工程造价管理前沿外文翻译

PAGE第26页共26页OnthestageoftheprojectcostmanagementAbstractProjectcostmanagementisthebasiccontentstodeterminereasonableandeffectivecontroloftheprojectcost.Describedthecurrentstageoftheprojectcostmanagementsituationonthestrengtheningofthevariousstagesofconstructioncostmanagementoftheimportanceofandraisedanumberofkeyinitiatives.Keywords：costoftheconstructionprojectcostmanagementstatusinvestmentdecisionphaseofthedesignphaseoftheimplementationphaseofthecostmanagementinamarketeconomy,EvenundertheWTOandChina'saccessiontotheworldcommunity,China'sconstructionindustryhowtoeffectivelycontrolconstructioncostoftheconstructionandmanagementofanimportantcomponentpart.However,thecurrentbudgetfortheconstructionprojects-estimate,budget,Superbudgetaccountsforthe"superthree"isstillwidespreadandthateventuallyledtoaseriouslossofcontrolofprojectinvestment.Projectcostmanagementisthebasiccontentstodeterminereasonableandeffectivecontroloftheprojectcost.Astheprojectcosttotheprojectrunsthroughtheentireprocess,stagebystagecanbedividedintoInvestmentDecisionstage,thedesignandimplementationphases.Theso-calledProjectCosteffectivecontrolistheoptimizationoftheconstructionplansanddesignprogramsonthebasisofinthebuildingprocessatallstages,useofcertainmethodsandmeasurestoreducethecostoftheprojectshaveareasonablecontrolonthescopeandcostoftheapprovedlimits.Engineeringandcostmanagementworkofthecurrentstatusofprojectcostmanagementsystemwasformedinthe1950s,1980sperfecttogether.Performanceofthecountryanddirectlyinvolvedinthemanagementofeconomicactivities.Provisionsinthedesignstagetodifferentestimatesorbudgetpreparationaswellasgovernment;Nothingrelevantdepartmentstoformulateabudget,content,methodsandapproval,thebudgetwillprovidethefixedcostofequipmentandmaterialsandfixedpriceofthebudgetpreparation,approval,managementauthority,andsoon.Withthehistoricalprocess,afterrecovery,reformanddevelopment,formedarelativelycompletebudgetestimateofquotamanagementsystem.However,asthesocialistmarketeconomicdevelopment,thesystem'smanyproblemshavealsoexposed.Generallyspeaking,thebudgetestimateisbasedondirectparticipationinthemanagementofnationaleconomicactivityasaprecondition.enterpriseisnottheactualeconomicentities.Duetothecharacteristicsoftheplannedeconomy,and,atthetimeundertheconditionsofproductivity,willinevitablybecomeashortageintheeconomy.Insevereshortageofcommoditiesundertheconditions,aslongasacertainlevelofinvestment,willbecertainoutputs.Inthisenvironment,theprojectplanningandtechnicalargumentationtherecanbenoeconomicanalysis.Statecontroloftheprojectcostconstitutekeyfactorsequipmentandmaterialsprices,wagesandtaxesofartificialdistribution.Inthisrelativelystableeconomicenvironment,thebudgetestimateforthesystemapprovedprojectcost,helpthegovernmenttocarryoutinvestmentplanstoplayamajorrole.Asthesocialistmarketeconomicsystemestablished,requiresustopredictprojectinvestmentandcontrol.Inrecentyears,internationalinvestmentprojectdevelopedtotherequirementsofpriorpre-controlandinthemiddleofcontrol.China,thetraditionalpracticeinanobjectivelightonthecausedecision-making,implementationheavy,lighttheeconomyandtechnology,First,theconsequencesofvictimization,Duetothetechnicalpersonneloftheprojecttechnicalandeconomicconceptsandaweakawarenessofcostcontrol,costmanagementmakesthequalitydifficulttoraise.ProjectCostcontrolisdifficulttoachievelong-termgoals.Second,thevariousstagesoftheprojectmanagementviewoftheabovecircumstances,Myfirstacademiainthe1980smadethewholeprocessofcostmanagementandcontrolconcept,buildingdepartmentswillstudythefeasibilityofprojectsandthebudgetsandfinalaccountstotwoextendedattherequestofthecorrespondingregulationsputourcostmanagementconceptsandmethodsreferredtoanewheight.OurtasknowistobemodernandcostmanagementinlinewithChina'snationalconditionsofthemarketeconomysystemgoal,learnfromtheadvancedexperienceofthedevelopedcountries,andestablishsoundmarketeconomiclawsofprojectcostmanagementsystem,effortstoincreasetheprojectcostlevels.Aninvestmentdecision-makingphaseoftheprojectcostmanagementconstructionprojectinvestmentdecision-makingstageisproposedprojectproposals;conductafeasibilitystudytodetermineinvestmentestimationandthefinalpreparationofdesigntask.Atthisstage,theproject'stechnicalandeconomicdecision-making,oftheconstructionprojectcostoftheprojectafterthecompletionoftheeconomicbenefitshaveadecisiveinfluence,Theconstructioncostisanimportantstagecontrol.China'scurrentstageoftheprojectcostfortheprojectmanagementforthepurposeofclearingprice,andfocusingonlyontheconstructionprocessofcostcontrol,neglectedbeforethestartoftheprojectinvestmentdecision-makingstageofcostcontrol.Investmentdecision-makingphaseofinvestmentprojectsisestimatedanimportantbasisfordecision-making.Ithasadirectimpactonnationaleconomicandfinancialanalysisoftheresultsofthereliabilityandaccuracy.Becauseofthisphaseisthepreliminaryworkofprojects,theinformationcannotbefully,comparableworksmoreorlessthatinformationaccumulatedrelativelysmall,estimatedinadequateandunscientific.Makesprojectcostmanagementandcostworkersisdifficultatthisstagedosomething.Thevariousstagesoftheprojectcostcontrolinthedecision-makingphaseprojectcostcontrol.Rightprojectplanningphaseofthecost,manyownershavethewrongunderstandingthatthelowerthecostthebetter.Costcontrolisnotaunilateralissue,andshouldbeanumberoffactors,acombinationofpractical,comprehensiveconsideration.Theconstructionprojectinvestmentdecision-makingstage,theproject'stechnicalandeconomicdecision-making,Costoftheprojectafterthecompletionoftheprojectandtheeconomicbenefits,withadecisiveroleinprojectcostcontrolisanimportantstage,rationallydefineandcontrolthedirectionoftheprojectcostofaccuratepositioningandbuildingOptimizationguidingrole.Inthedecision-makingphaseofthemostimportantistodoagoodjobfeasibilitystudy,theworkisdonewell,returnsoninvestmentandcanformagoodproportion.Otherwise,investmore,lesseffective,resultinginlossofcontrolandwasteofinvestment.Atpresent,someoftheprojectsplannedtheownersofdeparturefromthesubjectivedesiresofafeasibilitystudyonthelackofscientificproof.FeasibilityStudyuntrue,falseorengineeringfunctionsobtainingtheapprovaloftheirsuperiors,actuallyputintothefeasibilitystudywillbeawardedinthestudyfortheprojectafterthesmoothfunctioningburiedalotofhiddenproblems,leadtoinsufficientfollow-upfundsfortheprojectandhadtoextendthetimelimitsothattheprojectcouldnothaveplannedtheuseofcost-effective,evenbecomehopelesscompletionofthebeardworks.Therefore,inordertophaseintheinvestmentdecision-makingeffectivelycontrolconstructioncosts,wemustdothefollowingaspects:ⅰImplementationoftheconstructionprojectandcorporateaccountability,Constructionoftheprojectfromplanningtoimplementationoftheentireprocessandtheuseofthefundstorepayresponsibilitiestothepeople.inadditiontoestablishingalegalsystemandtheprojectsupervisionmatchingmechanismbythedepartmentsinchargeoftheindustryandsupervisiondepartmentsforsettingupamonitoringgrouptooverseetheuseoffunds.ⅱArealisticapproachtomarketanalysis,toavoidtheblindnessoftheprojectdecision-making,reducesandreducesinvestmentrisk.Fullyconsiderbuildingprojectsinthefuturemarketcompetitiveness,designtaskmorescientificandreliability.ⅲCapitalfinancingmusthaveaformalcommitmentdocument,thepartiesmustdoinvestmentfundsinplace,andfundsmusthavedocumentstoensurethattheprojectcanbeapprovedafterthescheduledimplementation.Tothevariousloanconditionsshouldbecarefullyanalyzedtominimizetheburdenofinterestandrepaymentpressure.ⅳTostrengthentheengineeringgeology,hydrology,geologyandland,water,electricity,transport,environmentalprojectssuchasexternalconditionsfortheworkofdepthtomaketheinvestmentestimatetherearesufficientgrounds.Takingextensiveinvestigationandresearch,comparisonofsimilarprojects,seriouslyfunctionalanalysis,multi-programcomparisonandchoice.Afterfulltechnicalappraisalandeconomicevaluation,andthefinaltechnologicallyadvanced,functionalandreliable.Reasonableeconomicprojects,thuscalculateamoreaccurateandrealisticestimationoftheamountofinvestment,sothattheprojectcostfromthestartpositioninginamorereasonablelevel.Thedesignphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolforalongtime,China'sbuildingcontrolveryeffective,-investmentprojectsisnotuncommon,thiswillaffectownersofinvestmentreturns,itaddstotheownersandwithinbudget,aswellasdifficultiesinfundowners,theimpactonthefuturemanagementortheownersmakepaymentsinarrears,andsoon.Hence,thecontroloftheprojectcostisofgreatsignificance,howevertheprojectcostistheprimarymeansofcontroldesign,Currentlymostofthepropertyownersinthedesignstageseldomworksoncostcontrol,andtheyfoundthatthecostofthedesignwillnothaveagreatimpact,itiswrong,onthecontrary,Designphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolisthemostimportantstep.Becauseitdeterminesengineeringdesign,constructionmethods,materialsandequipmenttypes,modelsoftheprojectcostisofcriticalsignificance,designoptimizationphaseoftheprogramorminorchanges,projectcostwillhaveasignificantimpact,Designphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolofthetotalprojectcostof70%.FollowingishowtocontroltheprojectfromdesigntocreatetheLaw:1.Astheownersmustdesign,thedesignselectedonthequalitylevelisadirectimpactonthequalityofproductdesignlevel,andthedesignqualityproductsinthelevelofdirectinfluenceonthepricingoftheworks.Differentdesignunitsonthesameprojectdesignaredifferent.thesameitemofdifferentdesigninstituteworksbetweencertainaspectsoftheprojectcostontheexistenceofdifferencesbetween,Weassumethatwithadesignfromtwodifferentdesigninstitutetodesign,Constructionplansafterthecompletionofarequestedadvisoryunitcosttodothebudget,certainlydifferentdesigninstitutethetotalcostoftheprojectisabsolutelynotthesame,andmostofthedifferencebetweenthetwoover10%evenmorethan30%,andnotnecessarilyhighcostthanthedesignoflowcost,andgooddesignisoftenlowcost,Weallknowthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentdesignstylesanddifferentlevels,thedesignworksnaturally,thereforechosentodesignunitsisthecontrolonthefirststep.Throughtendertoselectthedesignoftheunitsisagoodmethod,thetenderdocumentstoelaborateonthisparticularaspectoftherequirements,costcontroltargets,andsoon.Otherwise,inthesubsequentdesignprocessdesignunitswillputanincreaseinthecostofthedesignrequirements;throughtenderingtheprojectdesignintothemarket,comparedtoselectthebestdesignunits.2.PromotingthedesignbiddinganddesignoptimizationcampaignmodedesignunitsassessedbyexpertsusingscientificgroupFrance,inaccordancewithapplicable,economic,aestheticprinciplesandadvancedtechnology,reasonablestructuretomeetbuildingenergyefficiencyandenvironmentalrequirements,comprehensiveassessmentofthemeritsoftheprogramdesign,selectionofthebestdeterminationofthesuccessfulprogram.Successfulinvestmentprogramestimatedtobeclosetothegeneralconstructionprojectscopeofinvestment.Thismeanstwodesigncontractswillhelpdesigntheprogramofchoiceandcompetitiontoensurethattheselecteddesignadvancedtechnology,uniquenovelty,adaptability,aswellastocontrolthecostoftheproject.Designunitsshouldstrivetoimprovetheirqualityoftheprojectdesigncleveridea,contemporaryreducingtheprojectcostontoracktheirbrainstoimprovedesignquality,strivetoputthedesignphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolapprovaloftheinvestmentceiling.3.StrengtheningthedesignstageofthedesignphasetostrengthensupervisionoftheCommissionertodetermineareasonabledesign,maturetechnology,reductionintheconstructionphasemajordesignchangesandchangesintheprogram,intheeffectivecontroloftheprojectcostwillplayarole.1tothedesignoftheprojectiftheprojectsupervisiontogetinvolved,excludingunfavorablefactorsmaygenerallyisexcludedfromthe80%errors.Intheentireprocessofbuildingcostcontrol,constructionbeganatbesttosaveandinvest20%,thekeyliesintheconstructionphaseoftheidentificationandcontrolcosts.Supervisionofthedesignphaseinclude:DesignInstituteunderthedesigndrawingsandnoteshelpownersdealwithdifferentdesignoptionsfortheeconomy,capitalexpendituretodevelopthepreliminaryestimates,toensurethattheinvestmentcanbemosteffectivelyutilized.WiththeownersoftheCommissionerinclude:AccordingtotheDesignInstitutetoprovidedesigndrawingsandnotestohelpownersdealwithdifferentdesignoptionsfortheeconomy,capitalexpenditurestodevelopthepreliminaryplantoensurethatinvestmentcanbemosteffectivelyused;withtheownersofdifferentdesignoptions,theneedtocalculatetheirownmaterialsandequipmenttoconductacostanalysisandstudy,tothedesignstaffcosts,toassistthemintheinvestmentlimitwithinlimitsdesignedtosaveandinvest.Toseekaone-timesmallinvestmentandeconomicgooddesignprogrammadethemostrationaleconomicindicators.4.Designactivelypromotetheso-calledcaplimitdesign,evenwiththeapprovalofthedesigntaskandinvestmentestimates,guaranteethefunctionalrequirementsofthepremise.Thepreliminarydesignandcontrolbudget,accordingtothepreliminaryapprovalofthetotalbudgetforthedesignandconstructiondesigncontrol.Limits,andeveryoneprofessional,eachofwhomhaveadesignthresholdofatarget.Inthedesignprocess,designersshouldprogresstomoreprograms,designoptimization,ensuringthatthedesignistechnicallyadvancedandreasonable,innovative,stylish,anddonotbreakthelimitinvestmentobjectives,thuseliminatingtheengineeringdesignraisethefactorofsafetyanddesignstandards,oronlyconsiderthetechnicalfeasibilityoftheprogram,ratherthaneconomicrationalityphenomenon,theprojectcosttoensureeffectivecontrol.Alsoknownasthevalueofvalueengineeringanalysis,isamodernscientificmanagementtechnique,isanewtechno-economicanalysis,istheproductoffunctionalanalysistoconserveresourcesandreducethecostofthepurposeofaneffectivemethod.Itmadeupforthetraditionalcostmanagementsimplyfocusoncostreductionandqualitymanagementonlyemphasizesimprovingthequalitydeficiencies,constructionisconducivetoresolvingthelong-standinglongperiod,alotofwastage,poorquality,high-costproblems.ValueEngineeringlawsgenerallydividedintothreesteps:assessmentofthedesignofobjecttechnologyandeconomicScore;Calculationofthetargetgroupoftechnicalandeconomicindicators;calculatethegeometricdesignoftheobject,onaverage;fromcomparisonchoosethebestdesign.Constructionphaseoftheprojectimplementationunitconstructioncostmanagementtocontrolthecostoftheprojectisreasonableintheprojecttomeetqualitystandardspremise,intheinvestmentdecision-makingstage,thedesignphaseandconstructionphaseoftheprojectputtheprojectapprovaloccurredinthecontrollimits,striveinvariousconstructionprojectsrationaluseofhuman,materialandfinancialresourcestoachievegoodinvestmentreturnsandsocialbenefits.Theprojectcostcontrolandmanagementisadynamicprocess.Thedynamicmarketeconomy,tomaketheinvestmentintheidentificationandcontrolbecomemorecomplex,thiswillrequiretheconstructionunitstothemanagementofprojectcosttotheprojectrunsthroughtheentireprocess,itisnecessarytohaveacomprehensivefocus.Theimplementationphaseoftheprojects.Theimplementationphaseoftheprojectcostmanagementistheimplementationoftheentireprocessofprojectmanagement.Projectimplementationphaseoftheprojectcostmanagementcanbedividedintothreeparts:thetendermanagement,constructionmanagementandsettlementmanagement.BiddingfortheconstructionphaseoftheconstructionunitsBiddingsystemcontrolengineeringcosteffectivemeans,bidorganizationcanimprovethecost-effectivenessofconstructionprojectsandensurethequalityofconstructionprojects,shorteningtheconstructioncyclereturnontheinvestment,constructionunitscantakefulladvantageofbiddingfortheeffectivemeansofcostcontrol.ConstructionNo.10onthe7thministerialdecreeissueda"contractwiththeConstructionContractPricingManagement."clearlypointedoutinbiddingforprojectsusinginventories.Thisrequiresthebuildingofunitsconductingthetenderexercise,inthetenderdocumenttoincludenotonlytheusualcontent,liketendernotesbeforeschedule,tendernotes,theconditionsofthecontract,thecontracttermsoftheagreement,contractformat,technicalspecifications,drawings,tenderdocumentsandotherreferenceformat,itisalsonecessarytoprovidetheengineeringinventory,Biddingasareferencedocumentoftheimportantcomponents.Constructionunitsinthetenderdocumentfortheprojectinventory,inaccordancewithstateorlocalrulespromulgatedbythecalculationthatthereunificationofthedividedprojects,unifiedmeasurementunitsandthereunificationoftheengineeringcalculationrules,accordingtodesigndrawingstobecalculatedandstatisticalarranged,obtainthelist.Quantitiestobefollowedinthepreparationofanobjective,impartial,scientific,andrationalprinciple.Compilersmusthavestrongmanlybudget,andshouldhavecertainknowledgeoftheengineeringdesignandconstructionexperience,andthematerialandmechanicalconstructiontechnologyforcomprehensivescientificknowledge,inordertocalculatethevolumeoftheworkswithoutheavymissed.Thebasisofwhichmustbeinaccordancewithstateregulationsengineeringcalculationrules,andthesub-projectsdivisionengineeringunits,andinaccordancewithdesigndrawings,designessentialLovetenderdocumentationrequirementsarecalculated.Quantitiesoftheprojectshouldhaveatestinggeneral,theentriesmustbesimple,whilenotappearLousingwrongitemsPricingshouldguaranteethecorrectnessoftheproject.Shouldtherequirementsofthedifferentgradesseparateengineeringdivision,thesituationwasdifferent;wemayhavedifferentpricesfortheitemsseparately.Thisrequiresthepreparationofthelistcompilers,seriouslystudydesigndrawings,Analysisofthetenderdocumentsincludetheelementsoftheworkandthedifferenttechnicalrequirements,allfamiliarwiththeprocess,andtothesceneofseriousinvestigation,isforecasttomakepossibletheconstructionofthecase,rightwillhaveanimpactonthePriceofprojectstobebrokendown.Inaddition,becausetheprojectinventoriestocalculatetheamountoftheprojectisnotcompleteengineeringandconsidertheinterestsoftheconstructionunits,clearlypayingthepriceforthesameoverallprice,thequantitylistbythenumberofactualconstructionisapracticalterms.IntheevaluationandreviewofthetenderoffershoulddotheunitstotalindividualPricequotationsandthecomprehensiveassessment.PricedoesnotmeettherequirementsofindividualshowsPricemeetstherequirements,andthelowesttotalPricecouldnotexplainthesinglelowestbidder.Biddersoftenknowthetotalcosttomaintainthesamecircumstances;theprojectislikelytochangesmallerprojectstolowertheprice.Changesmaybelargerprojectspriceincreasestoachievethecompletionofclearingworkswillbeaddedforthepurpose.Wewouldalsodopriceandthecorrespondingquantityofcomprehensiveengineeringassessmentofthelargevolumeofprojectstofocusonthepriceanalysis.Pricewilldowiththecontentsofthework,constructionprogram,acomprehensivetechnicalevaluationprocess,therebypreferredchoiceofaconstructionunit.Constructionoftheconstructionphaseofthecontractcostcontrolbasis.Signedtightconstructioncontract,whilestrengtheningtheconstructioncontractmanagementcanguaranteethatthecontractpriceisreasonable,legitimacyandreducetheperformanceofthecontractA,Bindisputesandsafeguardtheinterestsofboththecontract,effectivecontroloftheworksinvestmentcosts.Afterthesigningofthecontract,todothemanagementcontractdocumentation,contractandthesupplementarycontractagreementuntiltheregularmeetingsiteinminutes.Workcontactssuchasasinglecontentofacontractextensionandexplainedthattheintegritymustbepreserved,inadditiontoestablishingatechnicalfiles,Implementationofthecontractfordynamicanalysis,resultsoftheanalysistotakeproactivemeasures.ConstructionphaseintheconstructionphaseconstructionplanisbasedonthebudgetorKenworkscontractpriceofthetarget,Kencontrolthecostoftheproject.Atthisstageofconservationhasroomforasmall,butthepossibilityofwasteisgreat.Therebytocontrolthecostoftheprojecttogivesufficientattention.1.Constructionprogramtostrengthenthecomparativetechnicalandeconomicconstructionprogramisconstructiondesignofare-tothecontentsofthework,areasonableconstructionplan,shortentheconstructionperiodandensurethequalityoftheproject,improvingeconomicefficiency,Constructionoftheprogramrightfromthetechnicalandeconomicevaluationwerecompared,throughqualitativeandquantitativeanalysis,thequality,time,Costthreetechnicalandeconomicindicators,berational,andeffectiveuseofmanpower,materialandfinancialresources,achievebettereconomicefficiency,goodconstructionmanagementrelations,acomprehensivecostmanagementisanimportantway.2.Strictlyrelatedchangestotheprojectbudgetcontrolintheproposedbudget.Constructionofthechangescausedbymanyreasons,includingworkspoorlydesigned,sothattheengineeringcontractwiththedrawingsprovidedinconsistent;thecurrentmarketsupplyofmaterialsdonotmeetthestandardspecificationsofthedesignrequirements.Theseissueshavetoleavebreadwinnerprojectcostfactors.Therefore,intheconstructionprocess,wemusttightencustomschange,throughnodesignchangestoexpandthescaleandimprovethedesignstandards;increasetheconstructionandcontents,thebestimplementationofthe"gradecontrol,visaquota"system.Righttochangethedesign,particularlyasitrelatestothecostofthedesignchangesmustbeapprovedbythedesignunits,constructionunitsscenerepresentatives,supervisionengineerscommonsignature,andshouldbeaheadofthistypeofchange,reducelosses,becauseithasbeencompletedorpartiallycompletedprojectwillentailthedemolitionofthecontents,itisboundtocausemajorchangestotheloss.Therefore,theconstructionunitsshouldbeassignedtotheprojectcostmanagementprofessionalsPermanentconstructionsite,tograspatanytime.Controlprojectcostofthechanges.3.Worksonthescenevisaformalitiesthroughstrictcontroloftheconstructionprojectsupervisionsystem,theestablishmentofspecializeddepartments,Professionaluseoftheprofessionalmanagementofprojectsandtoavoidprojectmanagementpersonneljustvisas,noteconomicaccountofthephenomenon.Investmentoutofcontrolcausedseriousconsequences.Toseriouschangevisaprocedurestobetakentothebuilding,Supervisor,theconstructionsitetogetherrepresentativessignedthewaytoensurethatchange,visaauthenticity,legitimacy,economicandavoidfraudandtheresultingphenomenaarisingfromthedispute.Inthecourseofconstruction,theconstructionunitstoenhanceon-siteconstructionmanagement,supervisionandconstructionsideaccordingtothedrawings,andstrictlycontrolthechangeofthenegotiations,materialssubstitution,thescenevisas,andvariousadditionalextrabudgetarylaborcostsforthenecessarychangesshouldbedonefirstafterwards,aftermoney,Changeeventonthetimelychangeinthecalculationoftheworkloadandthecostofchangeoccurredtograspatanytimecostoftheprojectlevel,thingstoavoidabacklogofworkthatthetruecostoftheproject.Constructionunitrepresentativestothescenetosupervisedoingagoodjobrecord,particularlyconcealedrecordsandvisas,reduceclearingthepassingphenomenon.Manyworksvisasceneisnotasserious,workstobringaverylargesettlementofthetrouble,leadtoconsiderableeconomiclosses,thescenestrictvisamanagementoftheconstructionphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolkey.4.Ofprojectlistrigorousreviewoftheprojectonthereviewofinventories,Engineers’monitorlistofmeasurestocontroltheproject.BOQtoprovidethelistofmeasuresistocompleteconstructionprojects,occurredinthepre-constructionengineeringandconstructionprocesstechnology,lifeandsafetyaspectsofnon-engineeringprojectsentities.Atthisstagebecausemanyprojectsareinconstructionplansandtheconstructionsiteoftheimperfectionsonthetenderwaituntiltheconstructiontenderoftheprojectdesignandactualscenehavebetteraccess.ManagementEngineeraddressesthegatheringfirst-handinformationontheoriginal,itemizedcheckingidentification,inconsistentmakerevisions.5.Controlmaterialconsumption,rationallydefinematerialprices.Costoftheprojectcontrolm