张学清语法定语从句

GrammarAttributiveClauses—定语从句安徽省太湖中学张学清1.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity___Iknow.A.itB.whereC.thatD.which2.YourteacherofChineseisayoung

lady____comesfromBeijing.

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose3.Isthereanythingelse___yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what4.What’sthenameoftheman____?

A.youborrowedhiscarB.whichcaryouborrowedC.whosecaryouborrowed

D.hiscaryouborrowed1，Whatisanattributiveclause?2，Whatisanantecedent（先行词）?3，Whatarerelativepronounsandrelativeadverbs?4，Whataretwotypesofattributiveclauses?5，Whatarethethreebasicstructuresorpositionsfortheattributiveclauses?Questions

在复合句中修饰或限定某一名词或代词的从句，称之为定语从句，也叫形容词性从句。被修饰或限定的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：定语从句关系代词：that，who,whomwhose,which关系副词：when,where，whyas分类：限制性及非限制性定从限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意义起限制作用，不可省。起补充说明作用，若省去，影响不大。翻译译在先行词前。可译成与主句并列的一个分句或其他从句。功能修饰限定先行词。即可修饰先行词也可修饰整个主句。关代及关副可用that代替人或物，作宾语时可省。不可用that引导，作宾语也不能省。形式其前无逗号。其前有逗号。Example:

1,Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A,thatB,whichC,whenD,where

2,Thefamousbasketballstar,_____triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A,whereB,whenC,whichD,who定语从句的位置定语从句一般放在被修饰成分（即先行词）之后。e.g.Thisis

thecar

thatheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.

Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?关系代词主语宾语表语定语指人指物thatwhowhomwhichaswhose关系代词

that指人或物，在定语从句中做主语，宾语和表语,作宾语时可以省略。ThehousethatI’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.

They’retalkingaboutthefilm(that)I’veseen.who

指人，在从句中可做主语，宾语和表语。作宾语时可省略。Thepeoplewho

calledyesterdaywantedtobuythehouse.Thecouplesentusacard.Wemetthecoupleonholiday.Thecouple(who)

wemetonholidaysentusacard.whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman

(whom)

wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.

Thegirl

(whom)Icalledjustnow

isfromAmerica.

which

指物,在句中作主语，宾语,表语和定语。

作宾语时可以省略。

e.g.I’mnotinterestedinthebook

which

hasjustbeenpublished.Ihavereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.

Ihavereadthenewspaper

whichcarries

theimportantnews.as常用于一些固定的结构之中：“such…as”“thesame…as”“as/so…as”.

eg1,ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.eg2,Inthecity,IsawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamtof.eg3,Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.

eg4,ThisisthesametoolasIusedlasttime.

eg5,ThisisthesametoolthatIusedlasttime.(请比较第4和第5例）同一类型同一个

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whose

指人或物，在从句中作定语。Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport.

Thegirlwhosefather

hadgivenusareportgotfirst.eg.That’sthemanwhosehousewas

burneddown.thehouseof___whomthefatherof_____whom注意以下情况：当定语表示非所属关系，而是指代所提到的或其中一部分，用which.

1,Itoldhimtogotoadoctor,_____advicehetook.

2,Markwasastudentattheuniversityfrom1999to2003,______hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeachairmanoftheStudents’Union.AduringwhichtimeBforwhichtimeCduringwhosetimeDbythattimewhichA一、1、Doyouhaveanything__youwanttosayforyourself?2、Thisistheverybook__I’mlookingfor.3、Thisisthebest__hasbeenusedagainstpollution.4、WhatisthefirstAmericanfilm__youhaveseen?5、Iknowthethingsandpersons__hereferredto.6、Whichisthebike__youlost?7、Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthings__couldcausepollution先行词指物时只用that的情况1.当先行词是不定代词allmuch.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.theone时

(注意：something后用that或which都可以)2.当先行词前面有only.any.few.little.no.all.very等词修饰时3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时5.当先行词既有人又有物时6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which

Thereissomethingthat/whichkeepsworryingme.注意事项二，先行词指物时，只用which的情况1,引导非限制性定从。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsontoothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A,whoB,thatC,whatD,which2,关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词+which”的结构。Theschools’themselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulintheirjobs___theyarebeingtrained.A,inthatB,forthatC,inwhichD,forwhich定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语，表语，定语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。

解题技巧1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that

5.Isoxygentheonlygas__helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose____intheforest.A.oncethegrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,

____

was