名词性从句精简版

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名词性从句

一．定义：

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

NounClausesSubjectObjectPredicativeAppositiveClauses1.Youknow

thatIamateacherofEnglish.2.ThatIamateacherofEnglishisknowntoyouall.3.ItisknowntoyouallthatIamateacherofEnglish.4.ThefactthatIamateacherofEnglishisknowntoyouall.5.Iamworriedaboutwhetheryoucandowellintheexam.6.WhatIamworriedaboutiswhetheryoucandowellintheexam.

thatIamateacherofEnglish

ThatIamateacherofEnglishthatIamateacherof

English

whetheryoucandowellintheexam.OCSCSCPCAC

thatIamateacherofEnglish

whetheryoucandowellin

theexam.OCFindtheclausesandtellthefunctionofthem:SCWhatIamworriedaboutConjunctionsofNounClauses:连接词连接代词连接副词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichthat,whether,if,asif

(asthough)when,where,how,why状语主语、宾语1.Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom.

2.________hegotthemoneyisstilluncertain.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions________we

shouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt________hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.6.Thethingthattroublesmeis______toheadforEurope.Fillintheblanksusing“that/whether/where/how/when”whereHowthatthatwhetherwhen主语从句

S+V+O

S+v(be)+p(表)

1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter

2.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It+be+名词+that从句

Itisapitythat

we

won‘tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.

Itisamystery

whatcausedtheaccident.

（2）It+be+形容词+that从句

Eg.Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.

Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.

Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.

Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.

（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句

Itissaidthat据说

Itisreportedthat据报道

Itisbelievedthat据认为

g.Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)

ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.

Itissuggestedthatthework（should）bedonewithgreatcare.

（4）It+不及物动词+that从句

（happen,seem,appear,turnout）

Eg.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)

Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)

Itturnedoutthatnobodyrememberedtheaddress.

注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatsb(should)+do

Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)thatsb(should)+do…

宾语从句V+宾，prep+宾,be+adj+宾1)Theyknow

thatthehabitwillkillthem.2)Heasked

howmuchIpaidfortheviolin.3)Hemadeitcleartothepublic

thathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.4)Ifinditnecessary

thatweshoulddothehomework.1.V+sb+sth(某些动词加双宾情况)动词如advise,ask,promise,show,teach,tell等

SheustoldusthatwewouldgotoUK.Shepromisedthatshewouldgiveusmorehelp.

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2.在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。例如：

Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。

Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。

3.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.

IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.

IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.

Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.

我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.

②在like,enjoy,love,hate,等表示喜怒哀乐情绪的动词后，若要跟宾语从句时，需要跟形式宾语it.

Eg.Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.

Hetookitforgrantedthathisgirlfriendwouldcomebackagain.他想当然的认为女朋友会再回来。

Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.

③若宾语从句是wh-类,宾语后有宾补，此种情况不可用it代替wh类宾语从句。

Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

Wediscovered

whatwehadlearned

tobevaluable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.

4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，

当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：

Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.（从句用一般将来时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：

TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftforAmerica．e

Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词后接的宾语从句是否定句时，且主语是一人称时，此时要将从句中的否定形式移到主句中，即宾语从句否定前移。例如：

Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。

Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。

五．表语从句

其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句例如：

Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That’sjustwhatIwant.

这正是我想要的。

Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。

Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。

1.that

注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.

2表示命令，建议的名词接表语从句，用虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形

Eg.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)climballthewaytothetopofthehill.

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同位语从句

1.定义：同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。

同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有：

advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

Eg.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.

他想到可能玛丽生病了。

有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开，称作间隔同位语从句。

Eg.Severalyearslater，wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem．

Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity．

2.同位语从句一般使用陈述语气，但在表示“命令，建议，要求，想法”等意义的名词后面的that同位语从句中，要用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形

Eg.Hegaveusasuggestionthateveryone(should)haveamap.

3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；

that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

Eg.Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）连接词的讲解Wh疑问词引导的名词性从句Whether与if区别相关练习NounClausesIntroducedbyQuestionWordsWhatwashedoing?Hisfatherwassurprised.subjectclause主语从句Whathewasdoingsurprisedhisfather.What’syourfirstimpressionofhim?Iwanttoknow.objectclause宾语从句Iwanttoknowwhatyourfirstimpressionofhimis.HowcanImakeagrammarlessoninteresting?Thatismyquestion.predicativeclause表语从句MyquestionishowIcanmakeagrammarlessoninteresting.

Attention

用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,

why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意从句句子语序要用陈述语序

6.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a.引导主语从句并在句首时；

b.引导表语从句时；

c.引导从句作介词宾语时；

d.从句后有“ornot”时；

e.后接动词不定式时。

Eg.Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?现在的问题是她是否应该有一个低意见的测试？

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.

一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.

我想知道他来还是不来。

Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?

你能否告诉我是去还是留？

practice1.—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem.

—Yes,itcouldbe.

—Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that2.______isnopossibility_____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;whatC.There;whetherD.It;whether3.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when4.Canyoutellme______?A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman5.Hedidn’tknowwhichroom______.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein6.Togetthejobstarted,____Ineedisfromhere.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat7.Insomecountries________iscalled“equality”doesn’treallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one8.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere9.______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.whoC.ThatD.Whether10.Thereason____Iplantogois___shewillbedisappointed____Idon’t.A.why;because;whenB.why;that;ifC.because;that;ifD.why;that;whether11.—____canIdowithasituation?

—Take____measureyouconsiderbest.A.How;whicheverB.What;whateverC.How;whateverD.What;whichever12._____shesaidsuggestedthatshehadn’tdecided____togoornot.A.What;ifB.That;whetherC.What;whetherD.Whether;what13.Hemadeapromise_____anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif14.______wouldliketodevotehiswhol