD.by13.单选题Becareful;thispatient’sdiseaseis（）.问题1选项A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious14.单选题Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.问题1选项A.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degrade15.单选题Heisnotaverycrediblelecturer.问题1选项A.well-knownB.religiousC.ordinaryD.believable16.单选题Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.问题1选项A.GreatbreakthroughsB.UnlimitedpurchasingpowerC.Scienceandcompetition.D.Internationalcompetition.问题2选项A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstoworkB.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessingD.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod问题3选项A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocessesB.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccountingC.wasthefatherofmodemcomputersD.triedascientificmanagementapproach问题4选项A.scientificandhumanB.efficientbutslave-drivingC.academicbutpracticableD.brutalbuthighlysuccessful问题5选项A.purchasedasteelmillB.soldasteelmillC.startedtoprotectenvironmentD.leftahugeschooloffollowers.17.单选题Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.问题1选项A.decisionB.sentenceC.prosecutionD.mandate18.单选题OurhospitalhasanaffiliationwiththemedicalschooloftheCityUniversity.问题1选项A.organizationB.administrationC.connectionD.cooperation19.单选题Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.问题1选项A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt20.单选题Teenagelethargyisoftenduetolackofpropernutrients.问题1选项A.sluggishnessB.enthusiasmC.boredomD.energeticness第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项initiate“开始，发起”，一般指活动，团体的产生；B选项originate“起源于，来自，产生”；C选项embark“上船，装船，从事”，后面常接介词on/upon；D选项commence“开始”，指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据TheSpaceAge（太空时代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一颗人造卫星）可知是一件重大事件，因此选D。句意：太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。2.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项submerge“淹没”；B选项drown“淹没，溺死”；C选项immerse“使浸没于，(使)深陷于，沉浸在”；D选项dip“浸，(使)下降，下沉”。beimmersedin为固定搭配，表示“专心(埋头)于……”。句意：他们沉浸在科学研究中，不知道实验室外发生了什么。3.【答案】Childrenaretheangelsofadultsgivenbygod;petsaretheangelsofchildrengivenbyadults.Petscanbechildren'sgoodfriends.Theyplaywithchildren,aswellasexchangeemotionalfeelingswiththematthesametime.Childrencantelltheirownworriestopetsfortheyarethebestaudient.Whenchildrenarerebukedbyparentsorlaughedatbyothers,thesesilentlistenerscanbringthemcareandcomfort.Petscankeepchildrencompanywhentheyareill,givingthemcomfortandencouragingthemtofacedifficultiesandconstantlystrivingtobecomestronger.4.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。5.【答案】D【解析】考查倒装结构。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装；whatever后面常跟名词；as引导让步状语从句时，结构为：形容词/副词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语；however引导让步状语从句时，后面跟形容词或副词。句意：不管他有多迟钝，他无疑是一位非常成功的高管。6.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.（第二语言和外语学习之间的区别在于第二语言习得领域可能导致困惑，第二语言习得是应用语言学的一个分支学科，旨在了解人们如何学习第二语言以及影响他们语言学习的因素）可知选D。2.细节事实题。由文章中的SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.（第二语习得研究不仅研究第二语言学习，而且也研究任何外语、第三或第四语言学习）可知选B。3.细节事实题。由文章中的Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.（由于语言学习的复杂性，我们发现第二语习得著作通常把在同样的第二语言习得框架里讨论第二语言和外语学习）可知D选项“第二语言和外语学习一直没有在不同的的第二语言习得框架里讨论”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章中的Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.（当然，我们知道学习第三语言并不一定等同于学习第二语言）可知D选项“学习第三语言不一定等于学习第二语言”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了第二语言习得（SLA）研究的内容与目的，根据文章最后一句Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.（随着研究的深入，第三语言或第四语言习得的理论框架将逐渐形成）可知C选项“第二语言习得的未来”符合题意。7.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的，有关经济的”；B选项thrifty“节俭的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C选项frugal“节省的，节俭的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D选项careful“小心地，仔细地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“当心，注意”。根据Althoughhehasbecomerich与of可知选C。句意：虽然他变得富有了，但他仍然很节俭。8.【答案】C【解析】短语搭配题。A选项contraryto与…相反，违反；B选项inregardto关于；C选项incontrastto与……形成对比；D选项withrespectto关于，至于。句意：与美国巨大的流动性相比，朝鲜在好工作上的稳定性有几种可能的解释。根据句意和搭配，正确答案为C项。9.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrancen.障碍，妨碍；Bmisfortunen.不幸，灾祸，灾难；C选项catastrophen.大灾难，灾祸；D选项threaten.威胁，恐吓。句意：人口的增长是对地球上非人类生物生存的威胁。根据句意可知D项正确。10.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.，可知，ProfessorKline认为研究成果的竞争会对教育产生负面的影响，从而降低教学质量，即对教学有不利影响。因此，B项为正确答案。2.细节事实题。由原文…thedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.以及Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch…可知，作者认为必须提高educationalresearch的地位，要把educationalresearch和scientificresearch放在同等重要的位置共谋发展。A选项researchinstitutes一直就是学校比较重视的方面；B选项并未在文中单独说明；D选项也不是侧重点。因此，C项符合原文，为正确答案。3.观点态度题。由原文Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.可知，作者认为教育研究应该与科学研究有一样的标准，但是如果没有同等的投入和支持，无法实现这些标准。因此，B项认为“科学研究的有些标准，教育研究无法实现”是正确答案。故本题选择B项。4.细节事实题。根据原文Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.可知，作者认为教育研究并不简单，难度不亚于解开人类思维的复杂性。故本题正确答案为B项。5.细节事实题。通过原文Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.可知，如今在大学中，教育研究需要更多的承诺，教授们有责任促进教学科研水平的提高，而不是减少这类研究。因此，D项是正确答案。11.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段“...butstudiesrevealthatabout50%ofhighschoolseniorsreportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.”可知，研究表明，大约50%的高中生声称遭受体罚或者受到体罚的威胁。因此，C项“髙中生很少遭受父母的体罚”表述错误，其它选项都可在原文中找到出处。故本题答案为C项。2.词汇题。将it定位到原文第二段Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.中分析可知，然而大部分人没有意识到，正是因为“普通”体罚的经常使用以及它所享有的文化认可，才会为虐待孩子打下基础。根据句子结构可知，it指代的是theregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment。因此，正确答案是C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mostparentsusephysicalpunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontroltheaggressionintheirchildrenandmakethemobedient.Infact,violence----whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.Anadultwhoyellsatorslapsachildunwittinglysupplythechildwithamodelforaggression.Studieshavefoundthatthefrequentuseofphysicalpunishmentforaggressiveactsbyachildresultsinamarkedincreaseinthechild’saggression.”可知，大多数父母采取体罚，是认为体罚会控制孩子的攻击行为并使孩子听话，但事实上，无论是言语还是肢体暴力，都会给孩子建立不好的榜样。那些大喊大叫或者打孩子的成年人会不自觉地为孩子提供侵略性（攻击性）的模板。研究发现，经常因为孩子的攻击性行为而体罚孩子，反而会激化孩子的攻击行为。因此可判断A项错误，D项正确。原文中并未体现B项“应该受到法律惩罚”这一观点；也未说明受过虐待的父母会在晚年会报复虐待自己的孩子，他们只是会不自觉地影响到下一代的教育方式，故排除C。因此，本题正确答案为D项。4.细节事实题。由原文第—段“Frominterviewswith2134marriedcouples...beat460,000to750,000more,...”可知，受到殴打威胁的孩子数量是在460,000到750,000以上。因此，B项“至多每年750,000”与原文不符，正确答案应为C项“每年超过46,000”。5.观点态度题。本文主要讲述了父母体罚孩子的普遍性。如今体罚已被视为虐待。体罚不仅给孩子树立了坏榜样，而且会加剧孩子的攻击性。在儿童时期被体罚虐待的父母在教育下一代时也很可能会虐待孩子。由此可知，整篇文章对于体罚持否定态度，排除B和C。而从文章整体来看，作者对于体罚的态度不仅是不认同更具有批判性。因此，D项“严厉地批判”更为符合作者的态度。12.【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。在表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等从句中，当从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，谓语含有动词be时，从句中的主语和谓语可以省略。从句可以还原为whensuperconductorsaresubjectedtointensecold，因此选D。句意：超导体只有在严寒下才会失去电阻。13.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项为“意气相投的；一致的”；B选项为“易相处的；可理解的”；C选项为“义务的；必须的；强制性的”；D选项为“传染性的；会蔓延的”。根据所修饰名词disease疾病可知，D项为正确答案。14.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少，减小”，强调事物逐渐减少的过程，主要是指数量、质量等方面的减少；B选项subtract“减去”；C选项minimize“最小化，将……减到最小”；D选项degrade“降低（地位），贬低”。句意：这场火灾造成了巨大损失，但工厂表示损失没有报道的严重，试图将后果降到最低。15.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A选项为“著名的；众所周知的”；B选项为“宗教的，严谨的”；C选项为“普通的；一般的”；D选项为“可信的”。根据句意可知，他不是一个可信的演讲者。因此，D项为正确答案。16.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科学和竞争为工业效率的提高提供了方法和必要性。”而文章第一段主要讲的是科学给工业带来的突破以及竞争的必要性。综合考虑以上内容，要提高生产效率，那么科学和竞争是必需的。因此C项符合题意。2.细节事实题。通过文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的却是他将科学方法应用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中应用科学的管理方法而闻名于世。因此，正确答案是A项。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英国科学家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功运用了科学的管理方法，被认为是成本核算之父。因此，正确答案是D项。4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒强调的是人性化的方法，而非当时常见的奴隶式的方法。动词短语emphasizeAoverB表示“与B相比更强调A”。因此，泰勒强调管理方法的科学性和人性化。本题正确答案为A项。5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追随者则继续在世界各地推广他的方法。因此，D项是正确答案。17.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项decisionn.决心，决定；B选项sentencen.句子，命题，宣判；C选项prosecutionn.起诉，检举；D选项mandaten.授权，命令。根据句意陪审团的成员们在听取证词后宣布了判决，因此B项符合题意。18.【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项organizationn.组织，团体，机构；B选项administrationn.管理，行政机构；C选项connectionn.连接，关系，人脉；D选项cooperationn.合作，协作。句意：我们医院和城市大学医学院有良好的合作关系。因此，D项为正确答案。19.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项urgentadj.紧急的，急迫的；B选项hastyadj.轻率的，草率的，匆忙的；C选项instantadj.立即的，紧迫的；D选项promptadj.敏捷的，迅速的。句意：我们必须谨记仓促的决定常常会导致痛苦的悔恨。因此本题选择B项。20.【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中lethargy表示“无精打采；昏睡；嗜眠症”。A选项为“萧条；惰性；无精打采”；B选项为“热情；热心”；C选项为“无聊；厌倦”；D选项为“积极；精力充沛”。由句意可知，青少年嗜睡常常是因为缺乏适当的营养。因此，A项符合题意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.问题1选项A.makesroomB.leavesnoroomC.sparesnoeffortsD.takesnopains2.单选题Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.问题1选项A.snatchupB.summonupC.catchonD.watchout3.单选题Doctorsusuallytrytothegravityofillnessifapatientisfoundtohavecancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize4.单选题Ican’tgo—foronething,Ihavenomoney,and______,Ihavetoomuchwork.问题1选项A.what’smoreB.aswellC.foranotherD.inaddition5.单选题Judiciouspraiseis（）thesunistoflowers.问题1选项A.likechildrentoB.aschildrenasC.tochildrenwhatD.thatchildrenwith6.单选题Theofwomantomanatouruniversityisaboutfivetofour.问题1选项A.rateB.proportionC.portionD.percentage7.单选题Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision问题1选项A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume8.单选题Surprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.Weknowthatmorethan850,000childrengothroughhospitaleachyear,andthateverychildofschoolagehasalegalrighttocontinuetoreceiveeducationwhileinhospital.Wealsoknowthereisonlyonehospitalteachertoevery1,000childreninhospital.Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEngland,whichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhasonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobestgeneralhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsoftheirownschool.Iftherewasateacher,theyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork,withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenpatentsofferedtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbesttheycan.Manyshort-staychild-patientscatchupquickly.Butschoolsdoverylittletoeasetheanxietyaboutfallingbehindexpressedbymanyofthechildreninterviewed.1.Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat______.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthelatestsurveythat______.3.Childreninhospitalusuallyturnto______inordertocatchupwiththeirschoolwork.4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthoris______.问题1选项A.everychildinhospitalreceivessometeachingB.notenoughisknownabouthospitalteachingC.hospitalteachingisofpoorqualityD.thespecialchildren’shospitalsareworstoff问题2选项A.hospitalteachingacrossthecountryissimilarB.eachhospitalhasatleastoneparttimeteacherC.allhospitalsurveyedoffereducationtochildrenD.onlyone-fourthofthehospitalshavefull-timeteachers问题3选项A.hospitalteachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.schoolteachers问题4选项A.unfavorabletowardschildrenreceivingeducationinhospitalsB.infavorofthepresentstateofteachinginhospitalsC.unsatisfiedwiththepresentstateofhospitalteachingD.satisfiedwiththeresultsofthelatestsurvey9.单选题Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.问题1选项A.ontheguardB.onthewatchC.onwatchD.onalert10.单选题Evenasagirl,______tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.问题1选项A.performingbyMelissawereB.itwasknownthatMelissa’sperformanceswereC.knowingthatMelissa’sperformanceswereD.Melissaknewthatperformingwas11.单选题Americansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americ