定语从句讲解

Unit9SectionAGrammarFocus定语从句1、定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或者代词的品质与特征的。（主要有adj.）Ihaveason.-------------Ihaveacuteson.IhaveahandsomeEnglishteacher.2、从句：整个句子充当另一个句子的成分。（连+主+谓）Iknowthatyouloveme.IwonderwhetherJuneisagoodtimetovisitHongKong.3、定语从句：整个句子充当另一个句子的成分，相当于一个adj.作定语，去修饰主句中的名词或者代词。(存在理由）Ihaveacuteson.Ihaveason

whoiscute.4、判断定从的标准：A、主句完整B、主句中有名词或代词被从句修饰。Ihaveamother

wholovesmeverymuch.5、定从的四大专有名词：A、主句B、从句C、先行词D、关系词C、先行词：从句前被修饰的名词或者代词。主句Weplantedsomeflowers

whichdon’tneedmuchwater从句关系代词先行词D、关系词关系代词：that（指人或者物；指人又指物）、which（指物）、who(作主语或宾语）>=whom（作宾语）、whose（谁的）关系副词：when(指时间）、where（指地点）、why(指原因）注意：关系代词没有what6、关系词的作用A、连接主从句B、在从句中充当语法作用C、相当于一个adj.替代先行词7、考点：A、关系词B、主谓一致：关系代词做定从的主语时，应注意从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。例:Tomknowstheteacherswhoareplayingfootball.关系代词指人或物从句中的成分例句that人或物作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）Iworkforashopthatsellscars.(主语)Hefoundabook(that)Ilost.(宾语）which作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）IlikemusicwhichIcandanceto.Theyaretalkingaboutthefilm(which)theysawlastnight.who人作主语；作宾语时可省略Doyouknowtheboywhoisridingabike?(作主语）Sallyisthegirl(who)Ioftenwriteto.(作宾语）whom人who的宾格，作宾语可省略Idon’tknowtheman(whom)ourteacheristalkingwith.whose人或物who的所有格，做后面名词的定语Arethereanystudentswhoseparentsaredoctors?关系代词先行词从句中的成分例句when指时间作状语IstillrememberthedaywhenyoucamehereWhere指地点状语Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.why指原因状语That’sthereasonwhyhewaslatethismorning.用来引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose。本单元我们重点讲解that,who和which引导的定语从句。◆that引导的定语从句that引导定语从句时,既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。Heisapersonthatdoeswhathesays.

(person是先行词,that在从句中作主语)

他是一个说话算数的人。ThecatthatIboughtyesterdayisill.(cat是先行词,that在从句中作宾语)

我昨天买的那只猫病了。◆who引导的定语从句who引导定语从句时只能指人,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。

Afriendwhohelpsyouwhenyouhavetroubleisarealfriend.(friend是先行词,who在从句中作主语)

在你有困难时帮助你的朋友才是真正的朋友。

whom也可以引导定语从句,在从句中只能作宾语,有时可以和who互换,但介词后只能用whom,不能用who。

Heisthemanwho/whomIhavebeenlookingfor.=HeisthemanforwhomIhavebeenlooking.

他就是我一直在找的人。◆which引导的定语从句which引导定语从句时,只能指物,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。Iwanttotakeawaythebookwhichyoushowedmeyesterday.(book是先行词,which在从句中作宾语)

我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。注意:◆在由that,who和which引导的定语从句中,当它们在从句中作主语时,都不可以省略；作宾语时,都可以省略。◆介词后面只能用which或whom,不能用that或who。II.根据句意,用正确的关系代词填空。Heistheman__________isreadytohelpothers.2.Thegirl________________Ispoketojustnowismyfriend.3.Thedress___________youboughtinthecitymallismadeofsilk.4.Billlikesmusic___________hecansingalongwith.that/whothat/who/whomthat/whichthat/which5.Thisisthevillage__________Iusedtolivein.6.Womenalwayslikebuyingmanythings_____________theydon’tneedatall.7.I’mstudyingasubject___________Iamveryinterestedin.8.Thegirlwith________Iwentshoppingyesterdayismycousin.that/whichthat/whichthat/whichwhom注意:◆关系词只能用that的情况:1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,

只能用that,而不用which。例如:

Hewasthefirst

personthatpassedtheexam.2.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:Isthereanything

thatyouwanttobuyintheshop?3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

Thisisthesame

bikethatIlost.4.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures

thatIsawintheroom.5.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。例如:

Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?6.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。例如:

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.

单项选择1.Ilikemusic_______greatlyrics.A.thathaveB.thathasC.whohaveD.whohas2.Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersons

_______theysawthereafewdaysago.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whatBC3.Thisisthehighestbuilding_______I’veeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where4.Ireallydidn’tknowanything_______happenedtoJimyesterday.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.thatBD5.---Whoistheman_______isstandingoverthere?---Oh,heismymathteacher.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which6.Thebuilding_______isoveronehundredyearsoldisveryfamoushere.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.whereCA【2011山东临沂】24.Peterlikesmusic_____isveryloudandenergetic.A.thatB.whoC.whomD./【解析】由句意“彼得喜欢声音大而且有力量的音乐”可知后句为定语从句。that用来指人或物，who用来指人，which用来指物。先行词为物，在句中作主语，且不可省略，用that。中考链接A【2011•株洲】Ginalovessingers______writetheirownmusic.A.whichB.whoC.hasworked【解析】本句意思为“吉娜喜欢自己写音乐的歌手”，后面writetheirownmusic做定语修饰singer，而which一般引导事物，who一般用于引导人，本题用于修饰singer是一个人，因此空格处的关系代词为who。B【2012广西玉林】—Nowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.—Soweshoulddosomething______canhelpstopsmoking.A.whatB.whoC./D.thatD【2012