自然拼读法基本规则

自然拼读法基本规则：二十六个字母的读音(LetterSounds).五个元音字母(a,e,i,o,u),每个发两种音：长音(其字母音)和短音y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音单元音单词拼读(Consonant-Vowel-ConsonantCombinations)如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音，且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音.如：Sam,cat,mat,等等.BeginningConsonantsEndingConsonantsOneVowelWord,ShortVowelSounds双元音单词拼读(TwoVowelWords):一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，一般来说，前边一个元音发长音(其字母音)，后边一个元音不发音.如:make,mail,may,hay,say,see,sea,meet,meat,key,five,nine,tie,road,coat,toe,cute等等等.双/三辅音在一起时的联读(ConsonantBlends)Beginningconsonantblends(bl,br,cl,cr,dr,fl,fr,gl,fr,pl,pr,sc,sk,sl,sm,sn,sp,st,sw,tr,tw,scr,spl,str)Endingconsonantblends(ft,lf,lm,lp,lt,mp,nd,nk,nt,pt,sk,st)Wordsendinginll,ss,ffConsonantdigraphs(ch,th,sh,wh)特殊读法⑴-带元音的特殊读法(IrregularVowels)igh,ing,ind,ild,ar,or,oi,oy,alt,alk,ost,old,er,ir,ur,ew,sion,tion,eigh,all,ow,ow,ou,ay,ous,ed,ed(t),ed(d),aw,au,oo,oo以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。Examples:ar(car,far),air(hair),are(hare),au,augh(caught),aw(hawk)al,all(all,tall,mall,hall),alk(talk,walk),alt(halt,salt),ay(may,play)ew(new,few),eigh(eight,weight),ed:says/ed/:patted,landed,liftedsays/t/:walked,hopped,stoppedsays/d/:cried,played,cheweder(sister,brother),ir(girl,fir,firm),ur(burn,hurt)ie(field),ing(king,sing,dancing),ind(find,kind,behind),ild(mild,wild,child),igh(high,night,light),ireoi(oil,boil),oy(boy,toy),old(old,cold),ost(most,host),olt,oo(book),oo(tool,school),or(or,for,horn),ow(读音一：cow,now,how,bow；读音二：bow,low,blow,snow),ou(shout,out,loud)ould(could,would),ough(五种不同的读音：cough,through,ought,slough,plough),ought,,ous(famous,nervous),ue(cruel),ui(fluid)tion(attention,fiction),sion(passion,expression),endingsounds:ang,ong,ung,edge,le特殊读法(2)如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音，而且元音在末尾，这个元音一般发长音(其字母音)(Vowelattheend).如：me,hi,go,baby,table,humor,hibernate等等。Y在末尾(作为元音处理)(yattheend)：单音节词，没有其他元音，y发”l”(onesyllableword,yattheend(pronouncedas“I”)):my,why,fly,sky多音节词,y发”E”的音(twoormoresyllables,yattheend(pronouncedas“E”)):daddy,mommy,baby,honey,crazy特殊读法⑶-固定读音的单词⑸ghtWord):is,are,the,a,to,here,hey,have,son,love,come,give,field等.它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背。特殊读法⑷-辅音的特殊读法有一些辅音不发音(silentconsonants).Silentb:comb,lambSilenth:ghostSilentk:knife,knock,knob,know...Silentw:write,wrist,wreck...和在一起时，发一个音:quick,black等.总是和在一起：quite,quick,quit,quilt等.之所以指出这一点，是在这里u不能再被认为是元音，而是和q—起组成一个辅音组合.于是，在quite这个单词里只有两个元音，是双元音单词，第一个元音i发字母音，第二个元音e不发音.和在一起，发/f/的音:phone,photo.复数s及末尾s的读音(Pluralsandthesoundsofendings)c和g的两种读音：如果i(或y)或者e跟在c或者g的后边,c发/s/,g发/j/的音:center,cigar,nice,mice,gem,giant,gym,page.其他情况下,c发/k/,g发/g/:can,clap,cup,great,glad,got,goat,log.特殊情况：get,give多音节单词和复合词(Wordswithmultiplesyllablesandcompoundwords)多音节单词：believe,multiple,syllable,compound复合词:homework,highway,sidewalk,inside,outside自然发音二十八条拼读规则字母q总是与u在一起，读做/kw/,此处u不作元音.字母c在字母e,y,i前读做/s/(cent,city,cycle),其他字母前读做/k/(cut,cap,cop).字母e,i,y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page,giant,gym),其中字母e,i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get,girl,give);其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate,go,gust).元音a,e,o,u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a,e,o,u),有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(report^ratherthanreport).字母i和y经常读做/i/(big,gym),但是也可读做l(silent,my,type).一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my,by).有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me,she,和he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e,较长的单词末尾的e不发音)尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”havingajob”(承担一项工作)bakegenetime/typecodecute使他前面的元音字母发字母音..lovegivebluetrue使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.chancebodicechargeallege使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.littlecastlebottledabblefiddle避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.arenurseraisebyeeweowecause这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e;Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e,并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens,purse不是purs,false不是fals).加长短的主意词(main-idea),如awe,ewe,rye区分同音异形词的含义.如or/orefor/fore.中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的,现在不发音.如treatisegiraffe有五种字母组合发/er/的音/,记住下面的句子.Hernursefirstworksearly.这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音.还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar,doctor.1-1-1规则:单音节单词中,结尾是单元音加单个辅音的,在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时,需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hophopped).但是词尾是x除外，因为它由两个音/ks/.2-1-1规则:双音节词中,结尾是单元音加单个辅音的,在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时,需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(beginbegin+ning).第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(enter,profit,budget).去e规则，以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e.(comecoming)是ie还是ei?一般情况下,应该是ie,但是1)c之后用ei;2)发字母a的音时,用ei(neighbor,weigh,vein).还有下面的例外情形Neitherforeignsovereignseizedcounterfeitforfeitedleisure.Plus:eitherweirdproteinheifer:音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she,dish),还用在一个音节的结尾(finish)，但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头，除非是以ship结尾(worship,friendship).音素si,ti,ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头，发音/sh/.常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如infecttoinfectious/collecttocollection/potenttopotentialmusictomusician/spacetospacious/financetofinancialsoci(companion)tosocial/ancien(old)toancientcruc(cross)tocrucial/speci(kind)tospecial音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(session)发/sh/,—个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tensetension),其中的音素si发/sh/.discusstodiscussion/compresstocompression/admistoadmission音素si可以发/zh/,如vision,division,occasion,explosion.只有一个元音的单音节词，常常双写词尾的l,s,f.比如will,off,miss.有时双音节词也用到这条规则,如recess词尾为长音a时，常用ay在词尾而不是a.(bay,day,decay)元音i和o后面有两个辅音时，常发长音.(find,old)s从不在x后，音素x包含一个/s/音,/ks/.去L规则1:all单独出现有两个I,但在前缀中只有一个l.(almost,also,although).去L规则2:till和full单独出现有两个l,作后缀只有一个l.(until,plentiful).音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge,edge,bridge,lodge,budge).Y变丨规则：进行词尾变化时，词尾是一个辅音字母+y,要变y为i.下列两种情况驻外⑴加-ing,(2)变后会引起音节分裂.city/citiesbeauty/beautifulplay/playerfunny/funniestmultiply/multiplyingrely/reliablecry/crieddeny/denied音素ck只用在单元音后，而且这个元音发短音(back,neck,lick,rock,duck).字母开头的z永远发/z/,不会发/s/.音素ed有三个音，基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾,ed发/ed/(dividedivided,heatheated);基本词以浊辅音结尾的,ed发/d/(lived),以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如mathematic)],重读音节的辅音才发音，非重读音节的辅音不发音little.自然拼音拼读练习表第一天：aeioua_ee_ei_eo_eu_eAa:matmapbagcathatfanbatappleEe:eggwellredpennethenbedbellIi:licksixbibpigpinkissinkhillOo:oxonoctopusboxsockoperateostrichUu:sunumbrellacupbusnutgununcleundercapenametapelakegamemaketakehatetheseJapaneseChinesebitefiveninekitemineniceridesiderosenoseropenoteposehomerodethosetubecubeJunecutehuge弟一大:aiayeeeaeyieighoaowuiueai:tailrainpaintpainjailrailnailmaiday:bayraywaysayhaypayMaylayee:reedseelbeepeeljeepfeetseeteethea:seameatpeanuteaglepeachtealeafpeaey:donkeymonkeyjockeyturkeymonkeyhockeykeytrolleyie:tiepieliedieigh:rightsightnighttighthightfighthighsighoa:roadtoasttoadcoalgoatboatcoatsoapow:rainbowpillowyellowwindowbowlrowhollowlowui:suitjuicefruitue:Suebluegluetrue第三天:arerirurorar:armcararmchaircardcartfarmparkgardener:sisterbrotherunderroosterwintermermaidmarkermotherir:birthdaycircusdirtybirdcircledirtgirlur:turtlesurfingturkeyfurhurtpursenurseor:porchporkhorsehornfortmorningcornfork第四天:ouowoioyauawooooeaou:houseoutmouthcountfountainmountainshoutmouseow:cowtowelclownowlcrownbrownflowertoweroi:coinoilpointnoiseboilsoilpoisoncoiloy:oysterboycowboysoytoyau:augustsausesausagenaughtyautumnapplauseaw:pawdrawsawstrawstrawberrylawnoo:moonzooroofroosterbootsfoodspoonroomcoolfoolboomfoolishoo:bookcookgoodfootlookhookea:headsweatersweatpearleadbearleatherfeather第五天:chshwhphththknwrmbch:beachlunchcheesebenchchurchchickenchaircherrysh:sheepshirtshipfishdishpushshoesshovelwh:whalewhitewheelwheatwhipwhistlewheelchairwhisperph:photoelephanttelephonetrophypharmacyalphabetth:brotherfeatherleatherfathermotherth:thumbthreebathmatthirstythiefbathmouthteethkn:knobkneeknifeknockknitwr:wristwrinklewrapwreathwritemb:thumblambbombcombcrumbnumb第六天:blflplclglbrcrgrprfrtrdrbl:blueblackblousebloombleachblanketblondehairfl:flatfluflyflameflutefloorflagflowerpl:planeplayplusplanetplatformplumplateplantcl:clockcloudcleanclayclimbcloseclapclowngl:gloveglobeglassglueglassesgliderbr:brightbrookbrimbridebrownbreadbrickbrothercr:crowncrabcreamcrowcrayoncrocodilecrycroissantgr:graygreengrassgrapesgroundgrowgrandmapr:prixepriceprawnpressprinceprincessprayfr:frogfrostFridayFrenchfriesfruitfrontfriendframetr:tractortrucktraintraytreetriangletrunktrolleydr:dreamdrumdrydropdrawdrivedressdrink第七天:smsnslswspstscskallewysm:smilesmallsmellsmokesmoothsn:snowmansnowsnoresnakesnailsneakerssneakerssnacksl:slowslapsleepslideslopesledsw:switchswallowswanswimsweetswingsweatersweatsp:spiderspaceshipspinachspoonspellst:stockingsstorestarstampstormstickstudentstandsc:scarfscooterscannerscarecrowscalescorpionscoopsk:skunkskisskirtskatesall:calltallfallballwallew:dewfewviewhewnewnephewnewspaperYy:skyflydryspytypeshycrymyYy:Minysunnypuppydizzydirtyponyhappybaby自然拼音强化练习：TonguetwisterAbigblackbearsatonabigblackbug.Abigblackbugbitabigblackdogonhisbigblacknose!Cat,Cat,catchthatfatrat.Afatcatca