初中语法之虚拟语气

精品文档精品文档。PAGE。PAGE1欢迎下载初中英语语法中考精品总复习教案—虚拟语气事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表：条件从句条件从句主句shall/will+动词原形句型一般现在时祈使句情态动词一般现在时例如：Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin. 如果他来，会带小提琴的。典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit .willrain B.rains Crained D.is答案。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：在真实条件句中，主句不能用 begoingto 表示将来，该用shall,will.（错）Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.（对）Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用 shall （will ）+动词原形，而直接用般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句推移。与现在事实相反的假设条件从句 主句（bewere）

should（would）等+动词原形例如：Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou. 如果他们在这儿，帮助你的。含义：Theyet,theycan tpyou.与过去事实相反的假设条件从句 主句过去完成时 should（would）等+have+过去分词例如：If hehadcomeyesterday, Ishould/wouldhavetold himaboutit. 如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday, soIdidnottell himaboutit.

表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假条件从句 主句一般过去时were+不定式should+

should/would 等+ 动词原形例如：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright. 如果你来成功了，一切都会好的。Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含义：Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.混合条件句有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间， 主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow. 果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。 ）If it hadrained last night（过去）,it wouldbeverycoldtoday （在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should, 或had时, 可省略if再把should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus. 他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。Hadyoucomeearlier, youwouldhavemethim.=If youhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim. 你来得早一点，就碰到他了。Should it rain, thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereit torain, thewouldbesaved. 假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim. 如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright. 切都会好的。典型例题 todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.IfwereI B.Iwere C.WereI D.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had 这三个词，通常将if 略，主语提前, 变成were, should, had主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo, 而不能说Weren'tItodo 。特殊的虚拟语气词在主语从句中的应用可用的词有三类suggested,ordered,required,proposed,Itdemanded,requested,insisted等isthatimportant,necessary,natural,imperative,（可用的词有三类suggested,ordered,required,proposed,Itdemanded,requested,insisted等isthatimportant,necessary,natural,imperative,（should）dostrange 等apity,ashame,nowonder等在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+ （should）do等例如：Isuggestthatwe （should）holdameetingnextweek. 周召开个会议。He insisted that he（should ）besentthere.他要求被派到那儿去。注意：如suggest,insist 不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。判断改错： （错）Youpalefacesuggeststhat ）beill.（对）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.（错）Iinsistedthatyou （should）bewrong.（对）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用suggestion,proposal,idea,planorderadvice 同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：Myasthat （shouldtmoreetodtheconference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。Imakeaproposalthatwe （should）holdameetingnextweek. 了个建议，下周我们开个会。wish 的用法wish望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：从句动作先于主句动词（bewere）从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had+过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望

主句 从句现在时 过去时过去时 过去完成时将来时 would/could+ 动词原形例如：IwishIwereastallasyou. 我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。wishtodo ；wishsb/sthtodo 。例如：Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager. 见经理。Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce. （=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce. ）我希望经理能马上得到消息。比较ifonly 与onlyifonlyif 表示"只有"；ifonly 则表示"如果⋯⋯就好了"。Ifonly 也可于陈述语气。例如：Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung. 当时闹钟响就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly. 但愿他早点回来。Itis （high）timethatItis （high）timethat 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用 should动词原形，但should不可省略。例如：Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed. 孩子们该睡觉了。Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.need"不必做和"didn'tneedtodo表示过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。needn'thavedoneJohnwenttothe表示过去不必做某事station with thecar,to但事实上做了。例如：meetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 （Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John典型例题Therewasplentyoftime.She .mustn'thavehurried B.couldn'thavehurried C.musthurry D.needn'thavehurried答案。needn'thavedone. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实上不必要。Mustn'thavedone 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn'thavedone," 不可能已经"。mustnotdo 不可以（用于一般在时。虚拟语气专练 enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I from which it was made.

the bookhave readB. had read C. should have read D. are dingYou are late. If you him.

a few minutes earlier youcome ,would meet B. had come, would have metC. come, will meet D. had come, would meetThe two students talked as if they friends foryears. A. should be B. would be C. been D. had beenIt is important that I with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. speakHe looked as if he ill for a long time.A. was B. were C. has been D. had beenIf the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not .have laid there for two hourshave been lied there for two hourshave lied there for two hourshave lain there for two hours7.I wish that I with you last night.A. went B. could g