高中英语 unit3 section2《learning about language》练习 新人教版选修8

Unit3SectionⅡⅠ．用本单元所学单词填空1．The________(严寒的)weatherchilledmetothebone．2．The________(蔬菜水果商)triedtosellmywifesomeoverripefruit．3．Iusedmydriver'slicenseasi________．4．Icanfindhistelephonenumberinthetelephoned________．5．Putinthemoneybefored________．6．Thecropsweredrownedbytheheavyr________．7．Theyhaveimprisonedan________(清白的，无辜的)man．8．The15thofthefirstmonthinthelunarcalendarintheL________Festival．9．She________(忍受)painwithgreatcourage．10．Icannotbearthetrafficj________．答案：1．freezing2．greengrocer3．identification4．directory5．dialing6．rainfall7．innocent8．Lantern9．bears10．jamⅡ．完成句子1．由我带大的她的女儿现在已经开始工作了。Herdaughter________________________________hasbeguntoworknow．2．那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了。The________________sooncalmeddown．3．他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。He________________________________________atthemeeting．4．屋外景色迷人，白雪覆盖着大地。Theoutsidesightlooksbeautiful________________________________________．5．他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。Theyaregoingto________________________________________white．6．汤姆听起来对这份工作非常感兴趣，但是我不确定是否他能做好。Tom________________________________thejob，butI'mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit．答案：1．broughtupbyme2．inspiredsoldier3．won'tlikesuchquestionsdiscussed4．witheverythingcoveredwithsnow5．havetheentrancehallpainted6．soundsveryinterestedinⅢ．用恰当词语或形式填空1．—Howlonghaveyoubeenstudyinginthisseniorhighschool？—Lessthantwoyearsandahalf．—Soitwillbehalfayear________yougraduatefromthisschool．答案：before考查before的用法。句意：——你在这所高中学习有多长时间了？——不到两年半。——那么半年后你才高中毕业。It＋be＋时间段＋before句型表示“……之后才……”。根据句意和此句型，填before。2．ThePresidenthasto________theblame．答案：bear考查动词词义。句意：总统难辞其咎。beartheblame“受责备”。3．Hestillhadnotthecourageto________(靠近)her．答案：approach4．I________with(产生共鸣)theheroineofthenovel．答案：identified考查动词在具体语境中的使用。句意：我与小说中的那个女主人公感同身受。identifywithsb．“与……产生共鸣”。5．Whatdoyouthinkoftheparty________(hold)lastweek？答案：held考查非谓语作定语的用法。句意：你认为上周举行的晚会怎么样？分析句子成分可知，横线处作定语，又因为theparty与hold之间为被动关系，且表完成，所以填held。6．Generallyspeaking，pricesofdailygoods________(buy)throughtheInternetarelowerthanstoreprices．答案：bought考查非谓语动词。句意：总的来说，从网上购买的日常用品的价格要低于从商店购买的价格。buy和其逻辑主语goods是动宾关系，所以应该用过去分词表被动。7．Children________(expose)todifficultsituationsarebetterathandlingthose________(challenge)tasks．答案：exposed；challenging考查分词作定语的用法。expose．．．to意思是：让……接触……。children与expose之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语，表被动；第二空后的tasks是表示物的名词，所以用challenging，意思为“富有挑战的”。8．Mostcompanies'marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers，withlittleattention________(pay)tokeepingthem．答案：paid考查非谓语动词。句意：大部分公司的营销工作以赢得顾客为中心，而很少注意留住他们。本句的后半句是介词with的复合结构，attention和pay之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。9．Theywillhaveyou________(arrest)ifyoudon'tpaytaxes，becauseitiseveryone'sdutytopaytaxes．答案：arrested考查非谓语动词的用法。havesb．done中，过去分词表被动，表示“某人被……”。这里是被捕，所以填arrested。10．Inoticedmylittleson________(read)thewords________(write)onhissmallblackboard．答案：read；written考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我注意到我的小儿子在读写小黑板上的单词。noticesb．dosth．“看见某人做某事”；words和write之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词作定语，修饰words。Ⅳ．阅读理解AOntariochildrenaresupposedtoget20minutesofexerciseatschooleverydaytoboosttheirheartratesandimprovefitness．Butanewstudysuggestsschoolsarefallingshortoftherequirement，despiterisinghealthconcernsoverkidswhoarefatterandmoreinactivethaneverbefore．UniversityofTorontoresearcherstrackedalmost900studentsin16Torontoelementaryschoolsandfoundthatfewerthanhalfweregettingthedailyphysicalactivity(DPA)eachday．Nooneofthestudents，ages10through12，gotafull20minutesofsustainedexercise．“Theresultsshowthatthemajorityofschoolsarenotmeetingtherequiredfrequency(fivedays)orintensity(atleast20minutes)oftheDPApolicy，”theresearchersconcluded．Theresearchsuggeststhepracticecanmakeadifference．Kidswhodidgettherequireddailyexerciseweremoreactivethantheirpeers．Thosewhohadatleastonebout(场)ofvigorousactivitywerealsomorelikelytomeettheexerciseguidelinesforkidsandwerelesslikelytobeoverweight．Thefindingslikelywon'tcomeasasurprisetomanyeducators．Lastmonththeannualsurveybytheresearchreportedthatmanyschoolsdescribedthedailyexerciseas“alowpriority”inanalreadypackedschoolday．Schoolprincipalssurveyedsaidtheystruggledtodeliveritbecauseofinsufficientequipment，space，teachertrainingandcommitment．TorontoteacherKarynAwreymakesitaprioritybecauseshesaysthetrade­offsareworthitforherGrade3studentsatSwanseaPublicSchool．Theyarebetterabletofocusandlearnwhentheygetregularexercise．Awreysaysshe'sluckybecausekidsatherschoolgetexercisetwiceaweekfromagymteacherandswimmingonceaweekinthenearbycommunitycenter．Ontheotherdays，shegetsthemhuffing_and_puffingoutside，intheclassroomorinthegymatfitnessstations．文章大意：一项调查的结果显示，大多数在校学生每周锻炼的时间不足五天，每天连续锻炼的时间不到二十分钟，这对学生的健康十分不利。专家认为，适当的锻炼是必要的。1．AccordingtotheDPApolicy，thestudents________．A．mayhavemanyhealthproblemsB．shouldgetenoughdailyexerciseC．havetogotoschooleverydayD．mustexerciselessthan20minutes答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可以推知，DPA的政策要求学生每天应该进行足够的锻炼。2．ThestudentsatSwanseaPublicSchool________．A．havebenefitedalotfromregularexerciseB．areforcedtodomoreexerciseeverydayC．needn'tworkhardattheirlessonsatallD．havetherighttodowhatevertheylike答案：A推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句可以推知，这所学校的学生经常进行身体锻炼后受益良多。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“huffingandpuffing”inthelastparagraphprobablymean？A．Learningfromeachother．B．Joininginallkindsofactivities．C．Shoutingandlaughingalot．D．Performingataskincooperation．答案：B词义猜测题。根据最后一段首句可知，Awrey的学生会参加一些锻炼身体的活动，故画线短语的意思应该是“参加活动”。BHowfitareyourteeth？Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem？Neverfear：Aninventorisonthecase．Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush，anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone．TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek．ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneoriPhoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection．Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushright(don'tforgettheinsidesoftheteeth！)andmakesureyou'rebrushinglongenough．“It'skindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday­to­daybasis，”saysThomasServal，theFrenchinventor．Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphone，sodeveloperscould，forinstance，createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush．Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyourteeth．“Wetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofun，”Servalsays．Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather．Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth．Theysaid“yes，”butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry．Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed．ThecompanysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummer，for$99to$199，dependingonfeatures．TheU．S．isthefirsttargetmarket．Servalsaysthatoneday，it'llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera．Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush．文章大意：本文主要讲述了一种新式牙刷及其多种功能。4．WhichisoneofthefeaturesoftheKolibreetoothbrush？A．Itcansensehowusersbrushtheirteeth．B．Itcantrackusers'schoolperformance．C．Itcandetectusers'fearofseeingadentist．D．Itcanhelpusersfindtheirphones．答案：A细节理解题。由第一段的第四句话可知，牙刷检测刷牙的时间和好坏。故选A项。5．WhatcanwelearnfromServal'swordsinParagraph3？A．Youwillfinditenjoyabletoseeadentist．B．Youshouldseeyourdentistonaday­to­daybasis．C．YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifguidedbyadentist．D．You'dlikeadentisttowatchyoubrushyourteetheveryday．答案：C推理判断题。根据第三段的It'skindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday­to­daybasis可知答案。6．WhichofthefollowingmightmaketheKolibreetoothbrushfun？A．Itcanbeusedtoupdatemobilephones．B．Itcanbeusedtoplaymobilephonegames．C．Itcansendmessagestootherusers．D．Itcantalktoitsdevelopers．答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段的createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush可知答案。7．WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout？A．HowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtohim．B．WhyServalthoughtbrushingteethwasnecessary．C．HowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirteeth．D．WhatinspiredServaltoinventthetoothbrush．答案：D段落大意题。根据第五段的第一句话hewasinspiredby．．．可知第五段主要讲述了他制作牙刷的灵感。8．WhatcanweinferaboutServal'schildren？A．Theywereunwillingtobrushtheirteeth．B．Theyoftenfailedtocleantheirtoothbrushes．C．Theypreferredtouseatoothbrushwithadryhead．D．TheylikedbrushingtheirteethafterServalcamehome．答案：A推理判断题。根据第五段孩子的假装已刷牙，可知他们并不愿意刷牙。9．WhatcanwelearnaboutthefuturedevelopmentoftheKolibree？A．Thebrushhandlewillberemoved．B．Amobilephonewillbebuiltintoit．C．Itwillbeusedtofillholesinteeth．D．Itwillbeabletocheckusers'teeth．答案：D推理判断题。根据最后一段的Thecameracanexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush可知牙刷具有检查功能。Ⅴ．七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DoyouhaveaLED(发光二极管)inyourpocket？Chancesareyoumightsayno—notrealizingthatyourcellphonehasascreenlitbyLEDs！LEDs(orlight­emittingdiodes)arebrighteningupourtelevisions，computerscreens，cellphonesandnearlyeveryelectronicproductweusetoday．__1__Notjustthat．LEDsproducebrightwhitelight，useenergyefficiently，lastmuchlongerandareenvironmentallyfriendly．__2__ItisnowonderthattheNobelCommitteehasawardedthe2014PhysicsPrizetothreescientistswhodevelopedtheblueLED—ProfessorsShujiNakamura，IsamuAkasakiandHiroshiAmano．Electricbulbshavecomealongwayfromthefirstincandescentbulb(白炽灯)developedbyThomasEdisonin1879．ThencametheCFLbulb(紧凑型荧光灯)．Themercurymolecules(水银分子)insideaCFLtubecanbeexcitedbypassingelectricity，andsendlight．CFLbulbsaremoreefficientthantheincandescentones．__3__Forone，thebulbsareexpensive，andthemercuryinsidethemcanbepoisonousifthebulbsbreak．In1962，NickHolonyakcameupwiththeideaoftheLED．__4__Somespecialmaterials(calledsemiconductors)canbemadetoemitlightwhenelectricityissentthroughthem．Youmayknowthatatomsconsistofelectronsmovingaroundanucleus(原子核)—justastheplanetsorbitaroundourSun．__5__Electronscanalsojumpbetweenorbits！A．Thescienceissimple．B．Butthereisadifference．C．HowefficientareLEDlights？D．However，theydidnotbecomeverypopular．E．Theyareefficientenoughtorunonsolarpower．F．Theyarelightingupourhomesandofficesaswell．G．Butallthiswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheinventionoftheblue­coloredLED．1．____________2．____________3．____________4．____________5．____________文章大意：发光二极管的使用在我们的日常生活中极为普遍，难怪2014年诺贝尔物理学奖被授予三位发展了蓝光LED的科学家。答案：1．F发光二极管照亮我们的电视屏、电脑屏、手机屏等几乎每一件电子产品，故F项(它们也照亮我们的家和办公室)符合上下文语境。2．G上文提到LED灯的性能以及优点，下文提到几个科学家因蓝光LED的研究而获奖，故此处选择G项(然而如果没有蓝光LED的发明，所有这些也将不会成为可能)，说明蓝光LED的重要性。3．D上文提到紧凑型荧光灯比白炽灯更高效，下文提到紧凑型荧光灯不受欢迎的原因，故选D项(然而它们不是很受人欢迎)承上启下。4．A此处与上文中的cameupwiththeidea相呼应。A项紧承上文，提示下文要介绍上文所提出的该想法的原理。5．B上文提到电子轨道和行星轨道有相似之处，下文提到了不同点，故B项(然而二者有区别)承上启下。Ⅵ．短文改错阅读短文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误仅限1词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。BeforelunchAllenhappenedtoseeaman