2023年考研考博考博英语外交学院考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语外交学院考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thesailorrepliedinatoneasangrilyas（）,thathehadlosthislegabroadindefenseofthosewhodidnothingathome.问题1选项A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs2.单选题Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“likegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.2.JulesLodish（）.3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT（）.4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?问题1选项A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantlyB.makeseverymusclestopmovinggraduallyC.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStatesD.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured问题2选项A.wantstocommitsuicideB.supportsanOregonlawC.determinedtolivelongerD.isbecomingunconscious问题3选项A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcareB.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusinessC.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthemD.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound问题4选项A.ishavingexperthelpB.knowshowtocopewiththediseaseC.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevicesD.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople问题5选项A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.C.Providingmedicalconsultation.D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.3.单选题Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.问题1选项A.adduceB.suspensionC.bayD.court4.单选题Idon’tbelieveyouaregoingtohavethematterlookedintotoday,（）?问题1选项A.areyouB.doyouC.aren’tyouD.don’tyou5.单选题WhenhewontheprestigiousCulturalPrizeinGermanyin1994,“itwasreportednowhereinBritain,”hesays,soundingratherpiqued.问题1选项A.annoyedB.satisfiedC.excitedD.humiliated6.单选题Criticscalledtheproposala（）gamethatisnoteasilyrecognizable.问题1选项A.boardB.ballC.homeD.shell7.单选题Corporationsasagroupofferavarietyofjobs.Mostlargecompaniessendpeopletocollegestocollegestointerviewgraduatingstudentswiththerequiredacademictraining.Alargeuniversitymayhavemorethan500companiesayearknockingonitsdoors.Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.Corporations,however,illustratetherulethatthebiggestisn’talwaysthebest.Manysmallfirmswithjustafewhundredemployeeshavepositionsthatmaycorrespondwithyourprofessiongoals,too.Suchfirmsmaynothavethetime,money,orneedtosendpeoplearoundtoyourcollege;you’llprobablyhavetocontactthemyourselfeitherdirectlyorthroughanemploymentagency.Don’tignoretheselittlecompanies.Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.Forexample,asmallcompanymayneedabrightengineering,accountingormanagementgraduatewhowouldreportdirectlytotheseniorvice-presidentofengineering,thecompanycontroller,orthegeneralmanager.Inlargerfirmsitmaytakeyearstoreachlevelandaccumulatesimilarin-depthexperience.Inaddition,responsibilitiesmaycomefasterinasmallfirmwithlessspecializationandfewerlower-levelemployeestoreceivedelegatedauthority.1.Thepurposeofthepassageis（）.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoflargecorporations?3.Theword“Their”(paragraph2,line6)refersto（）.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsmallfirm?5.Withwhomisthepassagemostprobablyconcerned?问题1选项A.todefinecorporationsandfirmsB.toshowtherelationbetweenfirmsandcollegesC.toinformthejob-seekeroftheemploymentrequirementsD.togiveadescriptionofcorporationsforcollegestudents问题2选项A.Theyonlyemploycollegegraduates.B.Theycanoffermanyjobopportunities.C.Theyhavemanysub-companiesnationwide.D.Theirrequirementsareverycompetitive.问题3选项A.corporations’B.graduatingstudents’C.smallfirms’D.employers’问题4选项A.Itmaybeunnecessaryforthemtosendpeopletocolleges.B.Theiremployeesmaybepromotedmorequickly.C.Theymayofferpositionswhichyoudemand.D.Theycannotaffordtosendpeopletocollege.问题5选项A.StudentsB.EmployersC.EmployeesD.Engineers8.单选题Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.问题1选项A.uponB.inC.aboutD.down9.单选题PerhapsthebestWashingtoncandoistoremindtheKremlinofthelikelygeopoliticalrepercussionsofanaggressive,nucleararmedIran.问题1选项A.insatiabationB.replicationC.ionizationD.reverberation10.单选题Shouldeveryonebegettingmorefolicacid?That’sthequestiononalotofdoctors’minds.ThoughnotasfamousasvitaminC,folicacidplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofjustabouteverycellinthebody.MemberoftheB-vitaminfamily,it’sfoundnaturallyinorangejuice,beansandgreenvegetables.Thereissomeevidencethatfolicacidmayreducetheriskofheartdisease,butitisbestknownforitsroleinpreventingspinalbifidaandotherbirthdefects.Indeedeversince1998,whentheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationmandatedthatitbeaddedtocerealproducts,thenumberofso-calledneural-tubedefectshasdroppednearly20%acrossAmerica.Nowcomeswordthatthevitaminmay,justmay,helpwardofftheravagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.Inastudyofmorethan1,000olderadultspublishedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,researchersatBostonUniversityandTuftsUniversityfoundthatsubjectswhohadhighlevelsofaparticularaminoacidcalledhomocysteineintheirbloodweretwiceaslikelytodevelopAlzheimer’sasthosewhodidn’t.Thefindingisimportantbecauseoneoftheeasiestwaystolowerhomocysteinelevelsistogetplentyoffolicacid.Thestudy,althoughnotdefinitive,isthestrongestevidencetodatethathomocysteineplaysaroleinAlzheimer’s.PreviousresearchhadfoundthatAlzheimer1spatientsoftenhavehighlevelsoftheaminoacidintheirblood-thoughthatcouldbebecausefolkswithAlzheimer’softendon’teatverywell.Thenewstudylaysthatexplanationtorest.AspartofthefamousFraminghamstudy,whichhastrackedthedevelopmentofheartdiseaseamongresidentsofFramingham,Massachusetts,formorethan50years,.researchersinthe1970sstartedmeasuringthehomocysteinelevelsofmenandwomenwhohadnotyetdevelopeddementia.Thosepatientswhosehomocysteinelevelsmeasuredover14micromolesaliterwhiletheywerestillhealthyweretwiceaslikelytobediagnosedwithAlzheimer’sdiseaselateron.Thatdoesn’tmeanthatifyouhavehighhomocysteinelevels,youwillgetAlzheimer’s,orthatlowhomocysteinelevelswillprotectyourfromdementia.It’snotevencertain,warnsDr.SudhaSeshadri,aneurologistatBostonUniversitywholedthestudy,thatloweringhomocysteinelevelswilllowertheriskofAlzheimer’s.Butthecaseforaddingfolicacidtoyourdietisgettingbetterallthetime.Ofcoursethebestsourceofanyvitaminisahealthydiet.Forthoseofuswhostilldon’teatourbeansandvegetables,mostmultivitaminscontaintherecommendeddailyfolicaciddoseof400micrograms.(Eatingfourslicesofenrichedbreadgivesyoutheequivalentofroughly100micrograms.)Thereisnoriskofoverdose,althoughhighlevelsoffolicacidcanmaskthesignsofperniciousanemiainpeoplewhohavedevelopedthedisorder.Folicacidbyitselfmaynotkeepthedoctoraway,butthere’snoharmtrying.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?2.Theword“pernicious”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.3.WhendidtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationmandatethatfolicacidbeaddedtocerealproducts?4.Thediseaseof“dementia”(paragraph4)hassomethingtodowith（）.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfolicacid?问题1选项A.Folicacidisbestknownforitsroleinpreventingspinalbifida.B.Thereisariskofoverdoseoffolicacid.C.Thereisevidencethatfolicacidmayreducetheriskofheartdisease.D.Ifyouhavehighhomocysteinelevels,youwillgetAlzheimer’s.问题2选项A.mildB.fatalC.moderateD.benign问题3选项A.1998B.1990C.2000D.1997问题4选项A.spineB.backC.bloodD.mind问题5选项A.FolicacidisamemberoftheB-vitaminfamily.B.Folicacidplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofjustabouteverycellinthebody.C.Folicacidbyitselfmaynotkeepthedoctoraway.D.Folicacidreducestheriskofheartdisease11.单选题Ididn’treadtheblurb;I（）straightintothefirstchapter.问题1选项A.divedB.ranC.plungedD.read12.单选题Redeemingyourcarfromthe（）canbeexpensive.问题1选项A.baseB.poundC.groundD.parkinglot13.单选题Peoplefromupper（）gatheredtogetherattheauctionyesterday.问题1选项A.cropB.cruxC.cultD.crust14.单选题Beneaththerhetoricaboutwhoispracticingapurerformofthesportisanastybattleoverwhowilldominateaccesstotherocks——aficionadosof“sport”.问题1选项A.creatorsB.enthusiastsC.organizersD.advocators15.单选题Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately（）andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.问题1选项A.independentB.proprietaryC.socialD.stable16.单选题Inappealingthecaseagain,youwilljustbekickingagainstthe（）.问题1选项A.pricksB.ballsC.gunsD.winds17.单选题Weknowshewasalwaysas（）asherword,sowetrustedher.问题1选项A.goodB.honestC.faithfulD.true18.单选题Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.问题1选项A.pitB.troubleC.pitfallD.storm19.单选题Thewizenedoldmaninthehomefortheagedwasstillactiveandenergetic.问题1选项A.tractableB.texturedC.adeptD.shriveled20.单选题Accordingtotheconditionsofmyscholarship,afterfinishingmydegree（）.问题1选项A.myeducationwillbeemployedbytheuniversityB.employmentwillbegiventomebytheuniversityC.theuniversitywillemploymeD.Iwillbeemployedbytheuniversity第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查代词辨析。asangrilyasthey(replied)，其中replied被省略，that从句是replied的宾语，句意：水手用和他们一样愤怒的声调回答说，他在国外失去了一条腿，是为了保护那些在国内毫无作为的人。因此A选项正确。2.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle（A.L.S是一种渐进性的麻痹性疾病，几乎使每一块肌肉都停止活动）”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症或卢伽雷氏症，常被描述为一种活死人。身体会变得松弛，而头脑却保持完整和敏锐的意识。）”，由此可推断出肌萎缩性侧索硬化症使肌肉病变会有一个循序渐进的过程。A选项“使人立即瘫痪”说法错误；B选项“使每一块肌肉逐渐停止活动”符合题意；C选项“在美国是高度传染性的”和D选项“是由基因决定的，不能治愈”文章都没有提到。因此B选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.（但当人们问洛迪什对自己的生活有何感想时，他的眼神流露出了身体所没有的那种强烈感，他回答说：我仍然期待着。）”和第四段“lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.（但对于那些像洛迪什医生一样想要活下去的病人，人们却知之甚少。）”，由此可推断出Dr.Lodish虽然被肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症折磨，但他仍不失积极乐观的心态，对生活充满期待，决定好好生活与病魔抗争到底。A选项“想自杀”说法错误；B选项“支持俄勒冈州一项（允许医生协助自杀的）法律”文章没有提到；C选项“决心活得更长”符合题意；D选项“正在变得失去意识”说法错误。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness…（专家说，让许多病人活下来的，是一种未完的事业感……）”；第九段“Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.（那些做得最好的病人是那些拥有涵盖护理和医疗护理的保险，使他们能够避免一些与疾病相关的主要健康风险的人，以及那些家庭成员在得不到专家帮助时可以支付时间的人。）”以及第十段“havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem（许多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰，这些信仰帮助他们维持生命）”，因此A选项“他们有涵盖护理和医疗的保险”；B选项“他们有一种未完的事业感”以及C选项“他们有强烈的宗教信仰来支持他们”在文中都有提到，只有D选项“他们从周围的人那里得到了强大的精神支持”文章没有提及，因此D选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.（这条与世界相连的线让他与家人和朋友保持联系，让他成为他们生活中重要的一部分。）”以及第十四段“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell（具有讽刺意味的是，我现在和很多人交流的次数比我健康时还多）”，由此可知Dr.Lodish与病魔作斗争是通过经常与他人沟通交流，分享生命中的点滴。A选项“正在接受专家的帮助”；B选项“知道如何对付这种疾病”；C选项“配备了先进的设备”都不是主要原因，只有D选项“经常与他人交流”符合题意，因此D选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第十二段“whodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.（他设计了自己复杂而详细的治疗方案。）”；第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation…（这条与世界相连的线让他与家人和朋友保持联系，让他成为他们生活中重要的一部分。他继续提供医疗咨询……）”，由此可知B选项“制定自己的治疗方案”；C选项“提供医疗咨询”和D选项“与许多人交流”说法正确，文章都有提及，而A选项“治疗了很多癌症患者”可定位到文章最后一段“Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.（洛迪什说，他自己想活下去的决心，在一定程度上来自于他长期治疗癌症患者的经验，这些患者常常觉得确诊就等于判了死刑。）”，该段落只说了Dr.Lodish想活下去的决心来自治疗癌症患者的经验，并没有直接说他治疗了很多癌症患者，因此A选项符合题意，A选项正确。3.【答案】B【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项adduce“（v.）举出；引证”；B选项suspension“悬浮；暂停；停职”；C选项bay“海湾；狗吠声”；D选项court“法院；球场；朝廷；奉承”。句意：在他到来之前，这笔交易被暂时搁置。abeyance“中止，停顿；归属待定，暂搁”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。4.【答案】A【解析】考查反义疑问句用法。题干属于陈述部分为主从复合句的反义疑问句。一般有两种情况：当陈述部分为主从复合句“主语+从句”时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致，如HeknowsthatwhereIlive,doesn’the？；当陈述部分为Ithink（believe,suppose）that...等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致，如Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe?题干陈述部分为Idon’tbelieve(that)...从句部分为youaregoingtohave...，因此A选项正确。5.【答案】A【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项annoyed“恼怒的，烦闷的”；B选项satisfied“感到满意的”；C选项excited“兴奋的，激动的，活跃的”；D选项humiliated“蒙羞的，感到自惭的”。句意：当他1994年在德国获得享有盛誉的文化奖时，“英国没有任何报道，”他说，听起来相当愤怒。Piqued“赌气的，不满的，激怒的”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。6.【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项board“木板，甲板，膳食，董事长”；B选项ball“球，舞会”；C选项home“家，住宅，产地，家乡，避难所”；D选项shell“壳，贝壳，炮弹，外形”。shellgame为固定搭配，意为“骗局”。句意：批评人士称该提议是一场难以辨认的骗局。因此C答案正确。7.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文开篇为我们介绍corporations的一些特点：corporations提供各种类型的工作；平均每年有超过500家corporations会派面试人员去高校找寻合适的高校毕业人才；大公司有相对完善的职工培训和退休机制，每年的年产值能创造出上千个工作岗位。接下来说明大企业也有一些缺陷，这些缺陷正是小公司的优势所在，为此作者还详细说明了这些优势的具体表现。文章最后举例说明与大企业相比较，小公司对毕业生而言的优势。本文通过比较论证让我们更加清楚什么是corporation。A选项“定义corporations和firms”；B选项“展示公司和大学之间的关系”；C选项“告知求职者有关的就业要求”都不符合题意，D选项“为大学生描述公司”正确，因此D选项正确。2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第一段“Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.（大公司是最适合工作的地方，因为它们的正常增长、员工退休和人员流动每年在全国范围内创造了成千上万的工作机会。）”可知大企业工作机会很多。A选项“他们只雇佣大学毕业生”说法错误；B选项“他们可以提供很多工作机会”正确；C选项“他们在全国有很多子公司”和D选项“他们的职位需求很有竞争力”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第五句话“Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.（他们的薪水通常很有竞争力，晋升和认可的机会甚至比大公司还要大。）”。由此可知这里是拿大公司的薪水与小公司的薪水相比。A选项“公司的”；B选项“毕业生的”；D选项“老板的”都不符合题意，C选项“小公司的”符合题意，因此C选项正确。4.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.（你可以成为一个小池塘里的大鱼，比你爬上一个公司巨头竞争最激烈的阶梯更快地到达另一个高层位置。）”可知小公司提供的职位比你想要的还高。A选项“他们可能没有必要送人上大学”；B选项“他们的员工可能会升职更快”；D选项“他们供不起员工上大学”文章都有提到，C选项“他们可能提供你需要的职位”说法错误，因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。从文中第一段说很多大企业去校园进行招聘并述说了你在大或者小企业里各自所获他们各自的工作优势，可知本文是想给那些学生尤其是即将毕业的学生介绍一些有关大企业和小公司的特点，为他们就业提供更多参考。A选项“学生”；B选项“雇主”；C选项“员工”；D选项“工程师”。因此A选项正确。8.【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项setupon“袭击；挑拨，唆使；开始”；B选项setin“开端；来临；到来”；Csetabout选项“开始着手；考虑”；D选项setdown“放下；记下；登记；写下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B选项正确。9.【答案】D【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项insatiabation不存在；B选项replication“复制；回答”；C选项ionization“电离；游离；离子化；电离作用”；D选项reverberation“混响；反射；反响；回响”。句意：或许华盛顿能做的最好的事情就是提醒克里姆林宫，一个咄咄逼人、拥有核武器的伊朗可能会产生地缘政治影响。repercussions“反响，影响”，D选项与该词词意最相近，因此D选项正确。10.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第一段倒数第二句话“Thereissomeevidencethatfolicacidmayreducetheriskofheartdisease,butitisbestknownforitsroleinpreventingspinalbifidaandotherbirthdefects.（有一些证据表明，叶酸可能会降低患心脏病的风险，但它最广为人知的作用是预防脊柱裂和其他出生缺陷。）”。A选项“叶酸最著名的作用是预防脊柱裂”漏掉了“其他出生缺陷”；B选项“过量服用叶酸有风险”说法错误，原文为“Thereisnoriskofoverdose…”；C选项“有证据表明叶酸可以降低患心脏病的风险”；D选项“如果你有高同型半胱氨酸水平，你会得老年痴呆症。”说法错误，因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。Pernicious“有害的，恶性的，致命的，险恶的”。A选项“温和的，轻微的，淡味的，文雅的”；B选项“致命的，重大的，毁灭性的，命中注定的”；C选项“稳健的，温和的，适度的，中等的，有节制的”；D选项“良性的，和蔼的，亲切的，吉利的”。B选项与题干意思最接近，因此B选项正确。3.细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段最后一句“Indeedeversince1998,whentheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationmandatedthatitbeaddedtocerealproducts,thenumberofso-calledneural-tubedefectshasdroppednearly20%acrossAmerica.（事实上，自1998年美国食品和药物管理局规定将其添加到谷类食品中以来，全美所谓的神经管缺陷数量已经下降了近20%。）”，因此A选项正确。4.判断推理题。由题干定位到文章第四段“Thosepatientswhosehomocysteinelevelsmeasuredover14micromolesaliterwhiletheywerestillhealthyweretwiceaslikelytobediagnosedwithAlzheimer’sdiseaselateron.（那些健康时同型半胱氨酸水平超过14微克/升的患者，在以后被诊断为老年痴呆症的可能性是正常人的两倍。）”，由此可推断出痴呆症与大脑受损有关，因此D选项正确。5.细节事实题。A选项“叶酸是b族维生素家族的一员”；B选项“叶酸在人体几乎每个细胞的发育过程中都起着至关重要的作用”；C选项“叶酸本身并不能让医生远离你”在文中都有提到，D选项“叶酸降低患心脏病的风险”说法太绝对，文中说的是可能会降低，因此D选项正确。11.【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项diveinto“迅速把手伸入；投入；一心投入；跳入（指的是跳水标准动作，运动员的那种头朝下的）”；B选项runinto“遭遇，陷入；撞上，撞到；偶然遇见”；C选项plungeinto“投入；跳入（主要指暴力一些的进入，比如车失控冲进水里；人郁闷地把头埋进冷水盆里）；突然或仓促地开始某事；猛冲；使突然陷入；纵身投入”；D选项readinto“曲解；加上另外的意思于；隐藏某种意义”。句意：我没有读简介，直接仓促地开始读第一章。因此C选项正确。12.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项base“基底；基础；基地；基本成分”；B选项pound“英镑；重击；违章停车车辆扣留场；流浪狗收留所”；C选项ground“地面；土地；范围；战场”；D选项parkinglot“停车场”。句意：从车管所赎回被扣的汽车可能要花很多钱。因此B选项正确。13.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项crop“产量，农作物，庄稼，平头”；B选项crux“关键，症结，难题，十字架形，坩埚”；C选项cult“狂热，异教团体，宗教信仰，膜拜仪式，时髦的人（或事物），信徒”；D选项crust“地壳，外壳，面包皮，坚硬外皮”。uppercrust“上流社会，上流阶级”。句意：上流社会的人昨天在拍卖会上聚集。因此D选项正确。14.【答案】B【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项creators“创作者，造物主”；B选项enthusiasts“热心人，热衷者，狂热者”；C选项organizers“主办单位，举办方，举办者”；D选项advocator“提倡者，拥护者”。句意：在关于谁在练习一种更纯粹的运动形式的言辞背后，是一场关于谁将主导进入岩石运动的恶战——“体育”的狂热者。Aficionados“迷，狂热爱好者”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。15.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项independent“独立的；单独的；无党派的；不受约束的”；B选项proprietary“专卖的，专营的；所有的，所有权的”；C选项social“社会的，社交的；群居的”；D选项stable“稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的；持久的”。句意：对于禁猎区的猴子而言，最重要的一点是它们是一个群体；这之所以如此，是因为灵长目动物具有一种根深蒂固的群居习性，均围绕着对方而营造其生活。16.【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项pricks“（v.）戳；扎破；（使）感到刺痛；（眼睛）发酸；（使）内心痛苦；驱使；（使）耳朵竖起；（n.）扎；戳孔；沮丧；赶牛棒；笨蛋；穿刺；针刺感；卑鄙的人”；B选项balls“（n.）球；（v.）把……捏成球状”；C选项guns“（n.）枪支；枪状物；持枪歹徒；（v.）用枪射击；加大油门快速前进；向……开枪；开大油门”；D选项wind“（n.）风；呼吸；气味；卷绕；（v.）缠绕；上发条；使弯曲；吹号角；绕住或缠住某人”。根据固定搭配kickagainstthepricks“以卵击石；徒劳的抵抗”可知该题选pricks。句意：你再提起上诉，那是在以卵击石。因此A选项正确。17.【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项good“（adj.）好的；优良的；愉快的；虔诚的；（n.）好处；善行；慷慨的行为；（adv.）好”；B选项honest“诚实的，实在的；可靠的；坦率的”；C选项faithful“忠实的，忠诚的；如实的；准确可靠的”；D选项true“（adj.）真实的；正确的；（adv.）真实地；准确地；（n.）真实；准确”。根据固定搭配beasgoodasone’sword“说话算数，守信”可知本题选good。句意：我们知道她一向信守诺言，所以我们信任她。因此A选项正确。18.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pit“矿井，深坑，陷阱”；B选项trouble“麻烦，烦恼，故障，动乱”；C选项pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，诱惑”；D选项storm“暴风雨，大动荡”。句意：如果我们默许，那么我们将在未来陷入到借贷麻烦中。因此B选项正确。19.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项tractable“易于管教的；易驾驭的；易处理的；驯良的”；B选项textured“起纹理的；质地不平的；（艺术、文学、音乐等）有神韵的”；C选项adept“熟练的；擅长……的”；D选项shriveled“枯萎的”。句意：敬老院里那位干瘪的老人依然精神抖擞。wizened“干瘪的；枯萎的；消瘦的”。D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。20.【答案】D【解析】考查被动语态。该句强调的对象是“我”，因此主句的主语必须是“我”。句意：根据我奖学金的条件，在结束学习之后，我将被这所大学录用。A选项强调的是“myeducation”；B选项强调的是“employment”；C选项强调的是“theuniversity”；只有D选项强调的是“I”。因此D选项正确。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（）hisworkontime.问题1选项A.accomplishesB.canaccomplishC.hasaccomplishedD.accomplish2.单选题Ifyoukeepgettingwrongnumbers,yourphonecouldbe（）.问题1选项A.deficientB.deceptiveC.defectiveD.ineffective3.单选题Insomeculturestheessenceofmagicisitstraditionalintegrity;itcanbeefficientonlyifithasbeen（）withoutlossfromprimevaltimestothepresentpractitioner.问题1选项A.conventionalizedB.manipulatedC.transmittedD.aggrandized4.单选题Justastheauthor’sbookoneelsisoftenakeytextforcoursesinmarinevertebratezoology,theirideasonanimaldevelopmentandphylogeny（）teachinginthisarea.问题1选项A.preventB.defyC.replicateD.inform5.单选题Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.问题1选项A.ridiculeB.retirefromC.examineD.conquer6.单选题TheGermancompanyretaineda（）positioninhormoneresearch.问题1选项A.chairB.poleC.soapD.floor7.单选题Evenbytighteningthepursestringsandcutting（）spendingotherthan（）necessities,theaverageBeijingresidentwouldstillneedatleast25yearstobuyanapartment,thelatestreportshows.问题1选项A.out,onB.off,onC.out,forD.down,for8.单选题Mansonwasascientistofunusual（）andimaginationwhohadstartlingsuccessin（）newandfundamentalprincipleswellinadvanceoftheirgeneralrecognition.问题1选项A.restiveness,acknowledgingB.precision,coordinatingC.candor,dispellingD.insight,discerning9.单选题Hesatthereswiggingbeerandsmoking.问题1选项A.suckingB.lappingC.GulpingD.sipping10.单选题Georgeisonlyastalking（）,hismotheristherealboss问题1选项A.horseB.catC.duckD.tiger11.单选题MarketshadfearedthatDollymightdisruptproductionintheGulfofMexico,butthestormmissedtheoilfieldsbeforebearing（）Texas.问题1选项A.downonB.downatC.awayatD.awayto12.单选题Thesenatorwasaccusedofwafflingonmajorissues.问题1选项A.vaguingB.stiffeningC.vacillatingD.reshuffling13.单选题China’sresponsetoNorthKorea’sshellingofYeonpyeongIslandtwoweeksagohasbeenremarkablyflaccid.问题1选项A.firmB.shrewdC.ambiguousD.limp14.单选题Thisyearisa（）yearforme,forIboughtmyownhousesuccessfully问题1选项A.tautB.tawnyC.bannerD.bumper15.单选题Hepromisedtoreturnthebookthenextdaywithout（）.问题1选项A.failB.defaultC.troubleD.failure16.单选题WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.问题1选项A.visitingB.travelingC.watchingD.touring17.单选题

Hewasalwaysdecliningtheirinvitationsonthe（）ofillhealth.问题1选项A.groundsB.reasonC.excuseD.cause18.单选题Lookingback,it’shardtocomprehendhowtheTasmaniansettlerscouldhavebeensocavalieraboutthetiger’sbiologicaluniqueness—soheedlessoftheconsequences.问题1选项A.extemporeB.offhandC.infunctionateD.disconcerting19.单选题Haveyoueverreceived（）ofwhathashappenedtoher?问题1选项A.thewordB.wordsC.wordD.thewords20.单选题Takingalow-doseaspirineverydaywillreduceyourchancesofdyingfromcancer,scientistssaytoday,confirmingtheover-the-counterpillsasthemostextraordinarydrugyetdiscovered.Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.ThestudypublictodayintheLancetmedicaljournalrevealsthatitalsohasapowerfulpreventiveactionagainstarangeofcancersandpossiblymoreofthemthanthereiscurrentlyenoughevidencetoprove.Whilethedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysayitisnotforthemtomakerecommendations,theleadauthor,46-year-oldProfPeterRothwellfromOxfordUniversity,sayshehasbeentakingaspirinforthelasttwoyears.Thebeneficial