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第=page11页,共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年浙江省湖州市高一(下)期末英语试卷一、选词填空-句子(本大题共1小题,共1.0分)1.Thepainfulexperiencehasaffectedbothherm______andphysicalhealth.二、阅读理解(本大题共11小题,共27.5分)A阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ChrisDempseyfirstlearnedaboutHeatherKruegerwhenhewasonhisbreakatwork.HeoverheardhiscoworkerJackDwyermentionthathiscousinHeatherhadjustdevelopedstageIVliver(肝)disease.Shewasonly25,Dwyersaid,butshewouldn'tsurvivemuchlongerunlessshecouldhavealivertransplant(移植).
Dempseywantedtohelp."IfsomeoneinmyfamilywereinHeather'ssituation,Iwouldwantsomebodytostepupandhelpme,"saidDempsey,whophonedthehospitalandimmediatelystartedthetesting.Hewasn'tsurewhatwouldhappentoKruegerifhewasn'tamatch.Butafewweekslater,thetestscameback.Theywerepositive,andDempseywashappytogiveupto55%ofhislivertosaveKrueger'slife.
DempseywantedtocallKruegertotellherthegoodnews.Thoughthey'dtexted,they'dneverspokenbefore.AfterKruegerhungupthephone,sherandownthehalltohermotherandcried.WhenDempseyhungup,hefelt"likeatotallynewperson."
Afewdayslater,DempseyandKruegermettodiscusstheoperation,buttheyendeduptalkingaboutmuchmorethings.Kruegerexplainedthatshehadtoquitherjobasanursingassistantwhenherillnessbecametooserious.Still,asDempseyrememberedit,"Shedidn'tlooklikeapersonwhowassick.Shewasbeautiful,andshehadthissmileonherfacetheentire.time.Itwasamazinghowhighherspiritswere."Moreover,thetwoplannedforapublicfundraisingtohelppayKrueger'smedicalbills.
Onthedayofthetransplant,DempseyandKruegersatsidebysideinhospitalbeds,surroundedbytheirfamilies.Theoperationwentwellandtheywerebothreleasedfromthehospitalwithinamonth.2.WhydidDempseydecidetohelpKrueger?______A.Becauseofhisownexperience.
B.Outofhiscareandkindnessforothers.
C.BecauseKruegerwashiscousin.
D.BecausehiscoworkerJackaskedhimtodoso.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDempsey?______A.Kind-hearted. B.Open-minded. C.Strong-willed. D.Good-tempered.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?______A.OneofDempsey'sfamilymembers-oncehaddevelopedthesamediseaseasKrueger.
B.DempseywassoexcitedthathecriedwhensharingthegoodnewswithKrueger.
C.AfterKruegergottheliverdisease,shewasinlowspiritssoshegaveupherjob.
D.Kruegeralwayskeptapositiveattitudetowardslifethoughfacingahealthproblem.BPuffinBooks,thepublisherofUKwriterRoaldDahl'sclassicchildren'sbookslikeMatildaandTheWitches,cameunderfireinFebruaryduetotheirchoicetocutouthundredsofimpolitewordssuchas"fat"and"ugly"inRoaldDahl'sstoriestomakethemmoreacceptabletomodernreaders.
AlthoughthepublisherarguedthattheyweremeanttoallowDahl'sbookstocontinuetobeenjoyedbyalltoday,manypeoplewerestillangeredbythepractice.BookerPrize-winningauthorSalmanRushdiewasamongthosewhoreactedangrilytotherewritingofDahl'swords.Hesaidthat"it'simportantthatworksofliteraturearepreserved",notedSkyNews.
AccordingtoTheConversation,"children'sliteratureimplicitly(潜移默化地)shapesthemindsofchildreadersbypresentingparticularsocialandculturevalues.Childrencanbeinfluencedeasilytoworkswhichcanshapethewaytheygrowupandunderstandtheworld."
Personally,Ibelieveintheintelligenceofchildrentoexploretheworldaroundthem.Itisthejobofteachers,parentsandthatotheradultguardianstohelpchildrenunderstandthatbooksareproductsoftheirtimesandthatauthors-eventhebestamongthem-arehumanbeingswiththeirownflaws(缺点).
Afterall,justasSuzanneNossel,CEOofPENAmerica,anonprofitorganizationthatprotectswritersandfreedomofexpression,wroteonherTwitter,"Ifwestarttochangeandadaptthegreatworksinsteadofallowingreaderstoreceiveandreacttobooksaswritten,weriskdestroyingthebeautythatliteratureoffers."
Withthiskindofunderstandinginmind,wecanprovidechildrenwiththetoolstojudgeandsortoutwhattheyread.Thisisaskillneedednowmorethaneverinatimeof"fakenews"andtherapidspreadofdisinformation(虚假消息).5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thepractice"inparagraph2referto?______A.PuffinBookschangedsomeimpolitewordsinRoaldDahl'sstories.
B.PuffinBooksremovedsomerudewordsfromRoaldDahl'sstories.
C.PuffinBookspreservedsomeimpolitewordsinRoaldDahl'sstories.
D.PuffinBooksallowedDahl'sbookstocontinuetobeenjoyedbyall.6.WhichofthefollowingwouldSuzanneNosselmostprobablyagreewith?______A.Parentsandteacherareresponsibletohelpchildrenunderstandtheclassics.
B.Thechangetothegreatworkswillmakethemmoreattractive.
C.Childrencanbeinfluencedbythebookstheyread.
D.Greatworksshouldbepreservedaswritten.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetotherewritingofDahl'sworks?______A.Objective. B.Concerned. C.Supportive. D.Critical.8.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.RoaldDahl'sClassicChildren'sBooks
B.Children'sBooks:UptoDate
C.GreatWorks:ToRewriteorNot
D.BringGreatBooksforChildrenCTheBrainofawoodpecker(啄木鸟)experiencesaseeminglycatastrophicimpacteverytimeitsbeak(喙)hitswood."Whenyouseethesebirdshittingtheirheadsagainstatree,weashumansgetpuzzledwhytheydon'tgetheadachesorbraindamage,"saysSamVanWassenbergh,aresearcherattheUniversityofAntwerp.
Inthepast,scientistshavesuggestedthebird'sbrainisprotectedfromtheimpacts,perhapsbyabeakthatabsorbssomeoftheforce,orsomethinginitsheadthatactsasacushion(缓冲物).ButVanWassenberghdidn'tthinkso.Soheledateamtostudyusinghigh-speedvideoofwoodpeckersinaction.Thevideosshowedsomestrikingdetails.Forexample"theyclosetheireyesatthemomenttheyhitthewood."VanWassenberghsays,toprotecttheireyefromflyingbitsofwood.
Thevideosalsoshowedthatwoodpeckers'beaksoftengetstuckinthewood.Buttheygetfreealmostimmediately,thankstoacleverbeakdesignthatprovidesindependentmovementoftheupperandlowerbeak.
Whatthevideosdidnotshowisanysignthatthewoodpeckers'brainissomehowcushioned."Thewayweseetheheadbehavingisveryrigid(死板的),likeatoolhittingwood,"VanWassenberghsays.Thatmeanstheheadrepeatedlyexperiencesslowdownsthatwouldcauseaninjuryinahumanbrain.
Yetthewoodpeckerbrainappearedunharmed,evenafterthousandsofimpactsinasingleday.Thisispossiblebecauseofitssmallsizeandweight.VanWassenberghsays."Ananimalthathasasmallersizecanstandhigherslowdowns,"hesays.
Thatideawassuggestedin2006byLornaGibson,aprofessoratMIT.Now,ithasbeenconfirmedbythehigh-speedvideo.Awoodpecker'sbrainisabout700timessmallerthanahumanbrain."Thatiswhyeventhehardesthitsweobservedarenotexpectedtocauseanyinjury,"VanWassenberghsays.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"catastrophic"inparagraph1probablymean?______A.Useful. B.Harmful. C.Unrelated. D.Little.10.Whichofthefollowingdidthevideosshowaboutthewoodpecker?______A.Itsbeakcanabsorbsomeforce.
B.Itseyesareclosedwhenitispecking.
C.Itspeckingspeedslowdowngradually.
D.Itsupperandlowerbeakmustworktogether.11.Whatprotectsthewoodpecker'sbrainfrominjuryaccordingtoVanWassenbergh?______A.Thecushionedbrain.
B.Thecleverdesignofthebeak.
C.Thetinysizeandweightofthebrain.
D.Therigidbehaviorofthehead.12.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?______A.VanWassenbergh'svideohasconfirmedLornaGibson'theory.
B.LornaGibsonsupportedVanWassenbergh'sresearch.
C.LornaGibsonexpectedsomebraininjuryofawoodpeckerbythehits.
D.Thebrainofawoodpeckerismuchsmallerthanthatofahuman.三、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题,共12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
EasySolutionstoStressDoesstressoftenwearyoudown?It'salmostimpossibletototallyavoidstress,butthefollowingtipswillhelpyoutogetitundercontrolsothatitdoesn'ttakeoveryourlife.
Relyonotherpeople
Studiesofbothanimalsandhumansshowthatsocialcontactcanhelpyoubetterrespondtostress.(1)______Avoidpeoplewhoalwaysneedsomethingwithoutgivingbackorwhoarealwaysshortwithyou
(2)______
Leavethehouse15minutesearlyforappointments,setupasystemforpayingyourbills,refillyourdailysuppliesaweekaheadoftimeandbuybirthdaycardswheneveryouseeonesyoulike.Alittleadvanceplanningcanspareyoualotofheadaches!
Keepajournal
Reflectonyourday,youremotionsandyourpersonalgoals.Whilewritingthemdown,includeeverythingthatstressesyou,soyoucanstarttorecognizewhatyourproblemsareandtakeappropriateaction.(3)______
Cutyourto-dolistinhalf
Mostofussetthebartoohigh.Afteryou'vewrittenyourto-dolist,decidewhat'smostimportanttoyouinthelongrun,thencutthelistinhalf.(4)______.Forexample,hireaneighbourhoodteenagertowateryourgardenorskipcookingandordertakeaway.
Laughalittle
(5)______Laughteralsohelpskeepyourheart,lungsandmuscleshealthyandbuildupyourresistance(抵抗力).Plus,it'snearlyimpossibletostaytensewhileyou'relaughing.Therefore,findcartoons,videosorTVshowsthatmakeyoulaugh.
A.Avoidlast-minuterushes.
BMakedetailedplansfordailyactivities.
C.Writingisalsoagreatwaytorelaxandputthingsinorder.
D.Ifyoucan'tcutoutcertaintasks,trytohavesomeoneelsedothem.
E.Asweallknow,laughteristhebestmedicineforbothyourbodyandmind.
F.Soestablishanetworkofpeopleyoucanturntoandaskforsomehelpfuladvice.
G.Whenyoulaugh,yousendchemicalscalledendorphins(内啡肽)toyourbrainthateasepainandpromoteyourfeelingofwellbeing.13.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G14.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G15.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G四、完形填空(本大题共15小题,共15.0分)阅读下面短文,从短文后答题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
AsIhaveperfectpitch(绝对音感)andstartedplayingpianoat3yearsold,it'smuchnaturalformetojointheschool'schoirwhenIgottocollegeintheUS.
Atfirst,everythingwentpretty(1)______:Ipassedtheaudition(试音),andwaseveninvitedtojointhemoreselectiveChamberSingers.However,Isoonbecame(2)______afterseveralrehearsals(排练):Fromjokestomusictheory,Isimplycouldn'tunderstandwhattheyweretalkingabout!AndwhenI(3)______others'pitchmistakes,theyseemedunwillingtoaccept.IremainedsilentevenwhenIknewthepitcheswere(4)______.
ItwasourNewYearConcertlastyearthat(5)______meoutofdeepwatersWhenweweresingingthewordsofasong:"Toliveistogive",Ithought"howcouldIbe(6)______justbeingasilentAsian?"Soonafterthe(7)______,Istartedmyplan.Inmysecondterm,I(8)______tojoinalltheconversationsandstartedtohelpfellowsingerswithmyabilities(9)______identifyingpitch.Iwasoverwhelmedbythecontentofhelpingpeople,andwasthrilled(10)______morechoirmemberscametomeforcasualtalks.
FromMarchtoMay,Iwas(11)______soloist(独唱者)forfourdifferentsongs,anunusual(12)______forafirst-yearstudent.Amongthem,myfavoritepiecewasaSpanishfolksongthatwe(13)______duringthechoir'sspringtourtoMadrid.AChinesestudentsingingaSpanishsonginanAmericanchoir-howproudIwasto(14)______asanambassadorofcross-culturalcommunication!Whentheaudienceapplaudedus,Icametoseeabetterworldwithunderstanding,(15)______andlove.18.
A.smoothly B.carefully C.deeply D.quickly19.
A.scared B.determined C.frustrated D.absorbed20.
A.lookedout B.pointedout C.figuredout D.turnedout21.
A.normal B.incorrect C.perfect D.regular22.
A.pushed B.pressed C.selected D.drew23.
A.satisfiedwith B.keenon C.familiarwith D.eagerfor24.
A.audition B.joke C.concert D.rehearsal25.
A.hoped B.managed C.refused D.failed26.
A.by B.to C.on D.in27.
A.when B.while C.before D.unless28.
A.respected B.postponed C.attached D.appointed29.
A.feature B.hobby C.achievement D.request30.
A.performed B.desired C.lacked D.ignored31.
A.launch B.serve C.assume D.announce32.
A.patience B.independence C.peace D.pride五、语法填空(本大题共1小题,共15.0分)33.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号中单词的正确形式。
ChinaiscelebratingitseightSpaceday,whichfallsonApril24.Thecountry(1)______(make)remarkableachievementsinspace(2)______(explorer)overthepastdecade.
TheTiangongspacestation(3)______completedattheendof2022.Ithasthreemainsections:(4)______coremodule(核心舱)andtwosciencelabmodulesandisusuallymadeupofthree(5)______(astronaut)ThethreecrewmembersoftheShenzhouXVmissionareinitnow.
Inmoonexploration,Chinahassentfiveroboticprobes(探测器)tothe(6)______(near)neighborofEarthsince2007.TheChang'e4landedonthefarsideofthemooninJanuary2019andbecamethefirstcrafttomakemeasurementsandobservationsaboutthisareaclosely.Itsrover,theYutu2,(7)______hasbeenworkingtherefornearly1,600days,hasbecometheworld'slongest-operatingmoonrover.Themostrecentmission,Chang'e5,landedinDecember2020andreturned(8)______1,731gramsofmoonrocksandsoil.
Inaddition,theTianwen1missionwaslaunchedinJuly2020,whichtravelledmorethan470millionkilometersbefore(9)______(enter)theorbitofMarsinFebruary2021.Itsonboardrover,Zhurong,landedinMay2021,makingChinathesecondcountry(10)______(send)aroveronMarssuccessfully.六、单词拼写-单句(本大题共9小题,共9.0分)34.TheclimateinKunmingis______(温和的),meaningit'salwaysagoodtimetovisit.35.Atthefootofthehillwasawoodenhouse______(包围)bytallpinetrees.36.Themotherhadasmileof______(宽慰)afterseeinghersoncuredbythedoctors.37.Therearevariousopinionsaboutthe______(起源)oftheSpringFestival.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)38.Afterwinninga______(奖学金),Jennyfeltlesspressureaboutpayingtuitionfees.39.Howeverbusyweare,wewillg______andcelebratetheSpringFestivaltogether.40.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryo______toeducatepeopleaboutglobalwarming.41.Tobef______,thefireworkslastnightwerereallyannoying.42.Ihavenoideahowmanystudentshavebeena______intotheschoolthisyear.七、书面表达(本大题共2小题,共40.0分)43.假定你是李华,你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会,并在英语网站上展示,请你给外国朋友Chris写封信,向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国朋友,内容如下:
1.阐明写信事由;
2.征求建议;
3.表达感谢。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
DearChris,
____________
Yours,
LiHua44.阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
Richieandherhusband,Pooh,decidedonvisitingCapeCod,abeautifulseatown,whichisaboutthreehoursdrivefromthecityofBoston.TheirdaughterwhothenlivedinSalemclosetoBostoninsistedthatshewouldpickthemup.Buttheywereconfidentoftheirsenseofdirectionandnotwantingtotroubleher,sotheyrefusedheroffer.Theydecidedtotaketheirjourneyintheirowncarandstartedearlyinthemorning.
Afterathree-hourdrive,theyarrivedinCapeCodandstartedtheirnewdiscoverywitharoadmapofthetownanditssuburbs.Sincethereweremanyplacestosee,ittookthemthewholedaytofinishtheirsightseeing.
Now,theywerevisitingasuburbwithshopssellinghandmadeitems.Richiewasmostinterestedinshopping,whilePoohwarnedhertofinishbeforeitstartedgettingdark.Theyweresoabsorbedintheirshoppingthattheyforgotaboutthetimeuntiltheshopsbegantoclose.
Theytookthesamerouteback.PoohhadaverygoodmemoryandakeensenseofdirectionandsoRichiejustblindlyfollowedhim,withoutknowingwheretheywereheadingto.Soontheyfoundthemselvesjustgoingroundinamaze,realizingtheygotlostontheway.
Theyhadtostopthecar,referredtotheirmap,andstartedagain.Aftersometime,theyrealizeditwasnousetryingandfindingtheirwayback.Theirmobilephoneshadbeendeadforhours,anditwasimpossibletocontacttheirdaughter.Havingnootheroption,theydecidedtoasksomeoneforhelp,butbeingaSunday,theroadswereempty,withnopeoplewalkingaroundorcarspassingby.Theyweregettingworriedandterrifiedwitheachpassingminute.ThedarknessandpanicfilledRichie'sheadwithhorriblethoughts"Wouldtheyberobbedorattacked?"Afterhoursofwaitingsilentlyinthedarkness,theydecidedtotryagain.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右:
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Poohturnedthekeyandtriedtostartthecar,butitwouldn'tmove.
______
Ontheedgeofdespair,theyheardthewhistleofacar.
______
答案和解析1.【答案】ental【解析】答案:mental.形容词mental作定语修饰名词health。故填:mental。
痛苦的经历影响了她的身心健康。
考查首字母填空。准确地翻译句子、理解句子,然后根据句意及提示完成句子,使句意更通顺。
2~4.【答案】B、A、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。由文章第二段"If
someone
in
my
family
were
in
Heather's
situation,I
would
want
somebody
to
step
up
and
help
me,"
said
Dempsey,who
phoned
the
hospital
and
immediately
started
the
testing.He
wasn't
sure
what
would
happen
to
Krueger
if
he
wasn't
a
match.(如果我家里有人遇到Heathe的情况,我希望有人站出来帮助我。他打电话给医院,立即开始了检测。他不确定如果不能配对,Krueger会怎么样。)可知,Dempsey
决定帮助Krueger是出于对他人的关心和善意。故选B项。
(2)推理判断题。由文章第二段But
a
few
weeks
later,the
tests
came
back.They
were
positive,and
Dempsey
was
happy
to
give
up
to
55%
of
his
liver
to
save
Krueger's
life.(但几周后,检测结果出来了。他们是阳性可配对的,Dempsey很高兴放弃了高达55%的肝脏来挽救Krueger的生命。)可知,Dempsey是一个十分善良的人。故选A项。
(3)推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段"She
didn't
look
like
a
person
who
was
sick.She
was
beautiful
,and
she
had
this
smile
on
her
face
the
entire.time.It
was
amazing
how
high
her
spirits
were."
(她看起来不像一个生病的人。她很漂亮,脸上一直挂着笑容。令人惊讶的是,她的情绪如此高涨。)可知,尽管面临健康问题,Krueger始终保持着积极的生活态度。故选D项。
这篇文章讲述了Chris
Dempsey如何听到他的同事Heather
Krueger患有严重的肝病,然后主动进行肝移植手术,最终成功拯救了Krueger的生命。他们之间建立了深厚的友谊,并一起筹集资金支付Krueger的医疗费用。手术成功后,两人都很快康复出院。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
5~8.【答案】B、D、D、C【解析】(1)词句指代题。根据第一段Puffin
Books,the
publisher
of
UK
writer
Roald
Dahl's
classic
children's
books
like
Matilda
and
The
Witches,came
under
fire
in
February
due
to
their
choice
to
cut
out
hundreds
of
impolite
words
such
as
"fat"and"ugly"in
Roald
Dahl's
stories
to
make
them
more
acceptable
to
modern
readers.(今年2月,英国作家罗尔德•达尔的经典童书《玛蒂尔达》和《女巫们》的出版商海芬图书公司因在罗尔德•达尔的小说中删去"胖"、"丑"等数百个不礼貌的词汇,使其更容易被现代读者接受而受到抨击。)可知海雀图书公司出版的RoaldDahl精选小说中删除了数百个不礼貌的词汇,结合画线词所在句句意"尽管出版商声称他们的目的是让Dahl的书继续为今天的所有人所欣赏,但许多人仍然对这种做法感到愤怒"可知,"thepractice(这种做法)"指上文提到的海雀图书公司从RoaldDahl的故事中删除了一些粗鲁的词语。故选B。
(2)推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Ifwestarttochangeandadaptthegreatworksinsteadofallowingreaderstoreceiveandreacttobooksaswritten,weriskdestroyingthebeautythatliteratureoffers.(如果我们开始改变和改编伟大的作品,而不是让读者接受并对所写的书做出反应,我们就有可能破坏文学所提供的美)可知,SuzanneNossel不同意改编伟大的作品,他认为它们应该原封不动地保存下来,故选D。
(3)推理判断题。根据第四段Personally,Ibelieveintheintelligenceofchildrentoexploretheworldaroundthem.Itisthejobofteachers,parentsandthatotheradultguardianstohelpchildrenunderstandthatbooksareproductsoftheirtimesandthatauthors-eventhebestamongthem-arehumanbeingswiththeirownflaws(缺点).(就我个人而言,我相信孩子们探索周围世界的智慧。教师、家长和其他成年监护人有责任帮助孩子们理解,书籍是他们所处时代的产物,而作者——即使是他们当中最优秀的作家——也是有其缺点的人)可知,作者认为孩子有探索事物的智慧,成年人应帮助他们理解书籍是时代的产物,即使是伟大的作者也有缺点,故作者反对改编Dahl的作品,故选D。
(4)标题归纳题。根据全文内容,第一段Puffin
Books,the
publisher
of
UK
writer
Roald
Dahl's
classic
children's
books
like
Matilda
and
The
Witches,came
under
fire
in
February
due
to
their
choice
to
cut
out
hundreds
of
impolite
words
such
as
"fat"and"ugly"in
Roald
Dahl's
stories
to
make
them
more
acceptable
to
modern
readers.(今年2月,英国作家罗尔德•达尔的经典童书《玛蒂尔达》和《女巫们》的出版商海芬图书公司因在罗尔德•达尔的小说中删去"胖"、"丑"等数百个不礼貌的词汇,使其更容易被现代读者接受而受到抨击。)提出文章的主题,海雀图书公司从RoaldDahl的故事中删除了一些粗鲁的词语,下文是对这一做法不同的态度,故C项"伟大的作品:要不要重写"为最佳标题,故选C。
英国作家罗尔德•达尔的经典儿童图书出版商Puffin
Books因剪辑达尔小说中的"肥胖"和"丑陋"等不礼貌词汇而引发争议。许多人对这种做法感到愤怒,认为文学作品应该被保留。儿童文学在塑造孩子的价值观和文化观方面具有重要作用,但是孩子们应该被赋予判断和筛选阅读材料的能力。在当前"假新闻"和虚假信息快速传播的时代,这种能力比以往任何时候都更为重要。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
9~12.【答案】B、B、C、A【解析】(1)词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词下文everytimeitsbeak(喙)hitswood.(它的喙每次敲击木头。)以及Whenyouseethesebirdshittingtheirheadsagainstatree,weashumansgetpuzzledwhytheydon'tgetheadachesorbraindamage.(当你看到这些鸟把头撞到树上时,我们人类会感到困惑,为什么它们不会头痛或脑损伤。)可知,人类感到困惑,啄木鸟敲击树干时为什么不会头痛或脑损伤,由此可知这是一个看似会造成伤害的行为,故catastrophic意为"造成损害的",A.Useful有用的;B.Harmful有害的;C.Unrelated无关的;D.Little小的。故选B。
(2)细节理解题。根据第二段The
video
s
showed
some
striking
details.For
example
"they
close
their
eyes
at
the
moment
they
hit
the
wood.(视频显示了一些惊人的细节。例如,'它们在撞到木头的那一刻闭上了眼睛。)可知,视频显示啄木鸟啄树干时闭上眼睛。故选B。
(3)推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Yetthewoodpeckerbrainappearedunharmed,evenafterthousandsofimpactsinasingleday.Thisispossiblebecauseofitssmallsizeandweight.(然而啄木鸟的大脑似乎没有受到伤害,即使在一天内受到数千次撞击。这是可能的,因为它的体积和重量小。)可知,根据VanWassenbergh的说法,啄木鸟大脑微小的尺寸和重量保护其不受损伤。故选C。
(4)段落大意题。根据最后一段Thatideawassuggestedin2006byLornaGibson,aprofessoratMIT.Now,ithasbeenconfirmedbythehigh-speedvideo.(这个想法是由麻省理工学院教授LornaGibson在2006年提出的。现在,高速视频已经证实了这一点。)可知,最后一段主要讲述VanWassenbergh的视频证实了LornaGibson的理论,故选A。
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了啄木鸟的头部结构,它们每次啄木时头部都会受到强烈的冲击,但它们的头部却不会受伤。之前的科学家认为啄木鸟的喙或头部内部的某些物质可以缓冲冲击,但研究者Sam
Van
Wassenbergh认为不是这样。他带领团队使用高速摄影记录了啄木鸟啄木的过程,发现它们会在啄木时闭上眼睛,以保护眼睛不受木屑伤害。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
13~17.【答案】F、A、C、D、G【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据本段小标题Rely
on
otherpeople(依赖其他人)和上文Studies
of
both
animals
and
humans
show
that
social
contact
can
help
you
better
respond
to
stress.(对动物和人类的研究表明,社会接触可以帮助你更好地应对压力)可知,和别人接触能帮助你更好地应对压力,空处应是说因此要多接触别人,F项"因此,建立一个你可以求助的人际网络,并寻求一些有用的建议"符合语境,和上文形成因果关系,故选F。
(2)标题判断题。根据本段内容Leave
the
house
15
minutes
early
for
appointments,set
up
a
system
for
paying
your
bills,refill
your
daily
supplies
a
week
ahead
of
time
and
buy
birthday
cards
whenever
you
see
ones
you
like.A
little
advance
planning
can
spare
you
a
lot
of
headaches!(提前15分钟出门赴约,建立一个支付账单的系统,提前一周补充日常用品,看到喜欢的生日贺卡就买。一点点提前计划可以让你省去很多麻烦)可知,本段主要讲述将计划提前一些能省去很多麻烦,故A项"避免最后一分钟的匆忙"适合作为小标题,故选A。
(3)细节理解题。根据上文While
writing
them
down,include
everything
that
stresses
you,so
you
can
start
to
recognize
what
your
problems
are
and
take
appropriate
action.(在写下它们的时候,包括所有给你带来压力的事情,这样你就可以开始认识到你的问题是什么,并采取适当的行动)提到写日记的好处,分析选项,C项"写作也是一种放松和整理事物的好方法"进一步描述写日记的好处,故选C。
(4)推理判断题。根据下文For
example,hire
a
neighbourhood
teenager
to
water
your
garden
or
skip
cooking
and
order
takeaway.(例如,雇一个邻居家的少年给你的花园浇水,或者不做饭而叫外卖)"是对空处内容举例说明,故空处是关于让别人帮忙完成任务,D项"如果你不能减少某些任务,试着让别人来做"符合语境,故选D。
(5)细节理解题。根据下文Laughter
also
helps
keep
your
heart,lungs
and
muscles
healthy
and
build
up
your
resistance
(抵抗力).(笑还有助于保持你的心脏、肺和肌肉的健康,增强你的抵抗力)中的"also"一词可知,空处也是描述笑的好处,G项"当你笑的时候,你会向大脑发送一种叫做内啡肽的化学物质,它可以缓解疼痛,促进你的幸福感"符合语境,故选G。
这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了减轻压力的一些方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子。解题时,要注意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境的句子。
18~32.【答案】A、C、B、B、D、A、C、B、D、A、D、C、A、B、C【解析】(1)考查副词及语境理解。A.smoothly顺利地;B.carefully仔细地;C.deeply
深深地;D.quickly快速地。句意:起初,一切都很顺利:我通过了试音,甚至被邀请加入更挑剔的室内乐歌手。根据后文"Ipassedtheaudition(试音),andwaseveninvitedtojointhemoreselectiveChamberSingers"可知,起初一切进展顺利,故选A。
(2)考查形容词及语境理解。A.scared害怕的;B.determined坚定的;C.frustrated沮丧的;D.absorbed全神贯注的。句意:然而,几次排练后,我很快就感到沮丧:从笑话到乐理,我根本听不懂他们在说什么!根据转折副词"However"和下文"Fromjokestomusictheory,Isimplycouldn'tunderstandwhattheyweretalkingabout!"可知,作者听不懂别人说的什么,故感到沮丧,故选C。
(3)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.lookedout当心,向外看;B.pointedout指出;C.figuredout解决,想出;D.turnedout结果是,原来是。句意:当我指出别人的音高错误时,他们似乎不愿意接受。根据下文"theyseemedunwillingtoaccept"可知,当作者指出错误时,他们似乎不愿意接受,故选B。
(4)考查形容词及语境理解。A.normal正常的;B.incorrect不正确的;C.perfect完美的;D.regular定期的。句意:我保持沉默,即使我知道音调是错误的。根据上文"mistakes"可知,此处指音高是错误的,故选B。
(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.pushed推;B.pressed按,压;C.selected选择;D.drew拉动,拖动。句意:去年的新年音乐会让我走出了困境。drawsboutof将某人从……处拉出来,故选D。
(6)考查固定短语及语境理解。A.satisfiedwith满足于;B.keenon喜爱;C.familiarwith熟悉;D.eagerfor渴望。句意:当我们唱着"活着就是付出"的歌词时,我想:"我怎么能满足于仅仅做一个沉默的亚洲人呢?"根据下文"Istartedmyplan."可知,作者认为自己不应满足于只做一个沉默的人,故选A。
(7)考查名词及语境理解。A.audition试音;B.joke玩笑;C.concert音乐会;D.rehearsal排练。句意:音乐会结束后不久,我开始了我的计划。此处指上文提到的"NewYearConcert",故选C。
(8)考查动词及语境理解。A.hoped希望;B.managed设法做到;C.refused拒绝;D.failed失败。句意:在我的第二个学期,我成功地加入了所有的对话,并开始用我的识别音高的能力帮助其他歌手。根据下文"startedtohelpfellowsingers"可知,作者成功和其他人打成一片,managetodosth设法做成某事,故选B。
(9)考查介词及语境理解。A.by通过;B.to朝;C.on在……上面;D.in在……里面,在……方面。句意:在我的第二个学期,我成功地加入了所有的对话,并开始用我的识别音高的能力帮助其他歌手。abilitiesin指"某方面的能力",固定搭配,故选D。
(10)考查连词及语境理解。A.when当……时;B.while在……期间;C.before在……之前;D.unless除非。句意:我对要帮助别人的内容感到应接不暇,当更多的合唱团成员来找我闲聊时,我感到很兴奋。用when引导时间状语从句,while引导时间状语从句时从句用延续性动词,came是短暂性动词,故选A。
(11)考查动词及语境理解。A.respected尊重;B.postponed推迟,延期;C.attached粘贴,依附;D.appointed任命,安排。句意:从3月到5月,我被任命为四首不同歌曲的独奏者,这对大一学生来说是一个不同寻常的成就。根据下文"soloist(独唱者)forfourdifferentsongs"可知,作者被任命为四首不同歌曲的独奏者,故选D。
(12)考查名词及语境理解。A.feature
特点;B.hobby兴趣;C.achievement成就;D.request要求。句意:从3月到5月,我被任命为四首不同歌曲的独奏者,这对大一学生来说是一个不同寻常的成就。故选C。
(13)考查动词及语境理解。A.performed表演;B.desired渴望;C.lacked缺乏;D.ignored忽视。句意:其中,我最喜欢的是一首西班牙民歌,是我们在合唱团春季巡回马德里演出时演奏的。根据前文的"song"和空后"duringthechoir'sspringtourtoMadrid"可知,此处指合唱团去马德里春季巡回演出时表演的歌曲,指故选A。
(14)考查动词及语境理解。A.launch发射,发起;B.serve服务,担任;C.assume假设,认为;D.announce宣布。句意:一个中国学生在美国唱诗班里唱着一首西班牙歌——我为自己担任跨文化交流大使感到多么自豪!根据空后"asanambassadorofcross-culturalcommunication"可知,此处指担任跨文化交流大使,故选B。
(15)考查名词及语境理解。A.patience耐心;B.independence独立;C.peace和平;D.pride自豪。句意:当观众为我们鼓掌时,我看到了一个充满理解、和平和爱的更美好的世界。上文提到作者为担任跨文化交流大使感到自豪,结合本句中"abetterworld"可知,此处指一个充满理解、和平和爱的更美好的世界,故选C。
这是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述作者去美国上大学的经历,作者在音乐方面很有天赋,加入校合唱团后,由最初的沮丧到最后用自己的实力获得了不同寻常的成就,为自己担任跨文化交流大使感到非常自豪。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化,试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽,综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。选择答案时,要考虑整个句子的内容,包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅,用词得当,意思正确。
33.【答案】hasmade【解析】(1)考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年里,中国在太空探索方面取得了令人瞩目的成就。时间状语为over
the
past
decade,句子用现在完成时,主语为The
country,助动词用has,故填hasmade。
(2)考查不可数名词。句意:在过去的十年里,中国在太空探索方面取得了令人瞩目的成就。此处用名词作介词in的宾语,表示"探索",为不可数名词,故填exploration。
(3)考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:天宫空间站于2022年底建成。时间状语为at
the
end
of
2022,句子用一般过去时,主语为The
Tiangong
space
station,且与complete之间是被动关系,故填wascompleted。
(4)考查冠词。句意:它有三个主要部分:一个核心舱和两个科学实验室舱,通常由三名宇航员组成。结合句意可知,此处表示泛指,故用不定冠词,core为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
(5)考查可数名词的复数。句意:它有三个主要部分:一个核心舱和两个科学实验室舱,通常由三名宇航员组成。空前有three修饰,故用名词的复数形式,故填astronauts。
(6)考查最高级。句意:在月球探测方面,自2007年以来,中国已经向离地球最近的邻居发射了五个机器人探测器。结合句意和the可知,此处用最高级,表示"最近的",故填nearest。
(7)考查定语从句。句意:它的月球车"玉兔2号"已经在那里工作了近1600天,成为世界上运行时间最长的月球车。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the
Yutu
2,在从句中作主语,故填which。
(8)考查介词。句意:最近的一次任务是嫦娥五号,于2020年12月着陆,返回时携带了1731克月球岩石和土壤。with表示"伴随,携带",符合句意,故填with。
(9)考查动名词。句意:此外,天问一号任务于2020年7月发射,在2021年2月进入火星轨道之前,飞行了超过4.7亿公里。此处用动名词作介词before的宾语,
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