英语同方语法汉译英讲座

1.分值：152.题量：53.4.虽然该部分以汉译英题形式出现，考时能够牢固掌握知识点，拿到汉 2.虚拟语气：Ifshould3.4.5.6.7.我们到达那里时又累又饿，andworstofallwecouldn’tfindanyfood.虽然没有明显的“当”。考生在翻译的时：累：betiredbe饿：be参考译文：Whenwearrivedwewereexhaustedandhungry.…assoonBoththecars一出发就抛锚结构：assoon：抛锚：break出发：set参考答案：Boththecarsbrokedownassoonastheysetout.…notNot特别注意：notuntil放在句首时，主句要itisnot事实上直到读了你的信thatIknewthetruestateofaffairs.应该是个强调句，itwasnotuntil…：事实上：in读了你的信：readyourletterheardfromyou;Infact,itwasnotuntilIheardfromyouthatIknewthetruestateofaffairs.ItwasnotuntilseveraldayslaterthatIrealizedIwastakeninbythatvendor.：cheatsb;fool ithasbeentenyears期待：tolookforward ngIamlookingforwardtoseeinghimagain,becauseithasbeentenyearssincewelastmet.……because…… officerwasremovedfromoffice因为他多次玩忽职守。结构：because…：玩忽职守neglectone’s多次:manyTheofficerwasremovedfromofficebecauseheneglectedhisdutymanytimes.：期待lookforward整整十年it’salreadybeenten见面:meetIamlookingforwardtoseeinghimagain,forit’salreadybeentenyearssincethedaywemet. IthinkitisnotdifficultIdon'tthinkitisdifficultfor插话：tocuttalkative;Idon'tthinkitisdifficultforhimtocutin,becauseallthechatterboxesarenot 的话，thespaceshipwillbelaunchedtomorrowmorning. ：:Ifweatherpermits,thespaceshipwillbelaunchedtomorrowmorning.如果你听从我的劝告，youwillprobably：听从listento;劝告:Ifyoufollowmyadvice,youwillprobablysucceed.ACTONONE’SIdon’twanttogo,butI’llgoiftheywishmeto.SolongAslong……aslong……solong只要照着我告诉你的做，everythingwillbefine.结构：“只要结构：aslongas……solong：照着as……acton……(高级用法AslongasyoudoasItoldyoueverythingwillbefine.SolongasyouactonwhatItoldyoueverythingwillbefine.只要这本书值得一读，I’lltryallmeanstogetit.结构：“只要结构：aslongas;solong：值得:be 参考答案：Aslongasthebookisworthreading，I’lltryallmeanstogetit.结构：“只要 结构：aslongas;solong：lose克 :e参考答案：Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoethe尽管天气不好，thefootballgamewentonandtheaudiencestayedthere,cheeringfortheirfavorite Though/Althoughtheweatherwasbad,thefootballgamewentonandtheaudiencestayedthere,cheeringfortheirfavorite 由nomatter…引导的让步状语nomatter可以和what,who,which,when,where,how连用，分别表示：“无写作：whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however（通常被使用nomatter与what,who,which,when,wherehow连用时，一定要有主不管谁犯了法willbeWhoeverbreaksthe结构：使用nomatterwho…还注意：willbepunished.不：犯法：breakbreachtheWhoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished. Nomatterhowlateitis,wemustfinishtheworkbeforewegohome.他全神贯注在工作上thathedidn’thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.：全神贯注beabsorbedin参考译文：HewassoabsorbedinhisPayattentionHepaidsomuchattentiontohisHeissofoolish竟然认敌为友：认敌为友regardenemiesasHeissofoolishthatheregardsenemiesasfriends. ：就……达成一致：agreeon:政策 Thecommitteewasunabletoagreeon ,soitdecidedtomeetagainnextmonth.......so Theheroesgavetheirlivessothatwemightliveahappylife.主句……（介词）关系代+从句……。主句……+关系副词从when:WhereWhy: 的问题ishowtoimprovethequalityofitsproducts. ： ：beconfrontedwith/befacedwith/face参考译文：Theproblemthefactoryfacesishowtoimprovethequalityofitsproducts.Theproblemthefactoryisconfrontedwithishowtoimprovethequalityofits：取得成就：make伟大:Weshouldstudyhard,becausethemanwhodoesnotstudyhardcan’tmakegreatachievement.Nowadaysmostcompaniesdon’tjudgeanemployeesimply根据其所受的教育.：根据：by;(注意：judge…by…固定用法受:Nowadaysmostcompaniesdon’tjudgeanemployeesimplybytheeducationhereceived.定语从句也可由“/+介which/whom”引出，表“所属关系”Hehasalotoffriends，manyofwhomareinterestedinfootball.（表示“整体—Hehasalargecollectionofbooks其中不少是英文定语从句结构。选择ofwhich：Hehasalargecollectionofbooks,manyofwhichareEnglishversions.Hehasalargecollectionofbooks,manyofthemareEnglishversions.as引导非限定性定语从句时，可 AsisAsisknowntoAsisoftentheAshasbeensaidStratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry–WilliamPracticemakesperfect正astheoldsaying Languageissomethingthatisnoteasytostudyandrequiresalotofeffort.作动词的宾语。Itishardtosaywhichnismorepractical.作介词的宾语。Wedonotagreewithwhathejustsaid.由thatThat:That请务必yougetintouchwiththefactorybeforeyougothereonbusiness. makesureBesureSeetoit 对那场事故负有责任。Itwasduotohiscarelessnessthatitall结构：Ithink：负有责任beresponsible事故:Ithink(that)thedriverwasresponsibleforthataccident.Itwasduotohiscarelessnessthatitallhappened.Whenhejustgotoffthe nehegaveusagooddescriptionofwhathehadseeninSpain.（宾语从句）做介词of的宾语。WhatGeologistscannotaccura ypredictwhenthelivevolcanowilleruptagain.（宾语从句Weareworriedaboutoursonbecausenooneisawareofwherehehasgone.（宾语从句做介词of的宾语。Where在从句中作地48.Therosemaygrowasalowbushorasatree,dependingonhowitistrimmed.（宾语从句）Noagreementwasreached关于该计划：关于：on;和agreement计划 n;执行carryoutNoagreementwasreachedonhowthenshouldbecarriedout.也可以使用how不定式toNoagreementwasreachedonhowtocarryoutthe Itwillbediscussedwhetherweshouldaccepthisofferornot.WewilldiscusswhetherweshouldaccepthisadviceatnextmeetingThat:How:Whether;if表示“是否”Who;whom:表示“谁”。Who在从句中作Whose表示“谁的”Whoever表示“不论是谁”What表示“事物”、“事情”Whatever表示“无论什么”Which:表示“哪一个”Whichever:“无论哪一个”When:Why:WhereThatsheisstillaliveissheer特别注意：That只起到连接作用，本身Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Thatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailureisquiteclear主语太长，头重脚首先用代词it代表Thatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure得到：itisquite然后将Thatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure放在句末得到：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.ItissaidItisreportedItisbelievedItisestimatedItissuggested结构：“据说的固定用法。（其实结构：itissaid：名作:ItissaidthatthepaintingisamasterpiecebyPicasso.Itis+adj+Itwasstrangethatsheleftwithoutsayinggood-bye. Itisquitenaturalthatwemakesomemistakesinaverycomplicatedpoliticalsituation.Itisverynicetohaveseen/metyou.itisverynicethatIhavemetyou!1.if引导的虚拟条件句。P37-38/1请严格 2.(should)+动词 形。P38/2必须掌握一定的词要不是交通堵塞的话，weshouldhavearrivedatthestationintime.结构：通过观察主句的shouldhave过：交通堵塞：trafficIfithadnotbeenforthetrafficjam,weshouldhavearrivedatthestationin5他要是在室内就不会觉得冷Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.6.我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看了。iamsorryiamverybusynow.Ifihadtime,iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswihyou.7如果我们不做充分的准备，会themeetingwouldn'thavebeensosuccessfulifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations.8如果明天下雪的话，我就呆在Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,ishould/wouldstayathome.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice/suggestion,youwouldnothavebeenintrouble. Butforyourhelptheywouldnothavefulfilledthetaskin结构：表示与过去事实相反！couldhave：犯错误make接受忠告takeadviceacceptWecouldhaveavoidedmakingsuchamistake,butwedidn’ttakehisadvice.ifonly......:要 IfonlyIhadworkedalittlebitmorebeforetheND-Dexam!(should)+动 1.表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”2.上述动词的名词所在的主语从句或表3.Itis形容词/参考译文：Weproposedthatsomechanges（should）bemadeinthe提议：proposetodongadvisesbtodosth.等等。如果p39翻译练习2.教授要求我们上 要求：demand上交：hand:reasearchtheprofessorrequiredthatwehandinourreasearchreport.Submit:3必须采取行动take itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffortshouldbemade.itisnecessarythatactionsshouldbetakenimmedia 4.这些孩子被 Itisabsoluyunfairthatthesechildrenbedeprivedoftherighttoreceiveeducation. p385wish的宾语从句中的虚 IwishshewereIfonlyshewereIwishyouwouldgowithusIwishshehadtakenmyadviceatthattime.p38itistime Itistimethatsomethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretakenaboutthetrafficprobleminthedowntownarea.1.表示：“必须”；（haveto互换2.表示：“一定”；（推测时使用，表示个特别注意：havetoIfheisnotattheoffice,就参考译文：Hemustbesomewhereelse,forIsawhimjustnow.表示现在时态肯定推测，用mustbe.Ourrefrigeratordoesn’tworkandwemusthaveitrepaired.两词都是'必须'的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人 had(常简略为'dbetter)是一固定词组，hadIfyouwanttopassyourexams你就得集中精力提高参考译文：You’dbetterconcentrateonimprovingyourlisteningcomprehension.此处的“集中精力”“把重翻译成concentrateonfocuson,payattentionto,emphasizeon. Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是GivenanotherhourIcanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时，我也能given为过去分词作状语，它的逻II被再给一个Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous从山顶看城seen为过去分词作状语，表“被 tolayoffsomeoftheworkers. ;和动词“面 ：面对：befacedwith财务问题：financial词结构应为：facedwith……参考答案：Facedwithseriousfinancial hadtolayoffsomeoftheworkers.结构：主语为：“他”;和动词“面对”是什 词结构应为：facedwith……：面对：befaced抑制：holdback情感:参考答案：Facedwithasituationsocomplicated,hetriedtoholdbackhisHave/has+been+ ： 做手术：operateonsb；performanoperationonsb；整个晚上：allt