初中定语从句讲解练习及答案

PAGEPAGE4定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.

Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.

Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.

Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.

Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.

Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.

Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.

Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.

Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.

Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.

Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.

Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.

Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.

Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.

Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.

Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.

Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.

Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.

Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing19.

Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.

Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalk B.withwhoIoftentalkC.Ioftentalkwith D.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whose B.who’s C.it's D.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.Ineed C.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.who B.towhom C.whom D.that 练习(二)1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.

A.which

B.what

C.as

D.those5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.

A.that

B.where

C.inwhich

D.inthat

6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.

A.atwhich

B.onthat

C.inwhich

D.ofwhat

7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..

A.howyouhaveobserved

B.whatyouhaveobserved

C.thatyouhaveobserved

D.howthatyouhaveobserved8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.

A.because

B.why

C.that

D.whether9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhich

B.that

C.allthat

D.which10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whose

B.ofwhich

C.inwhich

D.onwhich11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.

A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.

A.whoissinging

B.issinging

C.sang

D.wassinging15.Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learn

B.who

C.thatlearns

D.wholearn16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.

A.that

against

B.that

against

C.whoisagainst

D.whoareagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?

A.Inoddedjustnow

B.whomInoddedjustnow

C.Inoddedtohimjustnow

D.Inoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?

A.thatyoutalked

B.youtalkedaboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwith

D.youtalkedabout19.Isthereanything_______toyou?

A.thatisbelonged

B.thatbelongs

C.thatbelong

D.whichbelongs20.“Howdoyoulikethebook?”

“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”

A.that

B.which

C.theone

D.theonewhat21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.

A.theones

B.ones

C.some

D.theothers22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.

A.which

B.where

C.onwhich

D.inthat23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.

A.where

B.inwhich

C.underwhich

D.which24.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.aboutwhich25.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.

A.