山东省德州市规范化学校中学高一英语期末试卷含解析

山东省德州市规范化学校中学高一英语期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.---Sorry,butIdon’tquiteunderstandthatphrase.---OK,Iwillmakeanothersentenceto_______itsmeaning.A.bringaboutB.bringupC.bringoutD.bringin参考答案：C略2.Astheywerewalkingaround,theynoticedaman_______againstatree.A.sit B.tosit C.sitting D.sat参考答案：C3.LiuyangNo1HighSchool,______hasahistoryofmorethan80years,isafamousschoolinHunanProvince.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.it参考答案：A4.--MrsSmithissoniceagoodteacherthatwewillrememberherforever.--Yes.She____giveushelpwheneverwewereintrouble.

A.must

B.might

C.could

D.would参考答案：D5.You’dbettercutyourhairshort.Ourschooldoesnot_____longhair.A.approveofstudentswore B.approvestudentstowearC.approveofstudentstowear

D.approveofstudentswearing参考答案：D6.AnAsiannormallydoesnotopenagiftinthepresenceofthegiver,______anAmericantendstoopenitimmediatelywhenhegetsit.A.since

B.while

C.when

D.as

参考答案：B7.Withsomanythings______,Ican’tgoonholidaywithyou.A.dealtwith

B.todealwith

C.dealingwith

D.dealwith参考答案：B8.—Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?A.seat

B.

sitting

C.seating

D.sat参考答案：B略9.I

basketballalotinmysparetime,butnowIaminterestedinfootball.A．usedtoplay

B．usedtoplaying

C．wasusedtoplay

D．wasusedtoplaying参考答案：A10.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,____visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck

A.was

Bwere

Chadbeen

D.wouldbe参考答案：A略11.Thecityhassetastrict______onthenumberoflicensesitwillissueforprivatecarsnextyear.A.strength

B.limit

C.length D.distance参考答案：B12.Iwouldappreciate________ifhecouldpickmeupatthecorner.A．it

B．one

C．that D．this参考答案：A解析考查固定句式。句意：如果他在拐角处顺便把我接走的话，我将不胜感激。此处句式为wouldappreciateitif如果……的话不胜感激。13..Clairehadherluggage________anhourbeforetheplaneleft. A.check

B.checking

C.tocheck

D.checked参考答案：D14.Hesmiledpolitely____________Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.A.as

B.if

C.unless

D.though参考答案：A15.WhenIwasinkindergarten,Iwasoften_____bymyteacherstobepolitetotheadults.A.reminded

B.forgiven

C.allowed

D.impressed参考答案：A略16.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_______onehundred,butonlyasmallnumberofpeople____come.A.are;have

B.is;has

C.are;has

D.is;have参考答案：D二、完型填空17.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple___26___.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe___27___dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult___28___situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural___29___,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereallyvital___30___.Dunbar___31___thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively.Instead,hesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—___32___,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe___33___ofthehigherprimates（灵长类动物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor___34___fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar___35___thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe___36___itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto___37___thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe___38___tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore___39___kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有声的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one___40___contact.26.A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language27.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally28.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural29.A.admirers B.masters C.users D.wasters30.A.issues B.problems C.facts D.headlines31.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens32.A.forinstance B.inaddition C.onthecontrary D.asaresult33.A.motivation B.appearance C.emotion D.behaviour34.A.attack B.contact C.respect D.assistance35.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.admits36.A.prospect B.responsibility C.leadership D.protection37.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.reduce38.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gained39.A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful40.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secret参考答案：26.C

27.B

28.A

29.D

30.A

31.B

32.C

33.D

34.A

35.C

36.D

37.D

38.B

39.B

40.C【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学家RobinDunbar通过研究灵长类的行为得出结论——语言的进化是专门为了让我们闲聊的。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.claim断言；B.description描述；C.gossip闲聊；D.language语言。根据本空前的“Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple”可知，研究表明，人类三分之二的谈话不是关于当今文化或政治问题的讨论，也不是关于刚刚看完的电影或读完的书的激烈辩论，而是简单的闲聊，下文中的“gossip”也是提示，故C项正确。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A.occasionally偶尔；B.habitually习惯地、日常地；C.independently独立地；D.originally最初。根据本空后的“dowithit?Wegossip.”可知，语言是我们的财富，我们习惯上用它做什么？我们闲聊，故B项正确。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.social社交的；B.political政治的；C.historical历史的；D.cultural文化的。根据本空后的“situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.”可知，此处指如何处理涉及到孩子、爱人以及同事等困难的社交情况，故A项正确。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.admirers崇拜者；B.masters大师；C.users使用者；D.wasters挥霍者。根据上句的热衷于闲聊及本空后的“ofbothtimeandwords?”可知，我们是天生的时间和语言的挥霍者么？故D项正确。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.issues问题、议题；B.problems问题、难题；C.facts

事实；D.headlines标题。根据本空前的“thereallyimportantissuesoflife”可知，心理学家RobinDunbar在他的新书中说闲聊是其中一个非常重要的问题，故A项正确。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.confirms确认；B.rejects反对、抵制；C.outlines概述；D.broadens扩大。根据本空后的“thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively.”可知，Dunbar反对语言是男人是在社会发展的早期为了更有效地组织狩猎活动而发展的，故B项正确。【32题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A.forinstance例如；

B.inaddition另外；

C.onthecontrary相反、反之；D.asaresult结果。根据本空后“hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.”可知，我们不是因为会说话就花三分之二的时间闲聊，相反，语言的进化是专门为了让我们闲聊的，故C项正确。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.motivation动机；

B.appearance外表；C.emotion情感；D.behaviour行为。根据本空后的内容可知，Dunbar是通过研究高级灵长类动物的行为而得出这个结论的，故D项正确。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.attack攻击；B.contact接触、联系；C.respect尊重；D.assistance帮助。根据本空前的“monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor”可知，猴子与其他个体组成群体，当群体内部发生冲突或受到外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体获得支持，故A项正确。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.recalls回忆；B.denies否认；C.concludes得出结论、推断；D.admits承认。根据本空后的“thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.”可知，Dunbar从猴子的这一行为得出结论——在人类的历史上，我们也做过同样的事情，故C项正确。36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.prospect预期

；B.responsibility责任；C.leadership领导能力；D.protection保护。根据本空前的“Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,”可知，群体规模越大，提供的保护就越大，故D项正确。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.measure衡量；B.show展示；C.maintain保持；D.reduce减少。根据本空后的“thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.”可知，梳理有助于减少压力和变得冷静，故D项正确。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.saved挽救；B.extended延伸、扩大；C.consumed

消耗；D.gained赢得。根据本空前的“Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe”可知，随着群体的规模变得越来越大，花在梳理活动上的时间也不断延长以保持其有效性，故B项正确。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.common常见的；B.efficient有效的；C.scientific科学的；D.thoughtful体贴的。根据本空后的“kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有声的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one___15___contact.”可知，需要一种更有效的梳理，因此，语言进化为一种发声法，通过在更广的个体网络上交换信息，人类可以发展与更大群体的关系，而不是一对一的身体接触，故B项正确。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.indirect间接的；B.daily日常的；

C.physical身体的；D.secret秘密的。根据上文语境可知，语言进化为一种发声法，通过在更广的个体网络上交换信息，人类可以发展与更大群体的关系，而不是一对一的身体接触，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第8题难度较大，抓住空后所举事例是关键，根据“Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit”可知，科学家是通过研究猴子梳理皮毛来进行研究的，而梳理皮毛属于猴子的一种行为，故本空选behaviour。三、阅读理解18.

Cantreestalk?Yes,butnotinwords.Scientistshavereasontobelievethattreesdocommunicate(交际)witheachother.Notlongago,researcherslearnedsomesurprisingthings.Firstawillowtreeattackedinthewoodsbycaterpillars(毛虫)changedthechemistryofitsleavesandmadethemtastesoterriblethattheygottiredoftheleavesandstoppedeatingthem.Thenevenmoreastonishing,thetreesentoutaspecialsmell---asignal(信号)causingitsneighborstochangethechemistryoftheirownleavesandmakethemlesstasty.Communication,ofcourse,doesn’tneedtobeinwords.Wecantalktoeachotherbysmiling,raisingourshouldersandmovingourhands.Weknowthatbirdsandanimalsuseawholevocabularyofsongs,sounds,andmovements.Beesdancetheirsignals,flyingincertainpatternsthattellotherbeeswheretofindnectar（花蜜）forhoney.Sowhyshouldn’ttreeshavewaysofsendingmessage?

66.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatcaterpillarsdonotfeedonleavesthat______.

A.arelyingontheground

B.haveanunpleasanttaste

C.beesdon’tlike

D.haveanunfamiliarshape67.Thewillowtreedescribedinthepassageprotecteditselfby______.

A.growingmorebranches

B.communicatingwithbirdsandbees

C.changingitsleafchemistry

D.shakingcaterpillarsoff68.Accordingtothepassage,thewillowtreewasabletocommunicatewithothertreesby______.

A.wavingitsbranches

B.givingoffaspecialsmell

C.droppingitsleaves

D.changingthecolourofitstrunk69.Accordingtothispassage,beescommunicateby______.

A.makingspecialmovement

B.touchingoneanother

C.smellingoneanother

D.makingunusualsound70.Theauthorbelievesthattheincidentdescribedinthepassage______.

A.cannotbetakenseriously

B.shouldnolongerbepermitted

C.mustbecheckedmorethoroughly

D.seemscompletelyreasonable参考答案：BCBAD19.TheUnitedStatesisfullofcars.Therearestillmanyfamilieswithoutcars,butsomefamilieshavetwoormore.However,carsareusedformorethanpleasure.Theyareanecessarypartoflife.Carsareusedforbusiness.Theyaredriventoofficesandfactoriesbyworkerswhohavenootherwaytogettotheirjobs.Whensalesmenaresenttodifferentpartsofthecity,theyhavetodriveinordertocarrytheirproducts.Farmershavetodriveintothecityinordertogetsupplies.Sometimessmallchildrenmustbedriventoschool.Insomecitiesschoolbusesareusedonlywhenchildrenlivemorethanamileawayfromtheschool.Whenthechildrenaretooyoungtowalktoofar,theirmotherstaketurnsdrivingthemtoschool.OnemotherdrivesonMondaystakingherownchildrenandtheneighbors'aswell.AnothermotherdrivesonTuesdays,anotheronWednesday,andsoon.Thisiscalledformingacarpool.Menalsoformcarpools,withthreeorfourmentakingturnsdrivingtotheplacewheretheyal