上海高级口译备考资料中高级口译必备词汇第十章-国际时事

Chapter10国际时事SECTIONI:相关词汇AABM（antiballisticmissile）[军]AntiballisticMissile,反弹道导弹absolutism

n.专制主义ACLU（AmericanCivilLibertiesUnion）n.美国公民自由协会AffirmativeAction

n.平权措施[详析]asinAffirmativeAction&EqualOpportunity（AAEO）--lawsmandatingincreasednumbersofwomenandminorities,especiallyinemployment.anightmarishday

噩梦般的一天aerosolspray

n.（用以自卫的）喷雾剂airbase

n.空军基地airraid

n.空袭airborne

n.空降部队[详析]：Soldierstrainedtoattackfromtheair,byparachuteorhelicopteraircraftcarrier

航母airforceone

美国空军一号[详析]：anyairplanecarryingthepresidentairmarshal

为预防劫机而在客机上设的随机军官[详析]：afederalmarshalwhoridescommercialflights,armedtopreventhijackingsaircraftcarrier

n.航空母舰airpiracy

n.劫机airstrike

n.空袭all-outattack

n.全面进攻[例句]：TheUnitedStatesanditspartnershavebeenurgingtheoppositiontoavoidlaunchinganall-outattackonKabuluntilabroad-basedgovernmentcanbeformedtoreplacetheTaliban.amendment

n.宪法、法案等修正案anarchism

n.无政府主义anarchist

n.无政府主义者AndeanSummit

安第斯集团峰会（拉美国家）Anthrax

n.炭疽anonymity

n.匿名armada

n.舰队armistice

n.停战协议artillery

n.大炮；炮兵部队assassination

n.暗杀，行刺asymmetricalwarfare

n.不对等作战[详析]：battlebetweendifferentforces,suchasterroristsvs.conventionalforces.attorneygeneral

n.首席检察官，司法部长autocracy

n.独裁政治，独裁政府axisofevil

n.邪恶轴心[详析]可指以下两方面：1.countriestobeattacked;Bushadministrationhitlist（currentlyincludesIran,NorthKorea,andpossiblynowSyria-threateningmovesagainstCubaandVenezuelaalsomadebythisregime）布什政府袭击的黑名单2.Bush-Cheney-Rumsfieldadministration指以布什-切尼-拉姆斯非德为核心的‘邪恶轴心’Bballisticmissile

n.弹道飞弹battalion

n.军营；军队bestialact

n.兽行bigotry

n.偏见、偏执、持偏见的行为[态度]等bill

n.法案、议案BillofRights

n.权利和自由法案，<美>美国宪法前十条修正案biochemterrorism

n.生化恐怖主义biologicalweapons

n.生物武器biometrics

n.生物测定[详析]：themeasurementofbiologicalcharacteristicssuchasfingerprintsoririsscansbioterrorism

n.生物恐怖主义bioterrorismpreparedness

n.生物恐怖预防bipartisan（=bipartizan）

adj.[美]两党的；代表两党的；得到两党支持的blitz

n.闪电战（尤指空袭）[例句]：BritainjoinedU.S.-ledattacksonAfghanistanbodyscan

人身扫描[详析]："soft"x-rayscanthatdoesnotpenetratethebody,butrevealsitscontours,allowingscreenerstospotplasticorceramicweaponsapassengeriscarryingCcabinet

n.内阁、政府capitalism

n.资本主义CampDavid

位于马里兰州的总统度假地戴维营cannon

n.大炮；v.炮轰cargoplanes

n.运输机[例句]：U.S.AirForceC-17cargoplanesflyingfromRamsteinAirBase,Germany,weredroppingfoodandmedicalsuppliesinsideAfghanistanaspartofPresidentBush'sefforttoaiddisplacedcivilians.carpetbomb

v.地毯式轰炸[例句]：U.S.planescarpet-bombedTalibanfrontlinesnorthofKabulonWednesdayandattackedtheMuslimmilitia'spowerbaseofKandaharinsoutheastAfghanistan,hittingaclinic.carrier

n.航空母舰catastrophicsuccess[]

灾难性胜利，指大规模、绝对性的胜利，并不是造成灾难的意思casualties

n.伤亡人员[例句]：thecity'shospitalswereswampedwithcasualties.cavalry

n.原指骑兵；现指（需要借助车直升机快速移动的）突击部队[详析]：Cavalryisanarmycomponentusingmotorvehiclesorhelicoptersandassignedtocombatmissionsthatrequiregreatmobility.cease-fire

n.停战censorship

n.审查制度[详析]：suppressingbooks,plays,music,newspapers,speech,etc.becausetheyareconsideredmorallyorpoliticallyobjectionable.chancellor

n.长官、大臣、（德国）总理chaos

n.混乱chemicalweapons

n.化学武器chemterrorism

n.化学恐怖主义CIA

（centralintelligenceagency）美国中央情报局circuitcourt

n.巡回法庭civilrights

公民权（基于公民权而属于个人的权利，尤指由美国宪法第十三次和第十四次修正案及后续的国会法令所保证的基本自由和权利，包括公民自由、正当手续、法律平等保护和不受歧视）civilwar

n.内战Chinook

n.“支奴干”运输直升机，世界着名的重型运输直升机[详析]：Chinookisoneofthemosteasilyidentifiedhelicoptersintheworld.clusterbomb

n.集束炸弹，又称子母弹collapse

v./n.倒塌[例句]：Atthepentagon,thesymbolandcommandcenterforthenation'smilitaryforce,one’s

ideaofthebuildingcollapsedassmokebillowedoverthePotomacriver.collateraldamage

n.附带损害，尤指的是在冲突中无辜百姓的死亡；施瓦辛格同名电影[详析]：Civiliancasualtiesandcivilianpropertydamageinanattackonamilitarytarget.collectivism

n.集体主义commander-in-chief

n.司令官commando

n.突击队[例句]：Taliban'stroopshitasalliesplanforcommandoraids.Communism

n.共产主义congress

n.（代表）大会Congress

n.（美国等国的）国会，议会conscription

n.征兵强迫征募，尤指军队；征兵conservatism

n.保守主义，守旧性[详析]：anideologythatadvocatesbalanceandorder,tradition,individualism,andnaturallaw.conspiracy

n.阴谋，共谋TheConstitution

n.宪法conventionaldisarmament

常规裁军counterterrorismn.反恐，反暴行cruisemissile

n.巡航导弹[详析]：missilewithaguidancesystemtodeliverittoaspecifiedtargetcyberterrorism

n.网络恐怖主义Ddeathtoll

n.死亡人数debris

n.碎片，残骸debunkvt.揭穿，拆穿假面具DeclarationofIndependence

[美]独立宣言decriminalization

n.合法化D-Day

作战行动的发起日S-Day

特种部队投入战斗的那一天G-Day

地面部队开始参战日A-Day

大规模空袭行动之日deliberateanddeadlyterroristacts

有预谋的、致命的恐怖主义行动[例句]：Today,ourfellowcitizens,ourwayoflife,ourveryfreedomcameunderattackinaseriesofdeliberateanddeadlyterroristacts.DeltaForce

（美国专门用来进行反恐怖行动的）"三角洲"特种部队[详析]：DeltaForceisoneoftheu.s.military'selitespecialunits,drawingmembersfromallmilitarybranches.dictator

n.独裁者disinformation

n.故意的假情报doublespeak

n.故弄玄虚的言词，欺人之谈doublethink

n.思想矛盾DIA

（defenseintelligenceagency）

美国国防情报局disarmament

裁军disastrousattacks

灾难性的袭击drasticchangesineasternEurope

东欧剧变dumbbomb

自由下落炸弹；普通炸弹；傻瓜炸弹Eelection

n.选举embeddedreporters

-reporterswhoareabsorbedintoanadvancingmilitaryunit,andwhomayevendresslikesoldiers,sothattheycanmakerealtimereportsfromthefrontline.emergencyteams

紧急救援队EastTurkistanterrorist

"东突"恐怖分子escaperoute

脱险路线Eurocorps

n.欧洲军团evacuate

v.疏散；使（所有人）撤离[例句]：Notknowingifmoreattackswereontheway,authoritiesevacuatedkeylandmarkslikethewhitehouse,thefire-damagedpentagon,thesearstowerinChicago,theCIAbuildingandtheWaltDisneythemeparks.evolution

n.进展，演变，发展executivebranch

n.[美]行政部门[详析]：oneofthethreemainbranchesoftheU.S.governmentwhichconsistsof10officesand14departmentswhichareledbythePresident.[扩展]:

judicialbranch

n.[美]司法部门legislativebranch

n.[美]立法部门expeditionaryforce

远征军expresscondolencetosomebody

向某人表示哀悼[例句]：ChinesepresidentJiangZeminexpresseddeepsympathytobushandtotheUSgovernmentandpeoplefortheterroristattacksagainsttheus.Healsoexpressedcondolencestothefamilymembersofthevictims.extremist

n.极端分子Ffascism

n.法西斯主义，极端的国家主义FBI

（federalbureauofinvestigations）

美国联邦调查局FCC

（FederalCommunicationsCommission）（美国）通信委员会FederalReserveSystem

（美国）联邦备银行制度[详析]：theU.S.federalbankingsystemthatisunderthecontrolofacentralboardofgovernors（FederalReserveBoard）withacentralbank（FederalReserveBank）ineachofthe12districts.Ithaswidepowersincontrollingcreditandtheflowofmoney.fieldhospital

n.野战医院fighterhelicopter

n.战斗直升机fighterwing

n.战斗机联队firemission

n.射击任务firstaid

n.急救flare

n.照明弹；信号弹fleet

n.舰队flightrefueling

n.空中加油flyaflagathalf-mast

降半旗foodpolice

n.食品警察[详析]：individualsorgroupswhouseapoliticalbiasasastandardtodeterminewhatis,andisnot,healthyorappropriateforhumanconsumption.foray

n./v.突袭forcedlanding

n.迫降fortification

防御工事foxhole

n.散兵坑freespeech

n.言论自由GGestapo

n.<德>盖世太保，纳粹秘密警察genocide

n.有计划的种族灭绝genocidebyattrition

缓慢种族灭绝genocide

n.灭绝种族者gentlemen'sagreement

n.君子协定grandjury

n.大陪审团[详析]：ajurydesignatedtoinquireintoallegedillegalitiestodeterminewhetherornotthereissufficientevidencetowarrantatrial.gravitas

n.庄严的举止，庄严grenade

n.手榴弹Groundzero

常规导弹瞄准的目标或核设备爆炸点，美国9·11恐怖袭击事件中指当初世贸中心姊妹楼矗立的地方已变成了一堆废墟。[详析]：thenicknamequicklyassignedtothecleanupsiteattheworldtradecenter.thephraseinitiallymeantthesiterightbelowwhereanuclearweapondetonatesHhandover

交出，移交[例句]：InthedaysfollowingthestrikesattheWorldTradehard-lineIslamists

n.强硬派伊斯兰教徒homicidebombers-terroristswhokillthemselveswhilemurderingothers.Thistermisusedasaharsherwaytodescribeasuicidebomber.hatecrimes

n.处于仇恨的犯罪hesperophobia

（fearofthewest）

n.对西方的恐惧highseas

n.公海highestalert

n.一级戒备[例句]：TheU.S.militarywentonhighestalerttodayaftertheworstterroristattacksinthenation'shistorycrippledNewYork’sfinancialcenterandstruckattheheartofthefederalgovernmentinWashington.hijackvt.劫持[例句]：Thehijackedplanesdestroyedtwintowers.hittargets

n.攻击目标holywarriors

n.圣斗士homelandsecurity

n.国土安全hostage

n.

人质hostileforces

n.敌对势力IICBM

（InterContinentalBallisticMissile）

洲际弹道导弹impeachment

n.弹劾，指摘[详析]：aformalaccusationinCongressorstatelegislatureagainstapublicofficialandtheresultingtrial.Isolationism

n.孤立主义，一种避免与其它国家建立政治或经济关系的国家政策IRS

（InternalRevenueService）

n.美国国税局infantry

n.步兵团INS

immigrationandnaturalizationservice

美国移民归化局internationalcommonpractice

n.国际惯例internationaltribunal

n.国际法庭IW（informationwarfare）

n.信息战K,Lkamikazeattack神风式飞机的攻击--二战时期日本与对手同归于尽的自杀性飞行攻击[例句]：minuteslatercamethereportofathirdkamikazeattackonthepentagon.kneecap

一种打穿膝盖骨的惩罚，常被北爱尔兰IRA（共和军）用于跟英国政府合作的“叛徒”。[详析]：KneecapisapunishmentcommoninnorthernIrelandbytheIRAforthoseaccusedofbeingcollaboratorswiththeBritish.Itinvolveseithertheshootingorbreakingoftheaccused'skneecap.labourparty

n.工党[详析]：apoliticalpartyinGreatBritain,formedin1900andcharacterizedchieflybybroadsocialreforms.laborunion（orsimply‘union’）

n.工会landmines

n.地雷阵launchstrikes

发动进攻[例句]：U.S.andBritainhaslaunchedAfghanstrikes.libertarian

n.自由意志主义者，行动自由论者[详析]：apersonwhoadvocatesfreedomfromdespoticgovernmentruleandwhobelievesinfreewill;everypersonhastheabsoluterighttocontrolhisownproperty,life,thoughts,body,speech,conduct,etc.andisobligedtorespectthesesamerightsofothers.lobbyist

n.活动议案通过者，说客[详析]：onewhoistopromote（asaproject）orsecurethepassageof（aslegislation）byinfluencingpublicofficialsMmartyrdom

n.殉教，殉道，牺牲[详析]：HamasspiritualleaderYassin,killedinarecentIsraelimissileattack,oncesaid:“Wedonotfeardeaththreats.Weareseekersofmartyrdom.”martyr

n.殉教者，烈士maneuversn.大型战术训练演习massrescue

n.大规模援救[例句]：NewYorkbeginsmassiverescueeffort.metaldetectors机场安检处）金属探测器[例句]：Metaldetectorswouldnotpreventhijackersfrombringingceramicorplasticweaponsontoaitantadj.好战的，积极从事或支持使用武力的military

n.武装力量[详析]U.S.armedforcescomprisedoftheNavy,Army,AirForce,andMitaryadvisoryteam

n.军事顾问团militarybuildup

n.军事集结[例句]：TheUnitedStateshassentsome1,000soldierstoUzbekistanaspartofitsbiggestmilitarybuildupsincethe1991GulfWitarycapabilities

n.军事能力monarchy

n君主政体，君主政治，君主国multinationalpeace-keepingforce

多国维持和平部队mustardgas

n.芥子气，一种毒气，对皮肤和粘膜有腐蚀性，并能引起严重的甚至是致命的呼吸道损害。它是一战期间作为一种战争化学武器被引入的。Nneutralcountry/state

n.中立国notundertaketorenouncetheuseofforce

不承诺放弃使用武器nucleararsenal

n核军火库nationalism

n.民族主义，民族独立运动Nazi

n.纳粹党人

adj.纳粹的，专横的Neocon（Neo-conservative）[美]n.新保守主义者，新保守派[详析]：Jewish-Americans,formerlyasfarleftastobesocialist/communist,,whohavemovedovertothepoliticalright.OneofitsmaintenetsisthevitalimportanceofIsraelasastrategicpartnertotheU.S.NewWorldOrder

n.新世界秩序[详析]：aconspiracytheoryregardinganextremelypowerfulandinfluentialdoomsdaycult,generallyreferredtoastheIlluminati.non-aggressivestance

n.非暴力政策Nostradamus

诺斯卑达穆斯（法国医生和占星家）[详析]：16thcenturyFrenchphysician,astrologerandpoetwhoisviewedbysomeasaprophet.linesofsomeofhispoemswerepulledoutofcontextandstrungtogether,alongwithsomeversesNostradamusneverwrote,tosuggesthehadpredictedtheSept.11attack.NOW（NationalOrganizationforWomen）

n.国家妇女组织[详析]：AnAmericanorganizationthatseekstopromoteequalrightsforwomenandenddiscriminationagainstwomeninallareasofemployment,education,themilitary,socialorganizations,etc.Ooutlays

n.费用operation

n.军事行动[详析]：美国的几次着名行动代号OperationEagleClaw鹰爪行动1980年，伊朗OperationJustCause

正义事业行动，1989-1990年，巴拿马OperationDesertShield/Storm沙漠盾牌/风暴行动，1990-1991年从科威特驱逐伊拉克部队OperationRestoreHope重拾希望行动，1991-1993年，索马里人道主义和维和行动。OperationEnduringFreedom持久自由行动（原名为无限正义行动，OperationInfiniteJustice）2023年，"9·11""事件之后在阿富汗的作战行动OperationIraqiFreedom自由伊拉克行动，2023年，美军向伊拉克发起进攻OperationShockandAwe震慑行动，2023年，对伊拉克高密度轰炸动Opiumn.鸦片[例句]：Afghanistanistheworld'slargestproducerofopium.ordnancen.军火，军械战备[详析]：militarymateriel,suchasweapons,ammunition,combatvehicles,andequipment.P,QP5

联合国安全理事会五个常任理事国[详析]：thepermanentfivemembersoftheUNSecurityCouncil:China,England,France,Russia,AndTheU.S.A.parliament

n.国会，议会partizan

n.党羽，某个党派、事业、派系、人或思想的狂热的支持者或反对者Patriotmissile

n.“爱国者”导弹payaprice

付出代价[例句]："NowtheTalibanwillpayaprice,"Bushvowed.perjury

n.伪誓，伪证PETA（PeoplefortheEthicalTreatmentofAnimals）

n.美国人道对待动物协会[详析]：Agroupthatsupportsanimal"rights"byprotestingmedicaltestingonanimalsandtheuseofanimalstomakeclothing,cosmetics,andotherconsumablesincludingfood.piracy

n.侵犯版权，非法翻印，盗版platoon

n.[军]排plutocracy

n.富豪统治politicalunrestn.政治动荡局面post-traumaticstressdisorder

（由于战伤，恐怖等原因所引起的）外伤性神经失调症[详析]：commonailmentforsurvivorsandrescueworkersindisasterspound

v.猛烈轰炸[例句]：U.S.airstrikespoundAfghanhomes.Presidentialelection

n.总统选举adverseelectionresults

不利的选举结果ballot

v.投票；选举/拉选票

n.选票campaign

v./n.竞选活动，从事竞选活动candidate

n.候选人canvass

v.游说、拉选票charisma

n.领袖魅力controversy

n.争议，论战Democraticparty

（美）民主党派electorate

n.全体选民eloquent

adj.口才很好的graciousloser

n.输得起的人；有风度的输家heavypoll

n.得票率高impeachment

n.弹劾jubilantvictorycelebration

n.胜利的欢庆场面nominee

n.候选人；被提名者opinionpoll

n.民意测验poll

n./v.投票；投票数pollstation/thepoll

投票站RepublicanParty（美）共和党TVdebate

n.电视辩论voter

n.选民neckandneck

adj.并驾齐驱；不分上下landslide

n.占绝对优势的选举；压倒多数的选票landslidevictory

n.巨大的胜利proliferation

n.扩散proposal

n.倡议书pullback

n./v.撤军[例句]：Palestinianssaidthepullbackshouldbecarriedoutunconditionally,andtheUnitedStateskeptupitspressuretoendtheoperation,whichisIsrael'smostintensivein13monthsoffighting.quota

n.配额，限额[详析]：thenumberofpersonsofaspecificraceorgenderrequiredtobeenrolledinacollege,tobehiredbyacompany,tobeadmittedtoaclub,etc.Rrecall

[美]（投票）罢免recession

n.工商业之衰退，不景气reinforcements

n.援军，増援rescue

n./v.营救rescuecrews/workers

救援人员retaliation

n.报复retaliatoryattacks

n.报复性袭击revenueenhancement

n.税收增加[详析]：atermusedtodescribeataxincrease,withouthavingtocallitataxincrease."roadmap"peaceplanfortheMiddleEast

中东和平“路线图”rubble

n.碎石，废墟SSafeHouse

n.（间谍、恐怖分子的）藏身房，安全房sarin

n.沙林，一种用作神经性毒气的化学剂seachange

海洋式转变，巨大变化，源自莎士比亚的剧本台词。[详析]：clichéoftenusedtodescribethevastchangeininternationalrelationsoru.s.outlookcausedbytheterroristattack.fromShakespeare's"theTempest":"nothingofhimthatdothfadebutdothsufferasea-changeintosomethingrichandstrange."secede

vi.正式脱离或退出，分离secretballot

不记名投票SecretService

（政府的）特务机关，情报机关SecurityCouncil

n.联合国安全理事会shrapnel

n.流霰弹[例句]：Hesaidabombormissilehadexplodednearbyandshrapnellandedonhishouse.skyjacking

n.劫机[详析]：thehijackingofanairlinerbyterroristssmallpox

n.天花[例句]：Within48hours,smallpoxcouldtravelfromNewYorktoItalytoBaghdad.socialism

n.社会主义，社会主义运动specialforces

n.特种部队spiritualleader

n.精神领袖squad

n.[军]班，分队，小组，小队suicidesquad敢死队stealthn.秘密行动stripthecitizenship

取消国籍stronghold

n.要塞据点stungun

眩晕枪[例句]：PresidentBushhasproposedarmingpilotswithstunguns.Theairlinepilotsassociationwantspilotsarmedwithfirearmssuicidebombing

n.自杀性爆炸surgicalstrike

n.外科手术式袭击，指精确而迅速的袭击，一般为空袭[详析]：militaryoperationwithalimitedobjective,performedwithprecisionandswiftness,usuallyfromtheairsyndicalism

[]

n.工会组织主义，职能政府论symmetricalwarfare

n.对称作战[详析]：battlebetweenlikeforces:tanksvs.tanksandaircraftvs.aircraft.waronterrorismmaybelargelyasymmetricalTteargas

催泪弹terrorprobe

（为预防恐怖活动）收取情报terrorism

n.恐怖主义，恐怖行为terroristacts

n.恐怖行为，恐怖活动terroristgroup

n.恐怖组织terroristmastermind

恐怖大亨[例句]：Thecountry'srulingTalibanmilitiadeclaredtheassaulta``terroristattack''andsaidallegedterroristmastermindOsamabinLadenandTalibanleaderMullahMomammedOmarhadsurvived.theBushAdministration

布什政府thedisintegrationofthesovietunion

苏联解体theMiddleEastpeaceprocess

中东和平进程theWorldEnergyconference

世界能源会议thinktank

n.智囊团[详析]：aresearchinstituteorotherorganizationofscholars,socialorphysicalscientists,etc.thoughtpolice-individualsorgroupswhouseapoliticalbiasasastandardtodeterminewhatis,andisnot,appropriateforotherstothinkorsay.TMD（TheaterMissileDefensesystem）

战区导弹防御体系towantsomebodydeadoralive

无论是生是死，

都要将其缉拿Tory

n.保守党党员，保皇党人adj.保守分子的[详析]：amemberoftheconservativepartyinGreatBritainorCanada.toxin

n.毒素TwinTowers

姊妹楼，又称双子座，美国世贸中心原七座大楼中的主要建筑tyranny

n.暴政，苛政，专治UUnitedNations

n.联合国[详析]：aninternationalorganization,headquarteredinNewYorkCity,formedtopromoteinternationalpeace,security,andcooperationunderthetermsofthechartersignedby51foundingcountriesinSanFranciscoin1945.UNpermanentrepresentative

n.

常驻联合国代表unilateralism

n.单边主义，单方面裁军unveilfreshpolicy

新政策出台Vverticalenvelopment

垂直包围，依靠空中突击师采用空降的方式将部队部署到敌军的侧翼和后方，发动包夹进攻victim

n.受害者visittotheYasukuniwarshrine

参拜靖国神社W,Zwarplane

（militaryaircraft）

n.军用飞机：[例句]：MissilesandwarplanesstreakedthroughtheAfghannightandrockedatleastthreecitiesinaU.S.-BritishattackonOsamabinLadenandhisTalibanbackersSunday.Watergate

n.水门事件（美国政治丑闻）WMD（weaponsofmassdestruction）

大规模杀伤性武器[详析]：WMDwouldinclu