2023年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Ifhockeyplayersaretoo（

）,theyarepenalized.问题1选项A.clumsyB.aggressiveC.briskD.flexible2.单选题

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.问题1选项A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind3.单选题Carbondioxideandothernaturallyoccurringgasesintheearth’satmospherecreateanaturalgreenhouseeffectbytrappingandabsorbingsolarradiation.Thesegasesactasablanketandkeeptheplanetwarmenoughforlifetosurviveandflourish.Thewarmingoftheearthisbalancedbysomeoftheheatescapingfromtheatmospherebackintospace.Withoutthiscompensatingflowofheatoutofthesystem,thetemperatureoftheearth’ssurfaceanditsatmospherewouldrisesteadily.Scientistsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutahuman-drivengreenhouseeffectresultingfromariseinatmosphericlevelsofcarbondioxideandotherheat-trappinggreenhousegases.Theman-madegreenhouseeffectistheexhalationofindustrialcivilization.Amajorcontributingfactoristheburningoflargeamountsoffossilfuels—coal,petroleum,andnaturalgas.Anotheristhedestructionoftheworld’sforests,whichreducestheamountofcarbondioxideconvertedtooxygenbyplants.Emissionsofcarbondioxide,chlorofluorocarbons,nitrousoxide,andmethanefromhumanactivitieswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect,causingtheearth’ssurfacetobecomewarmer.Themaingreenhousegas,watervapor,willincreaseinresponsetoglobalwarmingandfurtherenhanceit.Thereisagreementwithinthescientificcommunitythatthebuildupofgreenhousegasesisalreadycausingtheearth’saveragesurfacetemperaturetorise.Thisischangingglobalclimateatanunusuallyfastrate.AccordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,theearth’saveragetemperatureclimbedabout1degreeFinthepastcentury,andnineofthetenwarmestyearsonrecordhaveoccurredsince1990.AUnitedNationspanelhaspredictedthataverageglobaltemperaturescouldriseasmuchas10.5degreesFduringthenextcenturyasheart-trappinggasesfromhumanindustryaccumulateintheatmosphere.Whatarethepotentialimpactsofanenhancedgreenhouseeffect?Accordingtoestimatesbyaninternationalcommittee,NorthAmericanclimaticzonescouldshiftnorthwardbyasmuchas550kilometers(340miles).Suchachangeinclimatewouldlikelyaffectallsectorsofsociety.Insomeareas,heatandmoisturestresswouldcutcropyields,andtraditionalfarmingpracticeswouldhavetochange.Forexample,intheNorthAmericangrainbelt,highertemperaturesandmorefrequentdroughtduringthegrowingseasonmightrequirefarmerstoswitchfromcorntowheatandtousemorewaterforirrigation.Globalwarmingmayalsocauseariseinsealevelbymeltingpolaricecaps.Ariseinsealevelwouldacceleratecoastalerosionandinundateislandsandlow-lyingcoastalplains,someofwhicharedenselypopulated.Millionsofacresofcoastalfarmlandswouldbecoveredbywater.Furthermore,thewarmingofseawaterwillcausethewatertoexpand,thusaddingtothepotentialdanger.Globalwarminghasalreadyleftitsfingerprintonthenaturalworld.Tworesearchteamsrecentlyreviewedhundredsofpublishedpapersthattrackedchangesintherangeandbehaviorofplantandanimalspecies,andtheyfoundampleevidenceofplantsbloomingandbirdsnestingearlierinthespring.Bothteamsconcludedthatrisingglobaltemperaturesareshiftingtherangesofhundredsofspecies—thusclimaticzones—northward.Thesestudiesarehardevidencethatthenaturalworldisalreadyrespondingdramaticallytoclimatechange,eventhoughthechangehasjustbegun.Ifglobalwarmingtrendscontinue,changesintheenvironmentwillhaveanenormousimpactonworldbiology.Birdsespeciallyplayacriticalroleintheenvironmentbypollinatingplants,dispersingseeds,andcontrollinginsectpopulations;thus,changesintheirpopulationswillreverberatethroughouttheecosystemstheyinhabit.1.Accordingtothepassage,howdocarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesaffecttheearth-atmospheresystem?2.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3aboutglobalclimatechange?3.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatisoneeffectthatclimatechangecouldhaveonagricultureinNorthAmerica?4.Whydoestheauthorusetheword“fingerprint”inparagraph6?5.Whatevidencedoestheauthorgivethatclimaticzoneshaveshiftednorthward?问题1选项A.Theycollectsolarradiationthatwarmstheearth’ssurface.B.Theycreatetheconditionsfornewformsoflifetoemerge.C.Theycauseheattoflowfromtheatmosphereintospace.D.Theydecreasetheamountofoxygenintheatmosphere.问题2选项A.Climatechangewillhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonhumansociety.B.Itisdifficulttopredicttheeffectsofclimatechangeoverthenextcentury.C.Internationalorganizationshavebeenstudyingclimatechangeonlysince1990.D.Climatechangeislikelytocontinueaslongasheat-trappinggasesaccumulate.问题3选项A.ReturntomoretraditionalmethodsoffanningB.MovementoffarmstothenorthernmostregionsC.ChangesinthecropsthatfarmerscangrowD.Lesswateravailableforirrigatingcrops问题4选项A.ToshowthathundredsoffingerprintswereexaminedB.TointroduceconclusiveevidenceofglobalwarmingC.TodescribeamethodusedbytworesearchteamsD.Tosuggestthatpeopledonotcauseglobalwarming问题5选项A.Solarradiationescapesfromtheatmospherebackintospace.B.Thewaterintheoceanexpandsasitgetswarmer.C.PlantsbloomandbirdsbuildnestsearlierinthespringD.Birdsnolongerpollinateplantsorcontrolinsectpopulation4.单选题

Theideasexpressedinthearthistorian’sbookaremore（

）thanonewouldexpectonthebasisofherrather（

）treatmentofhersubjectintheopeningpages.问题1选项A.riguingB.accessible...reconditeC.hidebound...reactionaryD.insightful...innovative5.单选题WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.问题1选项A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.问题2选项A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.问题3选项A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.问题4选项A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.问题5选项A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitationsB.waslittleknowninacademiccirclesC.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculationsD.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers6.单选题Somemineralsarequitecommon,othersareregionally（

）,andstillothersarerareontheearth.问题1选项A.attributedB.distributedC.contributedD.scattered7.单选题

Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms（

）backbeforethedeadline.问题1选项A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent8.单选题Thecommitteeis（

）adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.问题1选项A.waitingB.awaitingforC.awaitingD.anticipating9.单选题Thescientistfounditpuzzlingthathistheoryencountered（

）despitewidespread

agreementthatitwas（

）.问题1选项A.respect...crucialB.dismissal...simplisticC.skepticism...unfathomableD.opposition...indisputable10.单选题RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn.WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofcountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityofeducationoutcomes—allthingthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakers,whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress1.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe（

）.2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that（

）.3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?4.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?问题1选项A.praisedtheUKforitsGDPB.identifiedGDPwithhappinessC.misinterpretedtheroleofGDPD.hadalowopinionofGDP问题2选项A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpatternB.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomyC.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUKD.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP问题3选项A.ItexcludesGDPasanindicatorB.Itissponsoredby163countries.C.ItscriteriaarequestionableD.Itsresultareenlightening问题4选项A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboomB.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdeclineC.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDPD.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissue问题5选项A.HighGDPbutInadequateWell-being,aU.KlessonB.GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthC.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDPD.Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being11.单选题Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Therapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforests,whicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarth,hasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth’secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only0.1percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt-timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.TheauthormentionsthereductionofthevarietyofspeciesonEarthinline10tosuggestthat（

）.3.Theauthormentionstheextinctionofthedinosaursinthesecondparagraphtoemphasizethat（

）.4.Accordingtothepassage,naturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangescausedbyhumansinthatchangescausedbyhumans（

）.5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?问题1选项A.ThecausesoftheextinctionofthedinosaurB.Thevarietyofspeciesfoundintropicalrainforests.C.TheimpactofhumanactivitiesonEarth’secosystemsD.Thetimerequiredforspeciestoadapttonewenvironments.问题2选项A.newhabitatscanbecreatedforspeciesB.humansareoftenmadeillbypollutedwaterC.somespecieshavebeenmadeextinctbyhumanactivityD.anunderstandingofevolutioncanpreventcertainspeciesfromdisappearing.问题3选项A.thecauseofthedinosaurs’extinctionisunknownB.Earth’sclimatehaschangedsignificantlysincethedinosaurs’extinction.C.notallmassextinctionshavebeencausedbyhumanactivityD.actionsbyhumanscouldnotstoptheirreversibleprocessofaspecies’extinction问题4选项A.areoccurringatamuchfasterrateB.arelessdevastatingtomostspeciesC.affectfewerecosystemsD.arereversible问题5选项A.HumaninfluenceonecosystemsshouldnotbeafactorindeterminingpublicpolicyB.Theextinctionofafewspeciesisanacceptableconsequenceofhumanprogress.C.Technologywillprovidesolutionstoproblemscausedbythedestructionofecosystems.D.Humansshouldbemoreconsciousoftheinfluencetheyhaveonecosystems.12.单选题Therealmofproductliabilityisonethathasalwaysputlegalscholarsandpractitionersatodds.Viewedbysomeasgenuineeffortstoprotectthepublicfromdangerousgoodsandothersasanexcusefordirtylawyerstosuerichcompanies,thematterhasyettoberesolved.Productliability,anditsimplicationsfordisgruntledconsumerswishingtosuethemakersofwhattheybuy,continuestobedebated.Thosewhoarguethatcurrentproductliabilitylawsarepositiveassertthatwithoutsuchlaws,manufacturerswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumerswhobuytheirproducts.Asaresult,theyargue,shoddymerchandisewouldemerge,witheverypossiblecomercutinordertolowercosts,attheexpenseofquality.Notonlywouldtheshoddymerchandisebearip-off,however,buttheproductscouldlikelybeharmfulaswell.Proponentsofthispointofviewhailthenewwaveofwarninglabelsandincreasedqualityassurancethathasresultedfromrecentproductliabilitylegislation,confidentintheirconvictionthatithasmadetheAmericanmarketplaceasaferplacetoshop.Opponentsofthecurrentstatus-quo,however,citetheoverwhelmingamountoflitigationthathastakenplaceasaresultofstricterproductliability.Amoderateapproachisadvisedbythisgroup,betweenthenecessarysafeguardsthatworldpreventabuseofthesystembythecompaniesandtheexcessiveconsumer-protectionlawsthatallowproducerstobesuedatthedropofahat.Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt,hopingforamilliondollaroutcome.Asthesituationstandsnow,theformercampisgettingitsway,reflectingsociety’spriorityofsafetyovereconomics.Recentlobbyingbyproducershasbeguntoshiftthetide,however.Asabuseofproductliabilitylawscontinuesandgrows,courtsarebeginningtonotethetrendandtakeappropriatemeasures,castingakeenereyeonsuchcasessoastodistinguishbetweenfrivolouscasesandmoreseriousclaims.Inregardtothefutureofproductliabilitylegislationanditsrelationtooureverincreasinglylitigioussociety,onlytimewilltell.1.Itisstatedthatconsumerswhobringproductliabilityproblemstolitigation（

）.2.Manufacturersinthetexttendto（

）.3.Thosewhofavorlessstrictproductliabilitylawsbelievethat（

）.4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueseemstobe（

）.5.Themainpurposeofthistextisto（

）.问题1选项A.areprimarilymotivatedbythepossibilityofquickmoneythroughalawsuitB.sufferinjuriesfromfaultymerchandiseanddeserveappropriatecompensationC.willfindtheiroptionslimitedinthefutureasproductliabilitylawswillmovetowardamoremoderatepositionD.bringtheirissuestolitigationbasedonbothlegitimateandprofitseekinggrounds问题2选项A.invariablyproducedangerousproductsthatrequirelegislationtoensuresafetyB.holdprofitandcost-cuttinginhigherregardthanconsumersafetyC.bethevictimsofalegalinstitutionthatunfairlytargetsthemD.beboundbythecurrentsystem,causingthemtotakecautioninproducingtheirproducts问题3选项A.suchlawscurbproducers’abilitytocreateshoddymerchandisetoattaingreaterprofitB.thelawsneedtobemodifiedtobetterservetheneedsofbothconsumersandproducersC.theresultsofsuchlawshavebeenpositivethusfar,butneedtobemodifiedD.strictproductliabilitylawsareunnecessaryandshouldbedisposedof问题4选项A.biasedB.puzzlingC.objectiveD.indifferent问题5选项A.presenttwoopposingsidesofanargumentforthereader’sconsiderationB.educatethereaderabouttheeffectofproductliabilitylegislationonthelegalsystemC.convincethereaderthatproductliabilitylawsneedtobechanged.D.informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofproductliabilitylaws13.单选题

Youmustremembernotto（

）fromthepointwhenyouwriteanessay.问题1选项A.goastrayB.wanderC.divergeD.gooff14.单选题Theemployermust（

）thattheapplicationsfortheposthavetheproperqualifications.问题1选项A.justifyB.verifyC.warrantD.perceive15.单选题Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.问题1选项A.monitorB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate16.单选题Somescientistsaredubiousoftheclaimthatorganisms（

）withageasaninevitableoutcomeofliving.问题1选项A.depressB.defaultC.degradeD.deteriorate17.单选题The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.问题1选项A.brevityB.amenityC.enmityD.fidelity18.单选题Sinceabout1800,nearthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,coal,petroleum,andgashavebeenusedatarapidlyincreasingrate.Thesupplyofthese（1）islimited,andelectricpowerisvery（2）inmanyplaces.Somescientistsbelievesolarenergyistheonly（3）whichcanmeettheworld’senormous（4）forpower.Greatprogresshadbeenmadeinharnessingthesun.Notonlyisthesunnowusedincooking,（5）italsosuppliespowerfor（6）thingsasbeaconlightsforshipsandairplanes.It（7）telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks,hearingaids,andevencommunication.SomehomesandofficebuildingsintheUnitedStatesarenowbeing（8）withsolarenergy.Thethreemostsignificanttypesofsolarequipment（9）arethefurnace,thestill,andthecell.Solarfurnacesheatwaterorair,（10）isthencirculatedthroughabuildingtomakeitcomfortable.Solarstillsare（11）importantbecausetheycanprovide（12）wateratarelativelycheaprate.Saltcaneasilybe（13）fromseawaterwithasolarstill.Themosthighlydevelopedtypeofsolar（14）equipmentisthesolarcell.Somecellsareso（15）thattheycanturn16percentoftheenergytheyreceivefromthesun（16）electricenergy.Oneofthecell’sbiggestadvantagesis（17）itcanbemadeeithersmallenoughtocarry（18）largeenoughtoproduceacurrentthatcanrunanautomobile.Besides,ithasaverylonglife.Itisstilltooexpensiveforthe（19）consumerbutwhenwaysare（20）toproduceitmorecheaply,wecanexpectitsusetobewide-spread.问题1选项A.materialsB.oresC.reservesD.fuels问题2选项A.abundantB.adequateC.scarceD.rare问题3选项A.meansB.sourceC.solutionD.resource问题4选项A.needB.desireC.necessityD.supply问题5选项A.moreoverB.besidesC.howeverD.but问题6选项A.someB.manyC.suchD.these问题7选项A.connectsB.operatesC.drivesD.manufactures问题8选项A.heatedB.burntC.equippedD.built问题9选项A.eversinceB.nowonderC.inallD.sofar问题10选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.it问题11选项A.speciallyB.especiallyC.essentiallyD.specifically问题12选项A.freshB.healthyC.boiledD.cool问题13选项A.dissolvedB.distinguishedC.dividedD.removed问题14选项A.electricB.electronicC.powerD.heating问题15选项A.powerfulB.resourcefulC.efficientD.reliable问题16选项A.throughB.intoC.byD.with问题17选项A.howB.thatC.becauseD.which问题18选项A.butB.soC.orD.too问题19选项A.tipicalB.normalC.averageD.general问题20选项A.discoveredB.inventedC.disclosedD.revealed19.单选题Hewasfiredbecausehewas（

）lateforwork.问题1选项A.occasionallyB.consistentlyC.presentlyD.weekly20.单选题

Amotionpicturedirectorforovertwentyyears,JohnChampmanstampedhisfilmwith（

）tyleandpersonalconviction.问题1选项A.himselfB.hisownC.hisD.him第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。clumsy“笨拙的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；brisk“敏锐的，活泼的”；flexible“灵活的，柔韧的，易弯曲的”。句意：如果曲棍球选手太过于具有攻击性，将会被处罚。选项B符合题意。2.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，轻蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意识”；mind“精神，理智，决心”。句意：他的批评伤害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她现在非常伤心。选项C符合题意。3.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Carbondioxideandothernaturallyoccurringgasesintheearth’satmospherecreateanaturalgreenhouseeffectbytrappingandabsorbingsolarradiation提到二氧化碳与其他气体是通过捕获和吸收太阳辐射而形成了温室效应。选项A符合题意。2.文章第三段提到联合国一个专门小组已预测，随着人类工业的吸热气体在地球大气层的逐渐增加，全球平均气温在下个世纪可能上升10.5华氏度，选项D“只要吸热气体不断累积，气候变化就可能继续”符合题意。3.文章第四段主要提及了温室效应的潜在影响（potentialimpacts），并举了北美谷物种植带的例子来说明气温如果持续增高，当地人民只能种植小麦而不再种植玉米。选项C“农民可以种植的作物发生变化”符合题意。4.文章第六段提到研究团队通过查阅众多相关资料证明自然世界对气候变化已经做出了的回应是引人注目的（Thesestudiesarehardevidencethatthenaturalworldisalreadyrespondingdramaticallytoclimatechange,eventhoughthechangehasjustbegun.）由此可以推知fingerprint在这里有“证据”的意思。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段theyfoundampleevidenceofplantsbloomingandbirdsnestingearlierinthespring提到研究人员发现充分的证据，比如春天里植物开花和鸟类筑巢在时间上提前。由此可知选项C符合题意。4.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。compelling“引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；accessible“易接近的，可进入的，可理解的”；recondite“深奥的，隐藏的”；hidebound“死板的，保守的，顽固的”；reactionary“保守的，反动的”；insightful“有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative“革新的，创新的”。句意：跟她在开篇对主题的深奥表述，对于读者而言，这个艺术史学家书中的观点要容易理解很多。选项B符合题意。5.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段第三句话AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.“科学家们说一个新的爱因斯坦将会出现。但是需要很长一段时间”，根据这句话可知选项D符合题意。2.文章第五段提到了爱因斯坦所受的教育不同。在他青少年时期他时常阅读卡特、叔本华、斯宾诺莎这些哲学家的作品。这些作品教会了他如何独立以及抽象地去思考时间与空间。由此可推知爱因斯坦“独立以及抽象的思维”是他成功的关键。所以选项B符合题意。