the-difference-of-color-in-chinese-and-english-and-the-cause-of-the-difference-英语专业毕业论文设计

TheDifferenceofColorinChineseandEnglishandtheCauseoftheDifferenceBackgroundThoughcolorisfewinnumber,tothelargeextent,itdemonstratesthedifferenceoftheconnotationofdifferentlanguageandculture.Thus,topeoplebelongtodifferentculture,colorcausesdifferentassociativemeanings,andtheconnotationmeaningsofcolorsarenotdefinitelythesame,whichcausesthedifferenceindifferentcultureandlanguageinusingcolorwords.Tothepracticalapplicationofcolorwords,accordingtoPalmer(1984［1976］:75),anylanguage,evenifithasthesimilarcolorcodewithotherlanguage,butowningtotheinfluenceofculture,thecontentsitindicatingaredifferentfromeachother.ThisresearchpaperisgoingtodiscussthematterofthedifferenceoftheassociativemeaningofcolorbothinChineseandinEnglishthroughmethodofcomparisonandcontrastofthefrequentlyusedcolorwordsofred,yellow,blue,green,white,andblack,andthereasonsofthethesedifference.LiteratureReviewManyresearcharticlesandbookscontrastandcomparethedifferenceofthecolorwordsinChineseandinEnglish,andsomeofthemgivethereasonofwhythesedifferencesareformed［XieandZhang,2004;Mu,2010;Liang,2004;Qing,2003;Zhou,2002;ZhouandZhang,2002;Zhang,1999;Heider,1971;KayandChad,1978;Maclaury,1991;］however,nearlyallthesebooksjustsaidthereasonswhichcausesthedifferencesofcolorwordsareculturebelongingtodifferentsocialcommunitiesingeneral.Whatthesebooksfailedtodoistofocusonthespecificreasonsonwhatpartofcultureofasocialcommunityandthespecificreasonsofpeopleorwhatnotthatinfluencetheformationofthesedifference.Tofindoutthereasonsoftheformationofthedifference,Mu(2010)comparedandcontrastedthecolorwords,especiallythefrequentlyusedcolorwordsrespectively,andanalyzedgenerallyontherespectofculture.WhileLi(2003)justtrappedinthestudyoffrequentlyusedcolorsandthestudyofpeople’spreferenceofusingcolorwords.Andstudiesofcolorwordsaremostlyviaillustrationandlackofsystematicalexploitationandanalysisofthecolorwords.Besides,Zhou(2002)collectedlargeamountoflanguagematerialsaboutcoloranddiscussedthedifferentfunctionsoftheusageofcolorwordsinbothChineseandEnglishthroughanalysis,induction,andcomparison.Andhealsobroughtuphisownideaabouthowthesedifferencesformed.ResearchDesignandMethodologyToconductthisstudy,thefollowingquestionwasposedWhatcausedthedifferentassociativemeaningofcolortermsinChineseandEnglish?Toinvestigatethisquestion,thefirstthingneedtodoistocompareandcontrastthecolorwordsbothinChineseandinEnglishrespectively.REDInChinesetraditionalculture,HongorZhu(red)isoftenusedtoexpressthemeaningofappreciation.Itstandsforimprovementandpleasure.InChinesepeople’sopinion,redsymbolizesjubilation,luck,success,andprosperity.(XieandZhang,2004)InancientChina,ZhuMen(thefrontdoorwhichwaspaintedred)wasusuallyusedtorepresentthehousesofaristocratsandthegovernmentofficials.AndZhuYi(redcloth)wasthecloththenoblepeoplewearing.HongRenistheonewhoistrustedbyhissuperiorandisoftenputinanimportantposition.IntraditionalChineseweddingceremony,peopleusedredpaper-cutandredcandlestodecoratethehouseandboththebrideandbridegroommustinredcloth,whichmeanstheirmarriedlifeisgoingtobeverygoodandhappy.DuringtheSpringFestival,peopleglueonthewalltheSpringFestivalscrolls,whichisredincolorandhangredlanterns,inordertogetsomesortofgoodluck.WhileinEnglish,redisthecolorofbloodandfire,whichleadtotheassociativemeaningof“dangerous”“bleedingblood”or“terror”.Thus,inEnglishculture,redisawordwithstronglypejorativemeaning.Itrepresentscruelty,disaster,mania,andwhatnot.Forexample,“redbattle”“redactivity”“theredrulesoftoothandclaw”“seered””red-handed”“red-tape”“redtape”or“red-blooded”.(Bai,1993)However,redalsopresentsthemeaningofjubilation,suchasthered-letter-day,androllingouttheredcarpetforsomebody.BothinChineseandinEnglish,redhaspornographicassociativemeaning.Butthereisalittledifferencebetweenthem,ChinesepeoplepreferpinkwhileEnglishspeakingpeopleismorelikelytochoosescarlet.YELLOWInChineseculture,Huang(yellow)hasagreatabundanceofconnotations.Therearealotofwordsrelatedtoyellow,whicharerichinculturalconnotation.InChinese,yellowisalwaysthecolorenjoyingitspopularityamongChinesepeopleinancienttimes.Itoftenrelatedtoreligion,royalpower,andsoon,andalsosymbolizedsacredness,respect,andsolemnity.(Song,2009)Besides,Chinesepeopleoftenassociateyellowwithdeath,forexampleHuangQuan,whichmeanstheplacewherepeoplebeenaftertheirdeath.However,withthedevelopmentofgenerationandthedeclineofroyalfamily,yellowproducesthepornographicassociativemeaning,especiallyafter1980’s,yellowisequaltopornography.Andyellowistherepresentativeofdegeneration,obscenity.WhileinEnglish,yellowisoftenrelatedtocowardiceandfear,suchas“turnyellow”“yellowbelly”“yellowstreak”“yellow-livered”.AndinEnglish,yellowalsorelatestobetrayal,evil,forinstance,“yellowdog”“yellowunion”“yellow-dogcontract”andsoon.Besides,“yellowjournalism”and“yellowpress”(Chen,2010a)inEnglisharenotthesameasHuangSeShuKan(pornography)inChinese.AllthementionedwordsaboutyellowarepejorativeinEnglish.BLUEInChinese,thereisnotmuchassociativemeaningaboutblue.ButinEnglish,blueisrichinassociativemeaning.Bluestandsforroyalfamily,nobility,loyalty,justice,melancholyandalsopornography.Forinstance,peopleusebluebloodtodescribearistocraticandblue-ribbonandbluestocking(Chen,2010b)andsoon.InChinese,peopleuseyellowtorepresentpornography,butinEnglish,theyuseblue.Forexample,abluejoke,abluemovie.GREENBothinChineseandinEnglish,greenhastheassociativemeaningofspring,life,youth,healthy,andenvironmentalprotection.Greenalsopresentsconcord,friendship,peace,andhope.ButtherearealsosomedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishoftheassociativemeaning.InChinese,Lv(green)isrelatedtofemaleandlasciviousness.Greenisoftenusedtodescribefemale,suchas“LvYun”whichmeanstheblackhairofafemale.Greensymbolizeshumbleandheterodox(XieandZhang,2004)inancienttimes.Anditisalsoassociatedwithsex,suchas“dailvmaozi”whichmeansbecuckoldedand“Qing(green)Lou”meansbrothel.(Chen,2010b)InEnglish,theassociativemeaningsofgreenaremoney,lackofexperience,jealous,deceit.Americanpeoplecalldollarsas“longgreen”.“Greenpower”meansthepowerofmoney.(Mu,2010)“Green-eyed”meansjealousy.And“greenhand”meanssomeoneislackexperienceabouthisorherwork.Someonewhoislackofexperiencecanbecalledas“greenhorn”.Besides,Englishspeakingpeopleusegreentodescribepeoplewhoarelookingpaleandunhealthy.WHITEWhitehassameassociativemeaningsinbothChineseandEnglish,suchaspurity,nobility,fear,orillness.ButmanydifferencesalsoexistinbothChineseandEnglish.Bai(white)isavoidedasataboowordintraditionalChinese,whichshowtheabandonmentanddetestationofit.InChinese,whiteisalwaysassociatedwithdeathandfuneralrepresentingunfortunateandsorrow.WhiteisthemaincolorintraditionalChinesefuneral,andduringthefuneral,peopleareallinwhitewhitehat,whiteshoes,andwhiteclothtoshowtheirgrief.(Chen,2003)Alsowhitehastheassociativemeaningoftreacheryandevil,suchas“BaiLianJianXiong”(whitefacebadguy)whoachieveshighpositionbyunscrupulousscheming.Besides,whiteinChineseisusedtodescribepeoplewhoiswithlittleknowledgeorpeoplewithnoscholarlyhonororofficialank.Peoplecallmanoflettersas“BaiMianShuSheng”(whitefacestudent)fortheyarelakeofexperience.WhiteinEnglishisthesymbolofGod,Angel,happiness,joy,andmorals.InEnglishspeakingcountries,whitesymbolizespurityandkindness.Therefore,thecolorofweddinginthesecountriesiswhiteandthebrideisinwhite,whichisthesymbolofpureloveandhappymarriedlife.AndanotherexampleisawhiteChristmas,awhiteday.(Yue,2010)What’smore,whitealsocontainsthemeaningofjusticeandhonest,whichcanbeillustrateinsuchexamplesaswhitelie,whitemarketortreatsomebodywhite.Butwhitealsohaspejorativeassociativemeaningsuchasinapplyingtowhitefeather,whiteelephant.BLACKAncientChinesepeopleoftenutilizeblacktosymbolizeupright,firmandpersistent,solemnandjust,selfless.InBeijingopera,“blackface”isthetypicalsymbolofintegrity,suchasBaoinSongDynasty.WhileinEnglish,blackisthesymbolofdarkness,evilanddemon.“Blackday”isanunluckyday.“Inblackmood”meanssomeoneisinlowmood.“Somebody’sfuturelookedblack”indicatesthathisorherfutureisgloomy.ButinbusinessEnglish,“intheblack”meansgainingprofit.(Ray,1953)AndblacksuitandblackdressarethetraditionalcloththatismostadvocatedbyEnglishspeakingpeople.“Blackgown”isusedtorefertothescholars.ThereasonsoftheformationofthedifferenceThroughthecomparisonandcontrastofthefrequentlyusedcolorwordsindifferentaspect,thereasonsoftheformationofthedifferenceofcolorwordsbetweenChineseandEnglishcanbefound.Thefollowingarethereasons.Differentcolorshavedifferentsymbolicmeaningandassociativemeaningindifferentethnicgroups.Thisisbecausedifferentethnicgroupsliveindifferentgeographicalenvironment,whichcausedifferentethniccustoms,thinkingstyles,religiousbeliefsandpsychologicalwaysofthinking.ThedifferentoriginofthemeaningofcolorsTheworshiptowardsheavenandearthofChinesenationisdatedbacktoancienttimes.Yin-yangandthefive-elementthoughtistheoriginofassociativemeaningofcolorwordsinChinese.AncientChinesethoughtthattheuniversewasconsistoffivebasicelements:metal,wood,water,fire,earth,andeveryelementhasitsowncolor,thatismetal—white,wood—green,water—black,fire—red,earth—yellow.Thesefiveelementsandtheircolorsarecorrespondencetofivedirections.Whiteiswest;greeniseast;blackisnorth;redisnorth;yellowismiddle.(Feng,2005)Yellowisthecolorofearth.LoessplateauistheoriginandthebasisofsurvivalofChinesenation,thus,Chinesecultureisalsocalledloessplateauculture.Amongthefivecolors,yellowisthenoblestone,sotherearesomestatementssuchasYellowEmpire.TheloveofredinchinaoriginatesfromtheworshipoftheGodofSun.duringtheday,thehottesttimeisnoon,andatthistime,sunisintherightsouth.Thecolorofsunanditsheat,inancientChinesepeople’sviewpoint,hasamysterioussense.Sunendowstheuniverselife,soredsymbolizesprosperity,andgreenisthecolorofeast,whichsymbolizesgrowthofalllives,soChinesepeoplelikeredandgreen.White,thecolorofwest,symbolizesfall,andblack,thecolorofnorth,symbolizeswinter.Ancientpeopledon’tlikefallandwinter,becauseinfall,theleavesareallwithered,andinwinter,nearlyallthecreaturesslumber.Whiteandblackarenotenjoyedbypeople.Theyarethesymbolsofominousandevendeath,forexample,“thewhiteevent”whichmeanssomebodyisdeadandthefuneralofhisorher.TheBritishIslesaresurroundedbyocean.Inthepast,Britishpeopledependedonseatomakealiving.Therefore,itisnothardtounderstandhowmuchBritishworshiptheseaandhoeardenttheylovethecolorofsea—blue.People,whomakealivingthroughfishing,notonlydependonseabutalsoareinaweofthesea.Sometimes,tempestwilltakeeverythingfromthem,eventheirlives,hence,thebluecolorsea,intheirviewpoint,meansmelancholy.TheiradorationofpurpleoriginatesfromRomanculture.TheRomanEmperorwhoisinpurplesymbolizesnobility.ThenoblesymbolicmeaningofpurplebeginstobeacceptedbyBritishafterRomeconqueredBritain.ThuswecanseethedifferentoriginofmeaningsofcolorsisthereasonofdifferentassociativemeaningofcolorinChineseandinEnglish.2TheinfluenceofliteratureandlegendLiterature,mythology,andlegendcanembodyanation’sculturalbackgroundandthewayofthinking,becausetheycomefrompeopleandarepopularizedamongpeople.Whentheyspreadwidely,theyendowdifferentassociativemeaningsofcolor.InFrance,therewasaseriesofpornographicstoriesnamedasLaBibiothequeBlue.Andin1880’s,harlotsinEuropewereinbluecloth.Thus,bluehastheassociativemeaningofpornography.(XieandZhang,2004)InBible,thestoryofNoahandarkisknowntoeveryone.Oliverbranchisthesymbolofpeace,thus,greenisgiventheassociativemeaningofpeace.AccordingtoNewTestamentRevelation,therewasawomanwhositsonabeastofcrimson.Thewomandressedinscarlet—accordingtothewrittenwordsonherhead—themotherofharlotsandofearth’sabominations.TheBible·Revelationrelatesscarletwithharlot.HawthorneusedtodescribehisheroinHesterwhocommittheguiltyofadulteressinhisnovelTheScarletLetterasscarletwoman,andaworthytypeofhereofBabylon.ThescarletletterAonthebreastofHesteristhesymbolofadulteress.ThereligiousstatusofBibleinEnglishspeakingcountriesisunshakable,andtheassociativemeaninggivenbyTheBibleisindelible.InChina,thelegendofNvWamakingman(Feng,2005)showstheantecedents’contemplationoftheoriginofman.Accordingtothelegend,manwasmadeofearth,andthecolorofearthwasyellow,thusyellowwasgiventhenobleassociativemeaning.Theword“green—eyed”wasfirstinShakespeare’sfamoustragedyOthello,theMooreofVenice.Green—eyedmonsterwasusedtodescribejealousandsuspicious.Thereafter,green—eyedhastheassociativemeaningofjealous.Therearealsomanyexamplesoriginatefromlegendandliterature.Forexample,inChineseclassicnovelAllMenareBrothers,therewasamanwhosenamewasLiKuitheBlackWhirlwind.BlackwasthecharacterofLiKui—powerbutrecklessness.Thiskindofassociativemeaningisstillusedinnowadays,suchasblackbigguy,whoisstrongbutreckless.3TheinfluenceofreligionReligionisapartofculture,itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenmanandGod,soitisabsolutelyrelatedtothewayofman’sthinking.ThereligionsofChineseandBritishendowwordswiththedifferentcolorfulassociativemeanings.TraditionalChinesereligionsareConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhism.YellowinBuddhismisthesymbolofgettingridofcommonthingsandholyandpure,soBuddhistsareproudofinyellow.Themonarchsadvocated“DivineRightofKings”,sotheyworeyellowclothtoshowtheirnobility.AndTaoismadoredthecolorofpurple.TheyclaimedthatthecreatorofTaoismlivingin“Zi(purple)WeiGong”,thereforepurpleisendowedwiththeassociativemeaningofnobility,forinstance,thepalaceofroyalfamilyisalsocalled“ZiJinCheng”(theforbiddencity).InEnglishspeakingcountries,Christianityisthemajorreligion.ThecolorsinChristianityalsohavesymbolicmeanings.VirginMary,whoadvocatingthereligiousdoctrineofChristianity,isalwaysinblue,becauseChristianthinksheistheangelinbluefromtheHeaven.WhenJesuswasyoung,hewasalwaysinblue.Andwhenhewastemptedbythedarkemissaryinthewildness,hewasinblack.Butafterhisrevival,thecolorofhisclothwereredandwhite,fortheywerethesymbolofGod’snature—wisdomandlove.4TheinfluenceofgeographicalenvironmentGeographicalenvironmentisthesubstancebasisoftheculture.ThedifferentgeographicalenvironmentsofbothBritainandChinahaveaninfluenceontheassociativemeaningofdifferentcolor.ChinesecultureoriginatesinvariousplacesalongtheYellowRiver,whichiscalledasagriculturalculture.InChinese,therearealotofwordsrelatedtoearth,crops,animals,suchasyellowishbrown,strawyellow,applegreen,orduckyellow.Allthesecolorsaredifficulttounderstandforpeoplewholiveinislandsurroundedbysea.Englishcultureisbluecultureorseaculture.ToChinese,itishardtoimaginethecolorofaquamarineandnavyblue.SoitisinevitabletoproducedifferentassociativemeaningofcolorinbothChineseandEnglish.ConclusionIndifferentculture,thesymbolicmeaningorassociativemeaningofcolorwordsarenotabsolutelythesame,sometimestheyevenhavegreatdifference.Peoplebelongtodifferentcultureandethnicgroupsmayendowdifferentsymbolicmeaningsandassociativemeaningsofcolorwords.Westerncivilizationemphasizesscientificandrationaleducationandthediscoveryofeducationalmethodsinthebeginning.Andtheyresorttothescientificattitudetowardstheobjectiveworldandobjectivecognition.Thus,inwesternculture,thesymbolicmeaningofcolorwordsaredirectandgenerallyusingthespecificcolorofsomeobjecttoshowtheabstractculturalconnotation,therefore,itiseasiertotracebackitsorigin.Otherwise,duetoChinahasexperiencedseveralthousandyearsoffeudalismandthebackwardnessofeducationandscience,inChinese,theformationofcolorischaracterizedbystrongmysterioussense,anditsdevelopmentislargelyinfluencedbythedevelopmentofsocialculture.ThedifferenceofcolorwordsinChineseandinEnglishiscausedmainlybythedifferentlocationandgeographicalenvironmentaswellashistory.Thedifferentethnicpsychologyandethniccustomsandthewayofthinkinghavegreatimpactonassociativemeaningsofcolorwords.LiteraturecitationBaiZhimin,1993,UsageandtheRhetoricalFunctionofEnglishColorTerms,ForeignLanguageEducationPress,No.2ChenGuohua,(a),2010;ColorStory:Yellowbook&Yellowjournalism,EnglishLanguageLearning2010,11，page77,ChenGuohua,(b),2010;ColorStory:blueandcyanEnglishLanguageLearning2010,08,page75ChenJiaxu,2003,CategoryandMetaphoricalCognitionofBasicChineseColorterm[J],JournalofHenanNormalUniversityFengTianyu,2005,CulturalHistoryofChina[M],ShanghaiRenminPressKay,Paul&ChadK.Mcdaniel,1978,TheLinguisticSignificanceofTheMeaningsofBasicColorTerms,Language54(3)LiMiao,2003,AnalysisofBasicColorTermsinEnglishandChinese,JournalofSocialScienceofHunanNormalUniversity,No.2,57-58LiangManli,2004(4),AMirrorofColorTermsinEnglishandChineseLanguage[J]ForeignLanguageTeachingandLearningPressMaclaury,E.Robert,1991,SocialandCognitiveMotivationsofChange:MeasuringVariabilityinColorSemantics,Language67(1)MuYanfang,2010,CultureDifferenceoftheAssociativeMeaningofWordsinChineseandEnglish,NationalDefenseIndustryPressQingFeng,2003(1),CulturalDifferenceofColorTerms[J],ForeignLanguageEducationPressRay,VernF.1953,HumanColorPerceptionandBehavioralResponse[M].TransactionsofNewYorkAcademyofScienceSongXiaoyan,2009,TheDistinguishandAssociationofYellowinEnglishandChinese/system/2009/09/17/011273736.shtml2009-09-17XieHaijiang&ZhangLiping,2004,ContrastiveStudyofColorTermsinEnglishandChinese,ShanghaiCishuPressZhangBaiye,1999,AssociativeMeaningofColorinEnglishandChinese,JournalofInnerMongoliaPolytechnicUniversity(socialscience)ZhouJiaxin&ZhangYuanmin,2002,UsageandCulturalAnalysisofColorTermsinEnglishandChinese,JournalofHarbinInstituteofTechnology(socialscience)No.1,122-124ZhouLi,2002,ComparativeStudyofColorTermsinEnglishandChinese,JournalofGuangzhouUniversity(socialscience)YueHaoping,2010,ACognitiveStudyofEmotionalMetaphorinEnglishandChinese,HenanRenminPress基于C8051F单片机直流电动机反馈控制系统的设计与研究基于单片机的嵌入式Web服务器的研究MOTOROLA单片机MC68HC（8）05PV8/A内嵌EEPROM的工艺和制程方法及对良率的影响研究基于模糊控制的电阻钎焊单片机温度控制系统的研制基于MCS-51系列单片机的通用控制模块的研究基于单片机实现的供暖系统最佳启停自校正（STR）调节器单片机控制的二级倒立摆系统的研究基于增强型51系列单片机的TCP/IP协议栈的实现基于单片机的蓄电池自动监测系统基于32位嵌入式单片机系统的图像采集与处理技术的研究基于单片机的作物营养诊断专家系统的研究基于单片机的交流伺服电机运动控制系统研究与开发基于单片机的泵管内壁硬度测试仪的研制基于单片机的自动找平控制系统研究基于C8051F040单片机的嵌入式系统开发基于单片机的液压动力系统状态监测仪开发模糊Smith智能控制方法的研究及其单片机实现一种基于单片机的轴快流CO〈,2〉激光器的手持控制面板的研制基于双单片机冲床数控系统的研究基于CYGNAL单片机的在线间歇式浊度仪的研制基于单片机的喷油泵试验台控制器的研制基于单片机的软起动器的研究和设计基于单片机控制的高速快走丝电火花线切割机床短循环走丝方式研究基于单片机的机电产品控制系统开发基于PIC单片机的智能手机充电器基于单片机的实时内核设计及其应用研究基于单片机的远程抄表系统的设计与研究基于单片机的烟气二氧化硫浓度检测仪的研制基于微型光谱仪的单片机系统单片机系统软件构件开发的技术研究基于单片机的液体点滴速度自动检测仪的研制基于单片机系统的多功能温度测量仪的研制基于PIC单片机的电能采集终端的设计和应用基于单片机的光纤光栅解调仪的研制气压式线性摩擦焊机单片机控制系统的研制基于单片机的数字磁通门传感器基于单片机的旋转变压器-数字转换器的研究基于单片机的光纤Bragg光栅解调系统的研究单片机控制的便携式多功能乳腺治疗仪的研制基于C8051F020单片机的多生理信号检测仪基于单片机的电机运动控制系统设计Pico专用单片机核的可测性设计研究基于MCS-51单片机的热量计基于双单片机的智能遥测微型气象站MCS-51单片机构建机器人的实践研究基于单片机的轮轨力检测基于单片机的GPS定位仪的研究与实现基于单片机的电液伺服控制系统用于单片机系统的MMC卡文件系统研制基于单片机的时控和计数系统性能优化的研究基于单片机和CPLD的粗光栅位移测量系统研究单片机控制的后备式方波UPS提升高职学生单片机应用能力的探究基于单片机控制的自动低频减载装置研究基于单片机控制的水下焊接电源的研究基于单片机的多通道数据采集系统基于uPSD3234单片机的氚表面污染测量仪的研制基于单片机的红外测油仪的研究96系列单片机仿真器研究与设计基于单片机的单晶金刚石刀具刃磨设备的数控改造基于单片机的温度智能控制系统的设计与实现基于MSP430单片机的电梯门机控制器的研制基于单片机的气体测漏仪的研究基于三菱M16C/6N系列单片机的CAN/USB协议转换器基于单片机和DSP的变压器油色谱在线监测技术研究基于单片机的膛壁温度报警系统设计基于AVR单片机的低压无功补偿控制器的设计基于单片机船舶电力推进电机监测系统基于单片机网络的振动信号的采集系统基于单片机的大容量数据存储技术的应用研究基于单片机的叠图机研究与教学方法实践基于单片机嵌入式Web服务器技术的研究及实现基于AT89S52单片机的通用数据采集系统基于单片机的多道脉冲幅度分析仪研究机器人旋转电弧传感角焊缝跟踪单片机控制系统HYPERLINK"/detail.htm?3