跨文化交际实用教程胡超编著Unit5公开课一等奖市优质课赛课获奖课件

Unit5

NonverbalCommunication2Bodylanguage4Thedefinition1Timelanguage

2Spacelanguage

3Paralanguage5ObjectivesActoutthefollowingideas:Me?Stop.No.Comehere.I’mfull.It’ssmellyhere.Idon’tknow.Goaway.Ican’thearit.Iamsurprised.Weshareasecret.Everythingisfine.I’mwarningyou.Ifeelembarrassed.Icannotbelievethisnonsense.Oops,Iforgotit.Actoutthefollowingideas:TrueorFalseVerballanguagecouldalwaysbeexpressiveenoughtorevealwhatonethinks.Nonverballanguageonlyincludesone’sfacialexpressions,andotherbodymovements.Ifonebearsnoillwill,allhisbehaviorwillbeaccepted.TrueorFalseWedon’tneedtobecarefulwithourposeorgesturesinfrontofourfamiliarbusinesspartners.Sometimesitismoredifficultforpeopletoclearupthemisunderstandingcausedbyimproperusingofnon-verballanguages.Nonverbalcommunicationismoreaccurate,honestthanverbalcommunication.TrueorFalseItisrudepointingtosomeonewiththeindexfingerinmostcultures.Crossedarmssignalafriendlyposition.WhenridingaloneinataxiinAustralia,itisconsideredpolitetositinthefrontseatwiththedriver.InmanypartsoftheMiddleEastandAsiathelefthandisconsidereduncleananditisrudetoeat,greetandtouchotherswiththishand.CaseStudy1.Ishegentleman-like?Xiaomei,asummerstudentfromChina,isstudyingintheUniversityofNottingham.OnedaywhenshewasvisitingNewsteadAbbey,shecameacrossaBritishmanatanarrowstair.Thestairisverynarrowandonlyallowsonepersontogocomfortably.Iftwopersonswalkonitsimultaneously,theycannotavoidhustling.Xiaomeiwasatthefootstepandabouttogoupstairswhilethatmanwasabouttogodownstairs.Xiaomeisteppedonthestairafterthinkingtwice,andthemanstoodattheothersidewaitingforhertopass.Shewasimpressedbytheman’sgentility,andsaid“thankyou”whilepassinghim.Aftercomingbackfromthevisiting,shetoldthistoherBritishteacherasanimpressiveexperience.Buttohersurprise,herteacherjustsmiledandsaidnothing.Xiaomeiwasconfused,andthensherememberedthestrangeexpressiononthemanwhenshelookedup.Ishegentleman-likeornot?Discussion:WhydidthemanwaituntilXiaomeiwentupstairs?Doyouthinkthatmanjustwantedtobeagentleman?CaseStudy2.:Issmilingalwaystherightthing?

PeteristhegeneralmanagerofanAmericancompanyinChina.Recently,ChenJun,oneoftheChinesemanagersmadeamistakeatworkthatcauseddifficultiesthatrequiredaconsiderableefforttofix.ChenJunwasveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedandcametoPeter’sofficetomakeanapology.Withasmileonhisface,hesaid,“Peter,I’vebeenveryupsetaboutthetroubleI’vecausedtothecompany.I’mheretoapologizeformymistake.I’mterriblysorryaboutitandIwantyoutoknowthatitwillneverhappenagain.”HelookedatPeterwiththesmilehehadbeenwearingsincehewalkedintotheoffice.Peterfoundithardtoaccepttheapology.HelookedatChenJunandasked,“Areyousure?”ChenJungaveagoodyeswhilesmiling.Still,Peterdidn’taccepttheapologyandsaidangrily,“Youdon’tlooksorryatall.Ifyou’rereallysorry,howcouldyoustillsmile?”ChenJun’sfaceturnedquitered,standingtheredumbfounded.Discussion:1.WhydidChenJunwearasmilewhenhemadetheapology?2.DoyouthinkitreasonablethatPeterbecamesoangrywithChenJun?Whyorwhynot?3.Whatarethedifferentinterpretationsofasmilebythetwopeopleinvolvedinthissituation?CaseStudy3.Doestheinvitationsaythedinnerbeginsat7?HarryisaU.S.managerwhointendedtonegotiateacontractwithaMexicanfirm.OnhisfirsttriptoMexico,hewasinvitedtoadinnerpartybyhisMexicancounterpart.Sincetheinvitationindicatedthatcocktailswouldbeginat7p.m.,Harryarrivedpromptlyatthattime.Hishostseemedsosurprised,andnooneelsehadarrived.Harryfeltveryembarrassed.Peoplebeganarrivingabout8p.m.Harryknewhehadreadtheinvitationcorrectlybutfelthehadgottenoffabadstart.Discussion:Whywastherenoone,exceptHarry,whoarrivedontime?Whatdoyouthinkistheprobleminthiscase?WhatadvicewouldyouhavetogiveHarry?Case6GestureIssuesofSomeFamousFiguresWhatcanwelearnfromthiscase?Howabouta“V”withthebacktowardstheaudience?Is“OK”alwaysoktopeopleallovertheworld?1Theringgesture

It

means

zero.

234

It

means

money.

It’sasignalthatyouareinsultingpeople.InEnglish-speakingcountriesInFranceInBrazil

In

Japan/SouthKorea

Itmean“Ok”,“fine”or“yes”.Mr.CohenisanexpatriateteacherfromtheUnitedStatesteachinginauniversityinChina.Helikestoconducthisclassinaverycasualway.HeinvariablywearsjeansandaT-shirtandsitsontheteacher’sdeskwithhislegsstretchedoutandhistwofeetrestingontheedgeofthestudent’sdeskinfrontofhim.Oncetheseniorteacherresponsibleforteachingaffairsspoketohimabouthisveryinformalpostureinclassandtoldhimthatitwasnotacceptable,Mr.Cohenwasannoyedatthiscriticismashefeltthatbyactinginthiswayinclasshewouldhelpstudentstorelaxmoreandbereadytotalkmore.Discussion:1.AsanEnglishmajorstudent,whatdoyouthinkofthepostureadoptedbyMr.Coheninclass?2.WhatdoyouthinkofhisviewthatthiswouldencouragestudentstotalkmoreandprofitmorefromtheoralinteractionwithanativespeakerofEnglish?CaseStudy4.PostureintheclassroomWhatisnonverballanguage?NVCisaprocessinwhichcommunicatorsusethenaturalfeaturesoftheirbodiestodeliverinformationandexpressspecificmeaningtotheothercommunicator.Nonverbalcommunicationisthecommunicationwithoutwords.StudyAreas

ChronemicsProxemics

KinesicsParalanguageCharacteristicsThecharacteristicsofnonverbalcommunicationinvisibleomnipresentspontaneous

elusiveambiguousorcontextualReadthefollowingsituationsandtrytofigureoutsomebasicfunctionsofnonverbalcommunication.1.Whenwesay"Thenewlibraryissouthofthatbuilding",weusuallypointinacertaindirection.

Repetition2.Youtellsomeonethatyouarepleasedwithhisorherperformance,andatthesametimeyoupatthepersonontheshoulder.Accentuation3.Agroupofpeopleisboisterous,youmightplaceyourindexfingertoyourlipstosendthemessage:“pleasecalmdownsothatIcanspeak.”Substitution4.Justbeforeanimportantexamination,youtellsomeoneyouarerelaxedandatease,yetyourvoicequaversandyourhandsshake.5.Thepauseinaconversationmayindicateaturn-taking.ContradictionRegulationStatus“Thismeansofcommunicationissoimportantthatwemayactuallysaymorewithourmovementsthanwedowithwords.”

Morethan55%messagesarecommunicatednonverbally!Thesharednonverbalbehaviors

CryPuzzledHappyAngryHorrifiedSurprisedCulturalDifferencesinNVCHowtoshowdisapprovalor“NO”?InBulgaria,Greece,TurkeyandIran,swayingheadfromsidetosidemeans“yes”.Howtoshow“I’mfull.”?InAmericaWhat’swrongwiththisposter?ItwasthisposterthatmadethefilmbannedinThailand.Why?AvoidculturalassumptionsStudyAreasTimeLanguageSpaceLanguageBodyLanguageParalanguageTimeorientationTimesystemBodydistanceBodytouchFacialexpressions;eyebehaviorGesture;posture;stanceAppearancevolumespeedpausesilencePast-orientedculturesGreatBritain,China,Japan,Greece,France

ValuethepastandrespecttheelderlyPresent-orientedculturesFilipino;LatinAmericaBeimpulsiveandspontaneous;Enjoyacasual&relaxedlifestyleFuture-orientedcultureAmericaWelcomeinnovationandchanges;DonotrespecttheelderlyTimeOrientationTimeLanguageMonochronicTime(单一时间模式):

punctualityandpromptnessPolychronicTime(多元时间模式):Moreflexibleandhuman-centeredNorthernAmerican,WesternandNorthernEuropeanculturesLatinAmerican,African,ArabandmostAsianculturesMonochronicPeoplePolychronicPeopledoonethingatatimedomanythingssimultaneouslyconcentrateonajobarehighlydistractibleandsubjecttointerruptionsbeseriousabouttimecommitmentsconsideranobjectivetobeachieved,ifpossiblearelow-contextandneedinformationarehigh-contextandalreadyhaveinformationarecommittedtothejobarecommittedtopeopleandhumanrelationshipsadherereligiouslytoplanschangeplansoftenandeasilyareconcernedaboutnotdisturbingothers;followrulesofprivacyandconsiderationaremoreconcernedwiththosewhoarecloselyrelatedthanwithprivacyshowgreatrespectforprivateproperty;seldomborroworlendborrowandlendthingsoftenandeasilyemphasizepromptnessbasepromptnessontherelationshipareaccustomedtoshort-termrelationshipshavestrongtendencytobuildlifetimerelationships1.ThefocusofM-timepeopleisontheschedulewhileP-timepeopleonpeople.2.M-timepeopleplanthingsaheadandalwaysadheretoplanswhileP-timepeoplechangeplansfrequently.3.People’sunderstandingofpunctualityisdifferent,eventheyareofthesametimesystem.4.Viewaboutdurationofanactivityarealsodifferentbetweenoramongculture.TheRootsofDifferencesOrientalviewoftime:CyclicalShapeAccordingtotheobservationofnature,shiftofdaysandnights,shiftoffourseasons,peopleinOrientbelievethat

timewillberepeated.Therefore,theyseemtohaveplentyoftime,andconceptoftimeismoreflexible.年轮四季更替Occidentalviewoftime:AccordingtoHollyBible,Godcreatesthewholeworld,andtimebegins.Itisjustlikealinewhichisnon-reversible.Alltimeisnotimewhenitispast.Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.SpaceLanguageBodydistanceandbodytouchBodybubbles

InterpersonalrelationshipPersonalityIntrovertsExtroverts2-3m1.3-3m45-80cm0-45cmCultureandSpacekeepingCaseStudyBeforecomingbacktoworkinFrance,PierrehadlivedintheU.S.forsevenyears.HehadbecomeaccustomedtothesocialhabitsinNorthAmericaandisdissatisfiedwithsomebehaviorsinFrance,whichcausehimsomediscomfort.Forexample,onedaywhenhewaswaitinginaqueuetouseanATM,henoticedthatpeoplestayedveryclosetoeachother.Infact,thepersonbehindhimcouldevenseehimenteringthePINofATMcard.Tomakepeoplebeawareofthediscomfort,Pierredeliberatelykeptdistancefromthepersoninfrontofher.However,thepeoplebehindherpushedhertomoveforward.

Bodytouch

MiddleEast;ItalyFrance,GreeceTouchcultureEastAsians;BritainUnitedStatesNon-touchcultureCaseStudyRose,AnAmericangirl,cametoChinaasaforeignteacherinoneuniversity.YangMei,anotherwomanteacher,wasassignedbytheuniversitytomeetRoseattheairport.Outofhospitalityandwarm-heartedness,sheinvitedRosetoherhouseforadinnerafterhelpinghersettled.RosefeltilleverytimeYangMeitouchedherwhileYangMeifailedtonoticeit.Atthedinner,RosetriedtoescapefromsittingbyYangMei,butfailed.WhenYangMeifoundRosetrembling,shepattedRoseinordertocomforther,whichledtomoretremble.Atlast,thedinnerturnedouttobeadisasterforbothofthem.AfterhavingstayedinChinafortwomonths,RosedecidedtoquitthejobandreturnedtoAmerica.ItwasfromtheletterleftbyRoseYangMeiknewthereasons.RosethoughtYangMeiwashomosexualbecauseYangMeialwaystriedtouchingher.AndtheninherstayinChina,mostfemaleteachershadphysicalcontactwithherwhichshockedhertodeathbythinking“somanyhomosexualsinChina.”Shecouldnotbearit,soshechosetoquitthejobandChina.Chapter6

NonverbalInterculturalCommunicationSeating

IntheUnitedStates,theytendtotalkwiththoseoppositethemratherthanthoseseatedorstandbesidethem.TheChineseoftenexperienceuneasinesswhentheyfacesomeonedirectlyorsitonoppositesideofadeskortablefromsomeone.

SeatingArrangementsWhere

tosit?

ChoosetheseatanddescribewhyBodyLanguageBodylanguagestudiesthemeaningsofthemovementofallpartsofbodysuchasposture,stance,gestures,eyelanguage,facialexpressionsandappearance(clothing,hairstyle,cosmeticsandsmell)p102AcaseaboutPostureSlouchingpostureUS:comfortable,

friendlyArab/Thailand:thesoleshouldneverbepointedinthedirectionofanotherperson.Germany/Sweden/China:asignofrudenessandpoormannersWhereisit?

WaiEyeContact

TheArabs

VS

AmericansVS

theJapaneseP106

CaseStudy(P107)WhatisvaluedinAmericanculture?AndwhatisvaluedinPuertoRico?AccordingtoPuertoRicanculture,agoodgirldoesnotmeettheeyesofanadult.Suchbehaviorisasignofrespectandobedience.InAmerica,youareexpectedtomeetotherpeople’sgazeswhenyoucommunicate.Ifyoufailtodothis,youcanbeinterpretedasbeingdeceptive,weakordishonest.Clothing1.「人靠衣装马靠鞍。」

2.“Bythehuskyoumayjudgethenut.”ClothingExamples:1.dress=rank(socialstatus)

2.dress=occupationWhitetieLoungesuitDressinformalSmellAmedicaldoctorfromSaudiArabiawascompletinganinternshipinahospitalinthesouthernUnitedStates.ProblemsarosewhenthepatientsrefusedtohavetheSaudidoctorexaminethem.Aninterviewwithpatientsrevealsthathesmelledbadandhebreathedonthepatients.56SmellSaudiArabians:naturalodorisnormalAmericans:feeluncomfortablewithnaturalsmells57ParalanguageDefinition:P108voicemodulation/vocalizationThreekindsofvocalizations(发声):vocalcharacterizers(特征性语声):laughing，crying,yelling,moaning,whining,belching,yawningvocalqualifiers(限定性语声)：volume,pitch（音高）,rhythm(节奏),tempo（速度）,resonance（响度）,tone（音调）vocalsegregates(顿语):“un-huh”,“shh”,“uh”,“ooh”,“mmmh”,“humm”,etc.Silence;pauseParalanguage

Examples:BurpWesterncultures:rude.IndiaandsomeEasterncultures:satisfaction;appreciationParalanguage

Examples:LoudVolume(音量)Arabs:strengthandsincerityIsraelis:strongbeliefsGermans:

self-confidenceThais:beingimpoliteJapan:alackofself-controlAfricanAmericansarefarmoreemotional,intense,dynamicandenthusiasticintheiruseofvoicethanaremostwhiteAmericans.SilenceInterculturalimplicationsofsilence

「嫁给我好吗？」

美国：日本：伊布人(Igbo)：不拟定好啦！不原意(跑!)SilenceinDifferentCulturesChineseculture(high-contextculture)：

meaningsarenotexpressedexplicitly;manythingsareleftunsaidAmericanculture(low-contextculture):meaningsareexpressedclearlyItisagreedthatsilenceplaysamoreimportantroleinhigh-contextculture.

Casestudy:SilenceintheclassroomAnAmericanteacherinChinaoftenfeelsillateaseaboutthesilenceshownbytheChineseaudience,becauseinhis/herculturethemorequestionstheaudienceaskafteraspeech,th