阅读理解之说明文-备战2021年中考英语一遍过 （解析版）

考点29阅读理解之说明文

”英语说明文"，顾名思义，就是一种以"说明、解释"为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事

物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文

那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐

明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特

点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔

人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、

自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性

的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构

特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

说明文阅读理解的特征

一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who-whatT

when—where—>howtwhy。

1.who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）

2.whal：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）

3.when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）

4.how：通过什么方式表现出来的？

5.why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。

明二跟踪训练

A

Haveyouevergonetoafast-foodrestauranttoeatandgottenakid'smealthatcamewithatoy?Sometimes

thosemealshavedifferenttoysfbrboysandgirls-maybeatruckfortheboysandatoybearforthegirls.Who

decidesthatboysliketoplaywithtrucksandgirlsliketoplaywithstuffedanimals?Iknowmanyboyswholike

stuffedanimalsandlotsofgirlswhoplaywithtrucks.Whenwedecidewhatsomeonewilllikeorhowtheywillact

justbecausetheyareboysorgirls,wearestereotyping（形成模式化观念）.

Astereotypeisagroupthatweputpeopleinto.Ourhumanbrainsdothisallthetime;it'soneofthewaysthatour

brainhaslearnedtodealwiththeworld.Weseesomeoneandputthatpersonintoagroup-forexample,theoldor

theyoung,aboyoragirl.Isthatabadthing?No,it'snot.

Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidlybecausewemayhavehada

similarexperiencebefore.Theuseofstereotypesisamajorwayinwhichwesimplifyoursocialworld;sincetheycut

downtheamountofprocessing(i.e.thinking)wehavetodowhenwemeetanewperson.

Althoughgroupingitselfisn'tbad,itcanbeharmfulsometimes.Itmakesusienoredifferencesbetweeneach

singleperson,thatis,weusuallythinkallthepeopleinonegrouparethesamebutthatmightnotbetrue.

Whenwestereotype,wethinkofagroupandgiveeveryoneinthatgroupcertaincharacteristics.Forexample,

thefastfoodrestaurantbelievedthatallboysliketoplaywithvehiclesandallgirlsprefertoyanimals.Theydidthat

basedonlyonwhethertheywereboysorgirls.

Stereotypesareproblemswhenbeliefsthatpeoplehaveaboutgroupsarenotnecessarilytrue.Haveyouever

heardanyonesaythat"Menarebetterdriversthanwomen"?Statementslikethistakeagroupofpeopleandgiveallof

themthesamebehaviorsorcharacteristics.Iknowmenwhoaregooddrivers,andIknowwomenwhoaregood

drivers.Itsnotfairtojudgeallpeopleinagroupbyastereotype.Weneedtorememberthateveryoneinthegroupis

anindividualwhohasdifferentabilities,interests,strengthsandbehaviors.

30.Theexampleofdifferenttoysforboysandgirlsismentionedtoshowthat.

A.boysandgirlspreferdifferenttoys

B.boysandgirlsaretreatedunfairly

C.peoplesometimesmixchildren'slikes

D.peoplehavefixedideasonthings

31.Whichofthefollowingstereotypesisuseful?

A.Makingfriendsbyhisappearance.

B.Boysdobetterinsciencethangirls.

C.Youtheasilydounreasonablethings.

D.Redsignsontheroadwarnusofdanger.

32.Theunderlinedword"ignore"inParagraph4probablymeans.

A.failtonoticeB.failtotrustC.failtosearchD.failtoface

33.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutstereotyping?

A.Stereotypingislikeacoinwhichhastwosides.

B.Ithelpsourbrainlearntodealwithsimilarsituations.

C.Judgingpeoplebystereotypingthemmakesthingshard.

D.Tryingtolearnaboutandformsomekindsofthemstereotypes.

【答案】30.D31.D32.A33,A

【解析】模式化观念就是我们把人们放在某一个群体里，产生固有印象。模式化观念既有优点，也有缺点。

优点是它能使我们迅速处理各种情况，简化社会世界；缺点是它会让我们忽视每个个体之间的差异。

【30题详解】

推理判断题。根据短文第一段的内容可知，作者先从生活中的事例出发，目的是给读者引出模式化观念这

一概念，然后对它进行具体的介绍。D选项符合文意，故选D。

[31题详解】

推理判断题。根据短文第三段“Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidly

becausewemayhavehadasimilarexperiencebefore.M可知，模式化观念的一个优点是使我们根据以前的相似

经历，快速处理各种情况。结合生活常识可知，红色会起到警告的作用，D选项符合文意，故选D。A、B

和C三项都是模式化观念产生的不好的影响。

【32题详解】

词义猜测题。根据语境"Itmakesusignoredifferencesbetweeneachsingleperson,thatis,weusuallythinkallthe

peopleinonegrouparethesamebutthatmightnotbetrue.v"它使我们每个个体之间的差异，认为一个群

体里所有人都是一样的”，由此可猜测ignore意为“忽视”，即“没能注意到……”，故选Ac

[33题详解】

主旨大意题。根据短文第三段“Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidly

becausewemayhavehadasimilarexperiencebefore.M可知，这里介绍了模式化观念的优点；再根据第四段

^Althoughgroupingitselfisn'tbad,itcanbeharmfulsometimes.可知，模式化观念也有缺点。A选项“每个

硬币都有两面”符合文意，故选A。B和C两个选项太片面；D选项不符合文意。

B

SouthChinaMallShoppingCoupons（优惠券）

SixHoursfreeparking

Ifyouspend¥100ormoreinourstores,youwillreceivesixhoursoffreeparking.Takethiscoupontothe

servicedeskonthefourthfloortostamp（盖章）！

Buyone,getonefree

BuyoneshirtortieatDaniel'sMenswear,andgetanothershirtortieofthesamevaluefree.Hurry!Offerends

November14.Offerlimitedtoonepercustomer.

WinaYl,000CDCollection

Winyourchoiceof¥1,000worthofCDsfromDJMusicStore.JustbuyanytwoCDsandyournamewillgo

intothecompetition.Chooseyourownprizefromourmanykindsofrock,pop,jazz,andclassicalmusic.

10%Off

ShowthiscouponattheBookStoretogeta10%offonanybooksyoubuy.Wehavelotsofbookstochoose

from,includingchildren'sbooks,novelsandtravelguides.You'resuretofindsomethingthatyouwillenjoy.

Freesoftdrink

Buyanymealforatleast¥50atMike'sCafe,andreceiveafreesoftdrink.Weservethebesthamburgersand

snacksinthemall.Comeinandtryourdeliciousmealsandourexcellentservice.Youwon'tbedisappointed!

Half-pricemovietickets

Buyanyfull-pricemovieticketonTuesdayorWednesday,andyoucanbuyasecondticketforafriendforonly

ahalfprice.Thelatestmoviesareallhere.

21.IfyouspendY100ormoreinthestore,youcanget.

A.afreeshirtB.afreestamp

C.afreebookD.acouponoffreeparking

22.IfyougototheBookStore,youcanchoose.

A.shirtsB.mealsC.Children'sbooksD.movietickets

23.Lindawantstohaveafreesoftdrink,shecangoto.

A.Mike'sCafeB.Daniel'sMenswear

C.theBooksStoreD.DJMusicStore

【答案】21.D22.C23.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了华南购物广场优惠券的一些信息和情况。

[21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第1大段**IfyouspendY100ormoreinourstores,youwillreceivesixhoursoffreeparking.,,

如果你消费100元以上在我们商店，你能享受6个小时的免费停车。可知，故选D。

[22题详解】

细节理解题。根据第4大段“Wehavelotsofbookstochoosefrom,includingchildren'sbooks,novelsandtravel

guides."我们有很多书籍可以选择，包括儿童书，小说和旅游指南。可知，故选C。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据第5大段"Buyanymealforatleast¥50atMike'sCafe,andreceiveafreesoftdrink.”在

M汰e，sCa隹可以享受免费的不含酒精的饮料。可知，故选A。

C

YouAreWhatYouEat

Genetic（基因的）engineeringisthescientificchangeofthegeneticmaterialinalivingthing.Itallowsscientists

toidentifyspecificgenes,toremovethemfromalivingthing'schromosomes（染色体）,improvethem,analyzethem,

andpossiblyclonethem,andtothenreinsertthechangedgeneintotheoriginallivingthing,oracompletelydifferent

livingthings.Unliketraditionalbreeding（繁殖）,whereadesiredqualitywouldbebredwithinthesamekindofliving

things,geneticengineeringcaninsertdesiredonesintolivingthingsofdifferentkinds.Wow...didyoucatchthat?

Geneticengineeringcreatesmanypositivecontributionstoagriculture.Forexample,bygeneticallyengineered

（GE）foods,anti-canceragents,mineralsandvitaminscanbeincreased.Improvedtaste,shelflife,andbettertransport

areallpossible.Also,GEplantscanincreasepestandbacterialresistance（抵抗力）,therefore,makingthefoodsafe

fortheconsumers.

Butsomearguethatthepossiblenegativeeffectsoutweighthepositives,andcriticsarestartingtovoicetheir

worries.UnlikeEurope,intheUnitedStateslabeling（贝占标签）isnotrequiredongeneticallyengineeredfoodsoron

foodsthatcontaingeneticallyengineeredproducts.MostAmericansdonotrealizethattheyare,infact,eatingGE

foods.

Thepublicisalsoconcernedabouttheunknownhealthrisks.Withlimitedunderstandingofgenes,scientists

cannotpredictpossibleeffects.BecausemostgenesintroducedintoGEplantscomefromsourcesnotintroducedinto

thehumanbody,itisimpossibletoknowiftheywillcausereactions.Moreover,duetothelackoflabeling,ifallergies

（过敏）develop,itwillbeextremelydifficulttofindtheoriginofthem.

Thereisalsoamajormoralquestioninmanyminds.Formany,theconflictisnotifitissafeornot,butitdisturbs

thembecauseitisunnaturalandunnecessary.Wearecurrentlyproducingoneandahalftimestheamountoffood

neededtofeedtheworld,yetoneinsevenpeoplearestarving.SoGEfoodisunnecessary,andfailstoaddresstheroot

ofhunger.Manybelievethattheonlypeoplewhowillbenefitarethecorporationsthatproduceit.

ScientistscannotforeseethepossibleeffectsofGEfoods,yetweeatthemeverydaywithoutevenknowingit.

Wealreadyhaveenoughfood,sowhycreatemorethatcouldbepotentiallyharmfultous,totheEarthandtoall

wildlife?Ithinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowfbrsurehowthesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenot

worththerisk.

27.Accordingtothepassage,traditionalbreedingisdifferentfromgeneticengineeringbecause.

A.traditionalbreedingchangesthegenesinthesamekindoflivingthings

B.traditionalbreedingtakesplacewithinthesamekindoflivingthings

C.traditionalbreedingismorescientific

D.traditionalbreedingchangesthegenesindifferentkindsoflivingthings

28.AccordingtoParagraph5,GEfoodisunnecessarybecause.

A.customerswillbenefitfromGEfood

B.we'renowproducingmorefoodthanbefore

C.itwon'thelpsolvetheproblemofhungerintheworld

D.thereareobviousdangersinproducingGEfood

29Whatisthewriter'swritingpurpose?

A.Tointroducegeneticengineering'spositivecontributionstoagriculture.

B.TowelcomegeneticengineeringandGEfood.

C.TodiscussthedifferencesbetweenGEfoodandotherfood.

DTotellpeopletokeepGEfoodoffbeforetheirinfluenceonusisclear.

【答案】27.B28.C29.D

【解析】本文主要介绍了基因工程技术。基因工程可以将所需的生物转化为不同物种的生物，它为农业做

出了巨大的贡献。而转基因食品是不必要的，因为它不会帮助解决世界上的饥饿问题，并且还可能存在一

些隐患。

【27题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中Unliketraditionalbreeding（繁殖），whereadesiredqualitywouldbebredwithinthesame

kindoflivingthings.与传统育种不同，在传统繁殖中，期望的品质将在同一种生物中培育。可知选项B叙述

的和原文一致，故选B。

【28题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中的句子Wearecurrentlyproducingoneandahalftimestheamountoffoodneededtofeed

theworld,yetoneinsevenpeoplearestarving.可知GEfood还不能解决世界饥饿问题。故选C。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章的最后"段中的句子1thinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowforsurehow

thesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenotworththerisk.作者说，GEfood好处是惊人的，但是在我们确定这些食物

会对我们产生什么影响之前，它们不值得冒这个险。可知作者是在告诉人们在转基因食品对我们的影响变

得明显之前不要食用。故选D。

D

Roundeyes,roundhead,roundears,roundbody!Whatisthislovelylittleanimal?Helookslikeabear.Butheis

notabear.He'saKOALA.

PeopleinAustralialovekoalasandtakecareofthem.Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely.Noonecan

killthemfortheirprettyfur.Whenakoalaisborn,hehasnofur.Andheisnotasbigasyourlittletoe!Themother

koalahasapocketinthefrontofherbody.Thebabygoesintothiswarmpocket.Therehestaysforsixmonths.

Whenthebabyleavesthepocket,hehasmuchfur.Andheisaboutasbigasyourshoe.Heclimbstohismother's

back.Heridestherewhilesheteacheshimhowtofindfood.Mrs.Koalaisalovingmother.Shetakesgoodcareofher

baby.Butwhenheisbad,shebeatshim!Thebabycriesjustasasmallchilddoes.Ifhekeepsoncrying,hismother

beatshimagain.Whenhestopscrying,shetakeshiminherarms.Andthentheybothgotosleepforawhile.

Thekoalacouldnotlivewithoutaspecialkindoftree.Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfood.Formost

oftheday,thekoalasleepsinthetree.

Atnight,thekoalalooksforfood.Hemaygomilestofindit.Helikesonlythebark（树皮）andtheleavesofthe

tree.Heeatsnothingelse.Andheeatsmorethantwopoundseachnight!

It'sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfiresmonthsagoinAustralia.Weshouldprotectthe

environmentandcaremoreaboutwildlife,andthenwewillseethesmilingfacesoflovelykoalasagain,

59.PeopleinAustralia.

A.setupplacesforkoalastolivesafelyB.putkoalasinthetree

C.raisebabykoalasintheirpocketsD.keepkoalasintheirhomes

60.Koalascannotlivewithoutaspecialkindoftreebecause.

A.theyhavetokeepcoolunderthetreeB.theyeatthefruitonthetree

C.theyliveinthetreeandgetfoodfromitD.theystayinthetreeallthetime

61.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.KoalasonlyliveinAustraliaandweshouldprotectthem.

B.Australianslookafterkoalasalhomeandgivethemenoughfood.

C.Thousandsofkoalashidthemselvessafelyinthebushfiresmonthsago.

D.Therearenodifferencesbetweenourfoodandkoalas'food.

【答案】59.A60.C61.A

【解析】本文主要介绍了考拉的一些生活习性。

【59题详解】

细节理解题。根据第2大段“Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely."他们为它们搭建安全居住的地方。

可知，故选A。

[60题详解】

细节理解题。根据第4大段“Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfood.”这种树给他家和食物。可知，考拉

不仅能住在这种树上也能在树上得到食物。故选C,

[61题详解】

推理判断题。根据第2大段^Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely.澳大利亚人为它们搭建安全居住

的地方，再根据第6大段"It'sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfiresmonthsagoinAustralia.We

shouldprotecttheenvironmentandcaremoreaboutwildlie”很遗憾澳大利亚的数千只考拉因为数月前的大火

死了，我们应该保护自然和野生动物。根据常识可知，考拉只生活在澳大利亚，我们应该保护它们是正确

的，故A正确；根据第4大段“Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfbod.”这种树给他家和食物。可知，考

拉住在树上而不是家里，故B错误；根据第6大段“It，sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfires

monthsagoinAustralia.”很遗憾澳大利亚的数千只考拉因为数月前的大火死了，可知，不是藏起来了，故C

错误；根据第5大段“Helikesonlythebark（树皮）andtheleavesofthetree.“他只喜欢树皮和树叶，可知，考

拉的食物和我们的食物有很大的差别，故D错误。故选A。

DoctorSeusswasbomin1904.Bythemiddle1950s,hehadbecomeoneofthebest-lovedandmostsuccessful

children'sbookwritersintheworld.Hisbooksareverypopularwithyoungreaders.Theyenjoytheinventedwords

andthepicturesofunusualfunnyanimalsandplants.

In1954,lifemagazinepublishedareportaboutschoolchildrenwhocouldnotread.Thereportsaidmany

children'sbookswerenotinteresting.DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthat

wereinterestingandeasytoread.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.Hedidnotreceive

traininginart.Yet,hedrewthepicturesformostofhisbooks.

In1957,Dr.SeusswroteTheCatintheHat.Heusedlessthan230wordstowritethebookandevena

six-year-oldshouldbeabletoreadit.Itwasafunstoryandeasytoread.Childrenlovedit.Theirparentslovedit,too.

Todayitisstilloneofthestoriestheylikebest.ThesuccessofTheCatintheHatmadehimwanttowritemorebooks

forchildren.In1960,hewroteabookusinglessthanfiftywords.ThebookiscalledGreenEggsandHam.

In1984,DoctorSeusswonaPulitzerPrize（普利策奖）.Hewashonoredfortheeducationandenjoymenthis

booksprovidedAmericanchildrenandtheirparents.

Hediedattheageof87,buthisinfluenceremains.Millionsofhisbookshavebeensoldworldwide.Peoplesay

hisbookshelpedchangethewayAmericanchildrenlearnedtoread.Yet,hisbooksarelovedbypeopleofallages.

DoctorSeussoncesaid,nIdonotwriteforchildren.Iwriteforpeople.1'

65.DoctorSeusslearnedfromthemagazinethat.

A.someschoolchildrencouldnotread

B.manychildren'sbookswereinteresting

C.childrenwantedtolearntoread

D.awriterforchildrenwaswanted

66.DoctorSeusstomakehisbookinterestingandeasytoread.

A.soldhisbooksinlargeoutdoorthemeparks

B.usedwordswiththesameendingsoundanddrewpictures

C.soldhisbookswithsomefreetoystothechildren

D.usedasmanysimplewordsandsentencesaspossible

67.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.DoctorSeusswrotebooksonlyforchildrenintheUnitedStates.

BDoctorSeusswroteGreenEggsandHamwithmorethan230words.

C.TheCatintheHatwaswrittenonlyforsix-year-oldchildren.

D.Hisbooksprovidededucationandenjoymentforchildrenandparents.

68.FromthetextweknowthatDoctorSeuss.

A.wonaPulitzerPrizesoonafterhisdeath

B.soldmillionsofhisbookshimselfworldwide

C.changedAmericanchildren'swayofreading

D.wrotethelargestnumberofbooksintheworld

【答案】65.A66.B67.D68.C

【解析】本文介绍了苏斯博士的生平以及他的书。人们喜欢他的书，是因为他的书有趣而且浅显易读。他

之所以受到尊敬是因为他的书给美国的孩子们和他们的父母带来了教育和快乐。他的书在世界各地销售。

人们说他的书改变了孩子们读书的方法。

【65题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中In1954,lifemagazinepublishedareportaboutschoolchildrenwhocouldnotread.可知

DoctorSeuss从杂志得知孩子不能读这件事，故选A。

【66题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthatwereinteresting

andeasytoread.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.可知，苏斯博士强烈希望能帮助

孩子们，并决定写一些有趣、易读的书。他用了同样结尾音的词，像鱼和愿望。故选B。

【67题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中Millionsofhisbookshavebeensoldworldwide.可知，他的书在全世界都有销售，不仅

仅是为美国孩子而写的，A选项错误；根据文中In1960,hewroteabookusinglessthanfiflywords.Thebookis

calledG/re/tEggs可知《绿鸡蛋和火腿》这本书不到50词，B选项错误；C选项文中并未提到；根

据文匚「DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthatwereinterestingandeasyto

read.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.他的书为美国儿童和他们的父母提供了教育

和享受，他为此而感到荣幸cD选项正确，故选D。

【68题详解】

主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解及文中PeoplesayhisbookshelpedchangethewayAmericanchildrenlearned

toread可知DoctorSeuss改变了美国孩子学习阅读的方式，故选Co

F

Hasanyoneevertoldyouthateatingcarrotswillhelpyouseeinthedark?Thisisjustoneofmanyincorrect

beliefsyoumayhaveheard.Below,TEENShaspickedoutscientificexplanationsforthreemistakesthatpeoplemake

abouttheireyes.Let'stakealook.

Caneatingcarrotsimproveyoureyesight?

CarrotsarerichinvitaminA,whichhelpstheeyestoturnlightintoinformationforyourbrain.Thisallows

peopletoseeindarkerplaces.However,eatingmorecarrotswon'thelpyouseebetter.Acertainminimumamount

willhelp,butalargenumberofcarrotswillnotgiveyousuperhumanvision.

Ifyourparentshavebadeyesight,willyouhavehadeyesight,too?

Myopia（近视）canbepassedfromparentstochildren.AstudybytheAmericanOptometricAssociation

foundthatifbothparentsaremyopic,there'sa33to60percentchancethattheirchildwillbe.Forchildrenwhohave

oneparentwithmyopia,thechanceis23to40percent,andit'sdownto6to15percentforkidswithnon-myopic

parents.Soifyoureyesightisbad,yourchildrenmightstillhavegoodvision.

Docolorblindpeopleseetheworldinblackandwhite?

Colorblindnessdoesn'tusuallymeanthatpeopleseetheworldlikeanoldmovie.Theyusuallycan'ttellcertain

colorsapart,especiallygreenandred.Anothercommonlyconfusedpairofcolorsisyellowandblue.Oureyeshave

conecells（视锥细胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.Ifthesecellsdon'tworkproperly,colorblindness_

occurs.Therearedifferentlevelsofcolorblindness.Somepeopleareonlycolorblindinlowlight.However,inthe

mostseriousformofcolorblindness,everythingisshadesofgray.

26.Accordingtothearticle,eatingcarrots.

A.stopsthebrainfromseeingB.doesn'thelpyouseebetteratall

C.willhelpyouseeclearlyinthedarkD.isgoodforyoureyestosomedegree

27.Ifbothparentshavemyopia,theirchild'schanceofhavinggoodeyesightis.

A.40-67%B.33-60%C.23-40%D.6-15%

28.Theunderlineword^occurs^inthispassageprobablymeans.

A.恶化B.发生C.改善D.加深

29.Whatisthecauseofcolorblindnessaccordingtothetext?

A.Watchingmoviesfortoolong.B.Gettingtoolittleexercise.

C.Conecellsnotworkingproperly.D.Changesinthewavelengthoflight.

30.Whatisthepurposeofthearticle?

A.Tooffersomeadviceonprotectingyoureyes.

B.Toclearupsomemisunderstandingsaboutoureyes.

C.Toprovidehelpforimprovingyourvision.

D.Toexplainhowbadeyesightandcolorblindnessform.

【答案】26.D27.A28.B29.C30.B

【解析】本文是•篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年们为人们对眼睛所犯的三个错误做出了科学的解释，

消除一些关于人们眼睛的误解。

【26题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中第二段Caneatingcarrotsimproveyoureyesight?里的内容uCarrots...whichhelpsthe

eyestotumlightintoinformationforyourbrain.Thisallowspeopletoseeindarkerplaces.However,eatingmore

carrotswonthelpyouseebetter.”可知胡萝卜富能帮助眼睛将光线转化为大脑的信息。这使得人们可以在黑

暗的地方看到东西。然而，多吃胡萝卜并不能帮助你看得更好。也就是说吃胡萝卜在某种程度上对眼睛有

好处。故选D。

【27题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中第三段Ifyourparentshavebadeyesight,willyouhavebadeyesight,too?里的内容

“…bothparentsaremyopic,there'sa33to60percentchancethattheirchildwillbe.”可知如果父母都是近视眼，

他们的孩子有33%到60%的几率近视。那么他们的孩子有40%到67%的几率拥有好的视力。故选A。

【28题详解】

词义猜测题。根据文中第四段Docolorblindpeop加seetheworldinblackandwhite?中^Oureyeshavecone

cells（视锥细胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.M可知我们的眼睛有锥形细胞，可以感知不同波长的

光。uIfthesecellsdon^workproperly...w如果这些细胞不能正常运转，那么色盲就会发生。所以“occurs”

是发生的含义。故选B。

【29题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中最后一段"Oureyeshaveconecells（视锥细胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.If

thesecellsdon'tworkproperly,colorblindnessoccurs.”可知视锥细胞如果不能正常运转，就会导致产生色盲。

故选C。

【30题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文中第一段“TEENShaspickedoutscientificexplanationsforthreemistakesthatpeoplemake

abouttheireyes.Let*stakealook.”可知青少年们为人们对眼睛所犯的三个错误做出了科学的解释。让我们看

看。故选B。

G

Fromvideogamesandmuseumstomedicaltraining,VR（virtualreality,虚拟现实）hasbeenchangingourlives

forthebetter.However,thiswonderfulnewtechnologyhasaso-farunsolvableproblem:Itmaymakepeoplefeelsick

fromtheVRexperience.Thefeelingofsickness,causedbyVR,iscalledcybersickness.

"WithmodernVRsystems,thepossibilityofcybersicknessafteronly15minutes'experienceisfrom40to70

percent,"ThomasStoffiregen,aresearcherattheUniversityofMinnesota,USsaid.Thissicknessisprobablycaused

bysensoryconflict（感觉冲突），explainedStoffregen.WhenyouarewearingaVRheadset,yourbody*smotion

sensorscannotmatchtheinformationreceivedbyyoureyes.Forexample,whenwewearaVRheadsetandridea

virtualroller-coaster,wethinkwearegoingupanddown,butourbodiesstaystill.Itleadstothelossofbalance.

Sicknessisfromourbodies'naturalreactiontotheexperience.Addingtothisproblem,womenaremorelikelytofeel

sickfromtheVRexperiencethanmen.

AccordingtoastudybyBasRokers,ascientistattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,US,onereasoncould

betheheadsets.Toworkproperly,VRheadsetsmustmatchupwithyourPD（pupildistance,瞳品巨）.Sincetheyare

designedlargerPD,noteveryonegetsthebestexperience.RokersfoundthelargerPDdistanceis,thegreater

discomfortwillcause.Basedonhisstudies,about90percentofwomenhaveashorterPDthantheheadsetismade

andthat'sthereasonwhywomenaremorelikelytohavecybersickness.

CybersicknesspreventsthewidespreaduseofVRtechnology.Onceitbecomescomfortableandeasytouse,

however,itcouldplayagreatroleinourlives.

8.WhichisRightaboutcybersickness?

A.It'sacommonproblemwithVRtechnology.B.Itiscausedbyone'spoorsenseofdirection.

C.Ifsmorepossibleforyoungpeopletofeelsick.D.Ilonlyhappenstowomenandchildren.

9.Theexampleofridingavirtualroller-coasterisusedto.

A.tellwhatitisliketohavecybersicknessB.explainhowcybersicknessiscaused

C.tellpeoplehowtoavoidcybersicknessD.showhowcybersicknessinfluencespeople

10.Whyarewomenmorelikelytohavecybersickness?

A.Theyhaveapoorsenseofdirection.B.VRheadsetsareonlymadeformen.

C.VRheadsetsaretoolargefbrtheirPDs.D.Theyareeasytolosebalance.

11.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheVRtechnology?

A.TheVRtechnologyhasalreadyplayedagreatroleinourlives

B.ThereisstillsomethingtodobeforeVRtechnologyplaysagreatrole.

C.