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备战2023年高考英语全真模拟卷01(上海)
LListeningComprehensionSectionA(第1-10题,每题1分;第11-20题,每题1.5分;共25分)
Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach
conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken
onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper;
anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.(略)
1.A.Husbandandwife.B.Guestandhostess
C.Customerandwaitress.D.Bossandemployee.
2.A.WatchtheprogramonTV.B.CalltheTVstation.
C.MeetthemanatthecatexhibitionD.Lookfbrcatswiththeman.
3.A.Borrowthetypewriter.B.Visitthewoman.
C.Gohomesoon.D.Readthewoman'spaper.
4.A.Theman.B.Both.
C.Thewoman.D.Neither.
5.A.Thebookstherearetooexpensive.
B.Shewon'tbeabletogetthebookbeforeclass.
C.Thetextbooksheneedsisn*tinyet
D.Shehopestogetagooddealonsomesecond-handbooks.
6.A.Takethebustotheairport.
B.MeettheBrownsattheairport.
C.MakeaphonecalltotheBrowns.
D.AccompanytheBrownstotheairport
7.A.Thewomanwillhaveatest
B.Themanwillprobablygotothemovie.
C.Themanwillhavetositforanexam.
D.Thewomanwishesshecouldgotoclasswiththeman.
8.A.Theresultshaven'tcomeyet.
B.Theresultswerecheckedagainlastnight.
C.Thewomanneedsanothertesttomorrow.
D.Thedoctorhasn'tcomebackfromthelab.
9.A.Mostneighborsareasnoisyasthewoman.
B.Talkingtotheneighborspolitelymightbethebestway
C.He'dliketoknowwhythewomanisangry
D.Thewomanistoopoliteforherneighbors.
10.A.Heneedstobuyanotherumbrella.
B.Itwillrainmuchlaterintheweek.
C.Itwillprobablyraintomorrow.
D.Theweatherforecastersalmostneveragree.
SectionB
Directions:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbe
askedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestions
willbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecide
whichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.
Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
11.A.Theyusedtobeunabletolistentopublicdebates.
B.Theyweremorepatientandsociablethenpeoplenow.
C.Theylearnedfrompoliticalspeeches.
D.Theyusedtothinkintermsofaprintedtext.
12.A.Itmakespeoplegetideasfromimages,notfromwrittenwords.
B.Ithasmadethepubliclessinterestedinpolitics.
C.Thequalityoftelevisionprogramminghasdeclined.
D.PoliticalprogramsonTVaretoocomplex.
13.A.Theenvironmentaleffectsofconsumerism.
B.Howconsumerculturehasmadepeopleunreasonable.
C.Howtelevisionhasaffectedpeople'sthinkingability.
D.Television'sdamagetotheenvironment
Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
14.A.Somechildrenalreadyknowhowtodoit.
B.Somechildrenfinditmoreenjoyablethantheyexpectedto
C.Somechildrenrefusetotakepart.
D.Somechildrenprefertoswimorplaytable-tennis.
15.A.Theyseemgratefulfortheirexperiencehere.
B.Theycomplainiftheycannotphonetheirparents.
C.Theymissmealtimeswiththeirparents.
D.Theyoungestonesfindithardtobeawayfromhome.
16.A.Theyshouldvisittheirchildreninsteadofphoningthem
B.Theyshouldn'tallowtheirchildrentobringphonestocamp.
C.Theydon'tneedtokeeponphoningthecamp.
D.Theyneedtoberemindedtophonetheirchildren.
Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.
17.A.Fiveyears.B.ThreeyearsC.Fouryears.D.Sixyears
18.A.Thepersonwhohasthestrongwill.
B.Thepersonwhohasattendedtheadultschool.
C.Thepersonwhocanworkatcomputersquicklyafteratwo-daytraining.
D.Thepersonwhocanpassthetestofarithmetic.
19.A.Theman'seducation.
B.Anewchanceforeveryonetobepromoted.
C.Theman'spayraise.
D.Acareerpromotionfortheman.
20.A.Themaniseagertoattendthetraining.
B.Thepersonisnotveryinterestedinthischanceforpromotion.
C.Themanhasbeentrainingforcomputerworksincelastyear.
D.ThemanisnotconfidentinhischancetobepromotedtotheGrade7.
I.GrammarandVocabulary(每题1分;共20分)
SectionA
Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically
correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother
blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
(2023春•高三上海交大附中校考开学考试)
Architectshavelonghadthefeelingthattheplaceweliveincanaffectourthoughts,feelingandbehaviour.
Butnowscientists21(give)thisfeelinganempirical(实证的)basis.Theyarediscoveringhow
____22(design)spacesthatpromotecreativity,keeppeoplefocused,andleadtorelaxation.
Researchesshowaspectsofthephysicalenvironment23influencecreativity.In2012,Joan
Meyers-Levyreportedthattheheightofaroom'sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.Herresearchindicatesthat
higherceilingsencouragepeopletothinkmorefreely,24(lead)themtomakemoreabstractconnections.
Lowceilings,ontheotherhand,mayinspireamoredetailedoutlook.Besidesceilingheight,the
view25(afford)byabuildingmayinfluenceanoccupant'sabilitytoconcentrate.
26(Use)naturetoimprovefocusofattentionoughttopayoffacademically,anditseemsto,
accordingtoastudy.Studentsinclassroomswithunblockedviewsofatleast50feetoutsidethewindowhadhigher
scoresontestsofvocabulary,languageartsandmathsthanstudents27classroomsprimarilyoverlooked
roadsandparkinglots.
Recentstudyonroomlightingdesignsuggeststhatdimlighthelpspeopleloosenup.28thatistrue
generally,keepingthelightlowduringdinneroratpartiescouldincreaserelaxation.
Sofarpublicbuildings29(focus)onbyscientists.t4Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies,sowe
arealmostlookingattheproblemthroughastaw(吸管),“architectDavidsays."Howdoyoutakeanswerstovery
specificquestionsandmakebroaduseofthem?Thatis30weareallstrugglingwith.”
SectionB
Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note
thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
(2022秋•上海浦东高三校考期中)
A.stimulatingB.passionateC.capacityD.associatedE.deliberately
F.resoluteG.satisfyingH.sweatI.breedsJ.registersK.subjected
Findyourhappyplace:Howtooutsmart(智胜)stresslfyourealltoofamiliarwiththephysicalsenseofbeing
stressed,itmaybetimetomakesomechanges.Overtime,thiscannegativelyaffectyourbody,leadingtofatigue
andheadaches.Hereareafewwaysthatresearchsuggestscanhelpyoukeepcalmandcarryon.
Workupa___31___.
Whenwe'restressed,thepartofourbrainthat___32___fearlightsuplikeafireworksdisplay.Regular
exercisecanprovidea(n)33releasefbrfrustrationandothernegativefeelings.
Itmayreducestresshormones,anditcantrigger(激发)yourbodytoreleasefeel-goodchemicalsthatcanhelp
boostyourmood.
Bedecisive
Wefacedozensofchoiceseveryday,andeachoftheminvolvesourmental34andrequiresusto
makeadecision.Itturnsoutthatbeinggoodatmakingdecisionsmaybegoodforourhealtii.Researchshowsthat
decisivepeoplemayhavelowerlevelsofthestresshormonecortisol(皮质醇)thanpoordecision-makers.Wantto
bemore___35___?Simplifyyourdecisionsbyfocusingonfacts,soyouunderstandwhat'sreallyatstake.Reframe
problemsasopportunities
Bottlingupyourfeelings___36___anxiety.
Thenexttimeyou'resweatingsomething,pauseandaskyourself:Whatarethepositives?
HowcanIlookatthisasa(n)37____challengeratherthanaproblem?Changingthewayyoulodeata
situationcanhelpyourespondalessstressfulway.
Seeeveryglassasatleasthalffull
Areyouapessimist?.Chancesareyoucanchangeyouroutlookthroughyourexperiences.Thebeststrategyis
to38avoidotherpessimists,andsurroundyourselfwithoptimistswhosepositivevibesareinfectious.'Ifs
alsoimportanttofeelasifyouhaveapurposeeveryday-whetherthatcomesfromyourwork,familyandfriends
oranactivity.Havingsomethingthatyou're____39____about,andachievinggoals40withit,canhelp
manypeoplehaveamoreoptimisticoutlook.
II.ReadingComprehension(41-55题,每题1分;56-70题,每题2分;共45分)
SectionA
Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillin
eachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
(2022秋•上海•高三格致中学校考开学考试)
Somepersonalcharacteristicsplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofone'sintelligence.Butpeoplefail
torealizetheimportanceoftrainingthesefactorsinyoungpeople.
Theso-called'non-intelligencefactors?includeone'sfeelings,will,motivation,interestsandhabits.Aftera
30-yearstudy,Americanpsychologists_41—thatthemaincauseofdifferencesinintelligenceisnotintelligence
___42___,butnon-intelligencefactorsincludingthedesiretolearn,willpowerandself-confidence.
___43___peopleallknowthatoneshouldhavedefiniteobjectives,astrongwillandgoodlearninghabits,
quiteanumberofteachersandparentsdon'tpaymuchattentionto____44thesefactors.
Someparentsaregreatlyworriedwhentheirchildrenfailtodowellintheirstudies.Theyblameeithergenetic
factors,orlaziness,buttheynevertakeinto___45___thesenon-intelligencefactors.Atthesametime,some
teachersdon'tinquireintoreasonswhystudentsdo___46___.Theysimplygivethemmorecoursesandexercises,
or47criticizeorlaughatthem.Afterall,thesestudentsloseself-confidence.Someofthemjustfeel
defeatedand48themselvesupashopeless.Othersmaygoastray(堕落)becausetheyaresickoflearning.
Aninvestigationofmorethan1,000middleschoolstudentsinShanghaishowedthat46.5percentofthemwere
_49_oflearning,becauseofexaminations,36.4percentlackedpersistence,initiativeandconsciousnessand10.3
percentweresickoflearning.
Itisclearthatthelackofcultivationofnon-intelligencefactorshasbeenamain___50___tointelligence
developmentinteenagers.Itevencausesanimbalancebetweenphysiologicaland___51___developmentamonga
fewstudents.
Ifwedon'tstartnowto_52_thecultivationofnon-intelligencefactors,itwillnotonlyaffectthe
developmentofthe___53___ofteenagers,butalsoaffectthequalityofawholegeneration.Someexpertshaveput
forward_54_abouthowtocultivatestudents'non-intelligencefactors.Parentsandteachersshould
55understandteenagepsychology.Onthisbasis,theycanhelpthemtopursuetheobjectivesoflearning,
excitingtheirinterestsandtougheningtheirwillpower.
41.A.cameoutB.foundoutC.madeoutD.workedout
42.A.initselfB.byitselfC.itselfD.onitsown
43.A.ThoughB.NeverthelessC.HoweverD.Moreover
44.A.believingB.studyingC.cultivatingD.developing
45.A.effectB.commentC.considerationD.preparations
46.A.poorlyB,properlyC.successfullyD.dependently
47.A.everB.evenC.stillD.more
48.A.putB.getC.handleD.give
49.A.afraidB.aheadC.awareD.ashamed
50.A.difficultyB.questionC,threatD.obstacle
51.A.intelligentB,characteristicC.psychologicalD.physical
52.A.practiseB.regulateC.strengthenD.urge
53.A.intelligenceB.diligenceC.cultivationD.performance
54.A.projectsB.warningsC.suggestionsD.decision
55.A.fullyB.greatlyC.veryD.highly
SectionB
Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished
statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccording
totheinfonnationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
(2022秋•上海•高三上海市市西中学校考期中)
Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious“bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodem
societyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinsandneighbors,andsubstituted
intheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyof
researchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious“isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowa
smallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemost
part,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyour
neighborsyouwillknownooneelse.
Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,the
numberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-town
residentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydeveloping
friendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,
butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikelierto
displaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmaller
communities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.
Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarestrangerstoone
another,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutfor
youngtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity'spopulationsize
anditssocialheterogeneity(多样性).Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofa
communityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomore
likelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitan(见多识广的)outlook,todisplayless
responsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditional
religiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityand
unusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.
56.Accordingtoparagraph1,itwasonceacommonbeliefthatpeopleinmodernsociety.
A.tendedtoacquaintthemselveswithpeoplepassingby
B.usuallyhadmorefriendsthansmall-townresidents
C.boregreatresponsibilitiestoneighborsandrelatives
D.couldnotdevelopverycloserelationshipswithothers
57.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanismisthatthecityresidents.
A.lowerthequalityofrelationships
B.showlittleconcernforstrangers
C.sufferfromthelackoffriendship
D.becomesuspiciousofeachother
58.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis.
A.themorelikelyitistodisplaystress
B.themoreopen-mindedpeopleare
C.themoresimilaritsinterestsare
D.thebetteritsqualityoflifeis
59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Minordifferencesintheinterpersonalrelationsbetweencitiesandtowns
B.Thepositiverolethaturbanismhasbeenplayinginourmodernsociety
C.Advantagesanddisadvantagesoflivinginbigcitiesorsmalltowns
D.Thestrongfeelingofalienationthatcityinhabitantsaresuffering
(B)
(2022秋•上海•高三上海市敬业中学校考期中)
Timehasalwaysbeenofgreatinteresttoscientist...
Theory1:AccordingtoCaltechcosmo/ogisf(宇宙学家)DrSeanCarroll,theflowoftimefrom
pasttofuturemaybethesymptomofourUniversehavingemergedfromanotheruniversethat
existedbeforetheBigBangandthengavebirthtoourown.
Theory2:In1967,twoAmericantheoristscameupwithanequationdescribingthequantum
■
(量子)stateofthewholeUniverse.KnownastheWheeler-DeWittequation,itincludesmany
keyfeaturesoftheuniverse,suchasitssize.Butoneaspectisabsent:time.Sometheorists9
believethisimpliesthattimeonlyexistsinourminds.
Theory3:AccordingtotheoristProfLeeSmolinatthePerimeterInstitute,Canada,the()
existenceoflifeintheUniverseistheresultofthelawsofphysicsevolvingtotheircurrent
stateoveranunlimitednumberofpreviousuniverses.Iftrue,thismeansthatourveryexistence
isproofthattimedoesexist.
Theory4:In2009,physicistsattheuniversitiesofBristolandCambridgeshowedthatthe()
passingoftimerevealedby,say,thecoolingofacupoftea,maybeduetoquantumeffect
called'entanglement9.Thisinvolvestheparticles(粒子)intheteaminteractingwiththeirr1
surroundings,beingboundtogetherandbecominghardertodistinguishfromeachother-a■
one-wayprocessthatrequirestheforwardprogressionoftimetooccur.d
Theory5:Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforcethatdrivestheexpansionofthe
Universe,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowoftime.Lastyear,twocosmologistsat4名)
theYerevanPhysicsInstituteshowedthatdarkenergyleadstothegrowthofentropy,ameasure
ofdisorder,intheUniverse.
60.Allthefivetheoriesimplythat.
A.timeisflexibleB.timeisconstant
C.timedoesgoforthandbackD.timedoesexistinsomeway
61.Whichtheorydoesn'tincludetime?
A.Theory1.B.Theory2.
C.Theory3.D.Theory4.
62.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdarkenergy?
A.Itleadstotheexistenceofmulti-universities.
B.Itiswhatkeepstheuniverseinorder.
C.Itincreasesinstrengthwithgravity.
D.Itiswhatmakestheuniversegetbigger.
(C)
(2022秋•上海•高三上海市复兴高级中学校考期中)
Weareencounteringreal-worldexamplesofhowAIcanharmhumanrelations.Asdigitalassistantssuchas
AlexaorSiribecomepopular,wearebecomingaccustomedtotalkingtothemasthoughtheywerealive;writingin
thesepageslastyear,JudithShulevitzdescribedhowsomeofusarestartingtotreatthemasfriendsandtherapists.
ShulevitzherselfsayssheconfessesthingstoGoogleAssistantthatshewouldn'ttellherhusband.Ifwegrowmore
comfortabletalkingtoourdevicesaboutoursecrets,whathappenstoourhumanmamagesandfriendships?
Designersandprogrammerstypicallycreatedeviceswhoseresponsesmakeusfeelbetter-butmaynothelpusbe
self-reflectiveorthinkoverpainfultruths.AsAIgoesdeeperintoourlives,wemustfacethepossibilitythatitwill
preventouremotionsanddeephumanconnects.
Besides,wewillfightwithsomeotherchallenges.Theageofdriverlesscars,afterall,isuponus.These
vehiclespromisetosubstantiallyreducetheexhaustionanddistractionthatputhumandriversindanger,thus
preventingaccidents.Butwhatothereffectsmighttheyhaveonpeople?Drivingisaverymodernkindofsocial
interaction,requiringhighlevelsofcooperation.Iworrythatdriverlesscars,bytakingawayfromusanoccasionto
exercisethisability,couldcontributetoitsdecline.
Notonlywillthesevehiclesbeprogrammedtotakeoverdrivingdutiesandhencetoremovefromhumansthe
powertomakemoraljudgments(forexample,aboutwhichpedestriantohitwhenacrashisinevitable),theywill
alsoaffecthumanswithwhomthey'vehadnodirectcontact.Forinstance,driverswhohavesteeredawhile
alongsideanautonomousvehicletravelingatasteady,invariantspeedmightdrivelessattentively,thusincreasing
theirlikelihoodofaccidentsoncethey'vemovedtoapartofthehighwayoccupiedonlybyhumandrivers.
Alternatively,experiencemayrevealthatdrivingalongsideautonomousvehiclestravellinginperfectaccordance
withtrafficlawsactuallyimproveshumanperformance.
Eitherway,weshouldbecarefultolaunchnewformsofAIwithoutfirsttakingsuchsocialspillovers-or
externalities,asthey'reoftencalled-intoaccount.Wemustapplythesameeffortthatweapplytothehardware
andsoftwarethatmakeself-drivingcarspossibletomanagingAl'spotentialeffectsonthoseoutsidethecar.After
all,weinstallbrakelightsonthebackofyourcarnotjust,orevenprimarily,foryourbenefit,butforthesakeof
thepeoplebehindyou.
63.Whatcanbeinferredabouthumanrelationshipsfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Wewillfeelcomfortablespeakingtoothersonline.
B.AIwillleadtoshallowinter-personalrelationships.
C.AIwillenablepeopletocommunicatemorewithothers.
D.Wewillbemoreself-reflectiveininteractionthankstoAI.
64.Inparagraph2,thephrase“itsdecline,,referstothedeclinein.
A.drivers1interactionwiththecars
B.drivers9exhaustionanddistraction
C.ourabilitytocooperatewithotherswhiledriving
D.ourabilitytodealwithemergencieswhiledriving
65.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdriverlesscars?
A.Theymaybebetteratmakingmorejudgmentsthanhumandrivers.
B.Theyneedtovarytheirspeedtomakecontactwithhumandrivers.
C.Theymaymakehumandriversinothercarsdrivemoresafely.
D.Theyneedtoforcehumandriverstoconcentrateinthecar.
66.Whichofthefollowingisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith?
A.Brakelightsonthebackofourcarareinstalledmainlytowarnusofdanger.
B.Weshouldfigureouthownewtechnologyaffectspeoplebeforedevelopingit.
C.Itishardtosaywhysocialspilloverswillworkintermsofself-drivingcars.
D.Moreeffortshouldbemadetoadvancethehardwareandsoftwareofdriverlesscars.
SectionC
Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence
canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.
(2022秋•上海•高三南模中学校考期中)
Discoverhowtradeunionshaveshapedthewaypeoplework.
Ifyouaretravellingbytrainthissummeryoumayfindthisjourneyisaffectedbythenationalrailstrike.
67Thisyearlotsofworkersaretakingstrikeactionandaskingforbetterpay.Teachers,forexample,
arethinkingaboutwhethertogoonstrikeintheautumn.Strikesareusuallyorganizedbytradeunions.Readonto
findoutwhattradeunionsareandhowtheyhaveshapedthewaypeoplework.
Whatisatradeunion?
Itisanorganizationthatlooksaftertherightsofpeoplewhoworkinthesameindustry,doaspecificjobor
workatthesamecompany.TheNationalUnionofRail,MaritimeandTransportWorkers(RMT)represents80,000
transportworkers,andtheNationalEducationUnionhasmorethan460,000memberswhoworkinteaching.Trade
unionsgivetheirmembersastrong,groupvoiceandsupportwhendealingwiththecompaniestheyworkfor.
68.Therearetradeunionsforlotsofprofessionsincludingactors,doctors,farmers,journalists,nurses
andteachers.
Howdidtradeunionsstartandgrow?
Workershavebeenorganizingthemselvesintounionsforhundredsofyears.DuringtheIndustrialRevolution
(1760-1840),whenlotsofpeopleleftthecountrysidetoworkinfactoriesinharshconditions,workersbegan
pressingtheiremployersforbetterpayandsafetyrules.In1871,theTradeUnionAct,whichmadeitlegaltoform
tradeunions,waspassed.Sincethen,tradeunionshavemadeabigdifferencetothewaypeoplework,helpingto
setaminimumwage,makingitillegalforchildrentowork,andmakingsureworkerscanhaveholidays.
Howdotradeunionsachievetheiraims?
69Iftheycan'tagree,thenunionmemberscanvotetotakeaction,whichcouldincludegoingon
strike.AgroupofwomenwhomadecarseatcoversinDagenham,Esses,wentonstrikein1968becausetheywere
beingpaidlessthanmenfordoingasimilarjob.Itlastedfourweeksandthefactoryhadtostopmakingcars
becauseno-oneelsecouldmaketheseats.Eventually,thewomengotmoremoney.
Doeseveryoneagreewithstrikeaction?
No.Strikescanseriouslydisruptdailylife.Arailstrikestopspeoplegettingtoschoolandworkandateacher
strikecouldcloseschools.Thisyear'snationalrailstrikeisthebiggestintheUKfor30years,andthenextstrike
day(27July)isduejustbeforetheCommonwealthGamesstartsinBirmingham,England.TheGovernmentsays
thiswillharmtheeventbutMickLynchoftheRMTsaysthepublicsupportthestrike.70Greta
Thunberg'sSchoolStrikeforClimate,forexample,whensheprotestedeveryFridayinsteadofgoingtoschool,
grewintoaninternationalmovement.
A.Goingonstrikeshasbadlyaffectedthepeople'sdailylife.
B.Unionshelpmakesureworkersarepaidfairlyandworkinsafeconditions.
C.Thismeansmanytrainscouldbedelayedorcancelledasrailworkersgoonstrike.
D.IntheUK,unionstalktoemployerstoagreefairwagesandsafeworkingconditions.
E.Goingonstrikeispowerfulb
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