在英语中动词按其在句子中的作用可分为谓语动词和非课件

非谓语动词

在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Ithinkitwise_______(ask)himforadvice.Theyseem____________(finish)theirwork.__________(do)hishomework,hewentoutforplay.Hesentmeane-mail,______(hope)togetmoreadvice.toasktohavefinishedHavingdonehopingB、语态：主动语态被动语态todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneHeisasked________(send)toworkinthefactory.Heissaid_____________(send)toLondonalready.Thisistheproblem___________(discuss)atthemeetingnow._____________manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.tobesenttohavebeensentbeingdiscussedHavingbeentold注：非谓语动词的否定结构是：not+非谓语动词Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilfoodaftertheoperation.Notknowingwhattodo,hephonedhimagain.Tonywasunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.主语表语宾语补语定语状语不定式++++++现在分词++++过去分词++++动名词++++组成介词短语四、非谓语动词充当的成分(一)不定式与动名词作主语不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作，尤其是指将来的动作。动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。_____withfireisdangerous.A.PlayingB.Toplay

_____withfirewillbedangerous.A.Toplay

B.PlayingAA(二)动名词与不定式作宾语

在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：A.以下动词常接不定式作宾语wish,ask,promise,pretend,fail,

decide,learn,agree,manage,demand,plan,refuse,seem,expect,want,hope,arrange,attempt,choose,determine,happen,offer,prepare,appear,afford,intend,desireB.以下动词常接动名词作宾语suggest,finish,enjoy,mind,avoid,

miss,

practise,excuse,consider,appreciate,imagine,escape,finish,keep,standlookforwardto,devote…to…,getdownto,be/getusedto,payattentionto,leadto,stickto,prefer…to…,bebusy1.like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式时，表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来的动作；接动名词时，表示习惯、经验、体会。Ipreferbeingalone.Iprefertostayathometoday.C.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词2.remember、forget、regret等词后接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词时，表示一已经发生了的动作。Iforgottellinghimthenews.Iforgottotellhimthenews.Idon’trememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.3.跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同。meandoing/todo,stopdoing/todo,goondoing/todo,trydoing/todo,cannothelpdoing/todo4.want、need、require、request等此后接不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子的主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。Yourwatchneedsrepairing\toberepaired.Thewindowsneedpaintingagain\tobepaintedagain.5.固定句型It’snouse/good/uselessdoingsth.It’skind/wise/cleverofsb.todosth.It’simportant/hardforsb.todosth.IfIhadremembered_______(close)thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.

2.

Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______(rest)onabigrockbythesideofthepath.

3.

Thissentenceneeds________________________(improve).

toclosetorestimproving或tobeimproved4.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers___abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding5.Theywouldnotallowhim___acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingCA6.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed___.A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest___inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepairedCD8.IcanhardlyimaginePeter______(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.sailing(三)非谓语动词作状语

1.现在分词(v+ing)作状语表示主动的动作。2.过去分词(v+ed)有两大特点，一是表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动作。1.时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末)2.原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中)3.条件状语：可加连词if,unless等；也可换成条件状语从句。(多置于句首)

4.让步状语：有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether…or等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。(多置于句首)5.结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。（多置于句末）6.方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。(多置于句末)

A.现在分词与过去分词作状语Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.HearingWhenthebabysawitsmother,itsmiled.SeeingAstheyhopedtogetoursupport,theysentustheirstatement.HopingThesnowlastedaweek,soitresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.resultingWhenhearingWhileheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.WorkingWhileworkingWhenseeingWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Don‘tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Hewaswarnedofthedanger,buthestillwentskatingontheice.

SeenGreatlytouchedGivenspokenWarnedheIfgivenWhenseenB.不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。Shelookedintothewindow,andwantedtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.Shelookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.注：表目的的不定式还常与soas或inorder连用，构成soas(not)todo和inorder(not)todo结构，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.

=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.

=Wegotupveryearly(inorder/soas)togetthereintime.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsothathewouldnotlosehisjob.=soasnottolosehisjob.

动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和before,after,on,by,in,without等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：C.动名词作状语Withoutsayingaword,hewentaway.OnarrivinginBeijing,hetelephonedme.____________(know)thathewonthematch,hethrewthecapintothesky.2._________________(finish)thehomework,thelittlegirldoesn'tdaretogotoschool.3.________(write)insimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.4.___________(become)ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster‘sdegree.HavingknownNothavingfinishedWrittenTobecome5.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.AhavingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added

6.___upathisfather,heaskedwhatwasthematterwithhim.A.HavinglookedB.LookingC.TolookD.Look7.___suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedCBA不定式,现在分词与过去分词作补足语的区别:不定式：强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全过程。过去分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的动作。过去分词作补足语时，这些过去分词一般都来自及物动词，表被动或完成之意。现在分词：强调被补足的宾语或主语正在进行的动作。(四)非谓语动词作补足语1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear,watch,feel,find,give,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,smell,watch

等词的句子中。2.表示“致使”等意义的使役动词，如catch,make,have,get,keep,leave,set的句子中。3.with引导的结构中。非谓语动词作宾语补足语最常见的是出现在使役动词、感觉动词的句型结构中。即：havesb.dosth.havesb.doingsth.havesth.donehavesth.doingShewasgladtoseeherchildwell_______(take)careof.2.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem_______(settle)soquickly.3.Icouldfeelthewind_________(blow)onmyfacefromanopenwindow.takensettledblowingCA4.Hefoundthem____atatable____.A.seating;playingchessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess5.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlocked

B.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlocked

D.toleave;unlocking6.Withalotofwork___,hedidn’tgotothefilm.A.tobedoneB.todoC.doingD.havingdone7.Heknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls___inalldirectionsbefore___.

A.flying;senttosleepB.flying;sendingtosleepC.tofly;tobesenttosleepD.tofly;sendingsleeping

BA1.Thisbookisreally___.A.toentertainB.entertainedC.entertaining2.Hegrewmore___andalittle___whenhegottothemysteriouscave.A.exciting;frightenedB.exciting;frighteningC.excited;frightenedD.excited;frightening3.Themainjoboftheantqueenis___eggs.A.tolayB.layingC.lainD.laidCCB(五)非谓语动词作表语4.Theboywas___,soIdidn’tbelievehimagain.A.disappointingB.disappointedC.todisappoint5.Atthesightofthesnake,thelittlegirlgot___.A.tobefrightenedB.frighteningC.frightenedAC现在分词(V+ing)作定语：表示所修饰名词正在进行的,主动的动作。过去分词(V+ed)作定语：表示一个已经完成了的,被动的动作。不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个将来的动作。动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途。(六)非谓语动词作定语Afootballfanisapersonwhohasastronginterestinfootball.2.IamlookingforthetrainwhichwillgotoShanghai.3.Itwasattheschoolwhichwasnamedafteraherothathespenthischildhood.4.WhoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?5.Thehousewhichisbeingbuiltbelongstomyuncle.havingtogotonamedstandingbeingb