淋巴系统解剖

淋巴系统解剖第一页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一OverviewoftheLymphaticSystemIncludes,vessels,fluid,andnodesornonsecreting"glands".Lymphaticvesselsconveyfluidfromtheperipherytotheveins.Thefluid,lymph(=clearspringwater),iswhatseepsoutofthebloodattheperipheralcapillaries.CompositionissimilartoplasmawithouttheproteinsLymphaticorgansortissues("glands")arefilteringareasandarenasoflymphocytematurationandcompetency.第二页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一MajorFunctionsofLymphaticSystemFiltrationoflymphReturnofseepedfluidtoc.v.system“Education”andproductionofimmunesystemlymphocytesTransportofdigestedlipidsfromsmallintestinallacteals

第三页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一LymphCapillariesThinwalledendothelium(noBM)withperiodiconewayvalves.Ingeneraltheyparallelveins.Closedendsallowfluidflowinwardonly PickupandrecycleextratissuefluidLymphcirculationdueto?ComparetoFig.23.2第四页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一LocationofLymphCapillariesEverywhere,exceptforCNSandbonemarrow,aswellascorneaandcartilage.Specialsetoflymphcapillariesinvilliofsmallintestine=Lacteals

第五页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一Damagedvalvesorblockedlymphvessels ???Lymphaticvesselscomparableinstructuretoveins第六页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一LymphcapillariesconvergetobecomecollectingvesselsandendupaseitherThoracicductorrightlymphaticductThoracic(leftlymphatic)ductLeftsubclavianveinRightlymphaticductRightsubclavianveinCysternaChyliFig23.4第七页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一largest第八页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一LymphocytesAgranulocytes-largenucleiandsmallamountofcytoplasmFunctioninidentificationandinactivation/destructionofpathogensTypesofLymphocytesTCells-cellularimmunity-specificforpreviouslyidentifiedpathogensTHelper,TKiller,TSuppressor,andmemorycellsBCells-humoralimmunity-plasmacellsproduceantibodiesspecifictotheantigenorpathogen;memorycellsNKcells-non-specific,provideimmunologicalsurveillance第九页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一BoneMarrow:LymphopoiesisLymphocytesarelateralsoproducedinthymus,spleenandtonsilsFig23.7第十页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一122C.t.loadedwithLymphocytesLymphoidnodulesareunencapsulatedclustersoflymphocytes(~1mm).Foundbeneathepithelialliningofrespiratory,digestive&urinarytractsMucosaassociatedlymphatictissue(MALT)inGItract

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tonsilsaggregatelymphoidnodulesinsmallintestine(=Peyerspatches)appendix-wallscontainlymphoidtissueLymphoidTissue=adenoids第十一页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一LymphNodes~500(1mmto25mm)Bean-shapedwithhilusseveralafferentvessels,oneefferentvesselFunction?Popularterm“lymphgland”ismisnomer.Why?Containlotsoflymphocytes&MacrophagesClinicalapplication:SwollenlymphnodesFig23.9第十二页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一DistributionofLNsCervicallymphnodes-drainheadandneckAxillarylymphnodes-drainarmsandbreastsPopliteallymphnodes-drainlegs,drainintoInguinallymphnodes-drainlowerlimbThoraciclymphnodes-drainthoracicvisceraAbdominallymphnodes-drainpelvicregionIntestinalandmesentericlymphnodes-drainabdominalviscera第十三页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一ThymusLocationaboveheart,posteriortosternumDividedintolobulesOnlylymphoidorganthatdoesNOTfightantigens,itfunctionsas“T-cellacademy”BloodthymusbarrierpreventsprematurestimulationofdevelopingT-cellsInvolutionafterpubertyEpithelialcellsproducethymichormones第十四页，共十五页，编辑于2023年，星期一LargestlymphoidorganSoftandverybloodrichRedpulpsinusoidscontainingRBCs whitepulplymphoidtissueMajorFunctions:InitiationofImmuneresponsetoantigensinbloodRemovalofag