2023年考研考博-考博英语-四川农业大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-四川农业大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Imadeapledgetomyselfonthewaydowntothevacationbeachcottage.FortwoweeksIwouldtrytobealovinghusbandandfather.Totallyloving.Noifs,andsorbuts.TheideahadcometomeasIlistenedtoatalkonmycarradio.ThespeakerwasquotingaBiblical(圣经的)passageabouthusbandsbeingthoughtfuloftheirwives.Thenhewentontosay,“Loveisanactofwill.Apersoncanchoosetolove.”Tomyself,IhadtoadmitthatIhadbeenaselfishhusband.Well,fortwoweeksthatwouldchange.Anditdid.RightfromthemomentIkissedEvelynatthedoorandsaid,“Thatnewyellowsweaterlooksgreatonyou.”“Oh,Tom,younoticed,”shesaid,surprisedandpleased.Maybealittlepuzzled.Afterthelongdrive,Iwantedtositandread.Evelynsuggestedawalkonthebeach.Istartedtorefuse,butthenIthought,“Evelyn’sbeenaloneherewiththekidsallweekandnowshewantstobealonewithme.”Wewalkedonthebeachwhilethechildrenflewtheirkites.Soitwent.TwoweeksofnotcallingtheWallStreetfirmwhereIamadirector;avisittotheshellmuseumthoughIusuallyhatemuseums.Relaxedandhappy,that’showthewholevacationpassed.Imadeanewpledgetokeeponrememberingtochooselove.Therewasonethingthatwentwrongwithmyexperiment,however.EvelynandIstilllaughaboutittoday.Onthelastnightatourcottage,preparingforbed,Evelynstaredatmewiththesaddestexpression.“What’sthematter?”Iaskedher.“Tom,”shesaidinavoicefilledwithdistress,“doyouknowsomethingIdon’t?”“Whatdoyoumean?”“Well…thatcheckup(体检)Ihadseveralweeksago…ourdoctor…didhetellyousomethingaboutme?Tom,you’vebeensogoodtome…amIdying?”Ittookamomentforitalltosinkin.thenIburstoutlaughing.“No,honey,”Isaid,wrappingherinmyarms.“You’renotdying;I’mjuststartingtolive.”1.Inthefirstparagraph,“Noifs,andsorbuts”probablymeans“______”.2.FromthestorywemayinferthatTomdrovetothebeachcottage______.3.Duringthetwoweeksonthebeach,Tomshowedmorelovetohiswifebecause______.4.Theauthorsays,“Therewasonethingthatwentwrongwithmyexperiment.”Whatwastheonethingthatwentwrong?5.Bysaying“I’mjuststartingtolive,”Tommeansthat______.问题1选项A.unintentionallyB.inevitablyC.impressivelyD.unconditionally问题2选项A.withhisfamilyB.withEvelynC.aloneD.withhischildren问题3选项A.shelookedlovelyinhernewclothesB.hehadmadealotofmoneyinhisWallStreetfirmC.hewasdeterminedtobeagoodhusbandD.shewasseriouslyill问题4选项A.Hepraisedhersweater,whichpuzzledher.B.Sheinsistedonvisitingamuseum,whichhehated.C.Heknewsomethingaboutherillnessbutdidn’ttellher.D.Hewassogoodtoherthatshethoughtshemustbedying.问题5选项A.heisjustbeginningtounderstandtherealmeaningoflifeB.heisjustbeginningtoenjoylifeasalovinghusbandC.helivedanunhappylifebeforeandisnowstartingtochangeD.heisbeginningtofeelregretforwhathedidtohiswifebefore2.单选题Inthebusinessworldtoday,Coca-Cola,alittlemorethanacenturyolditself,standsoutasthemostsuccessfulproductinthehistoryofcommerce.Peopleoneverycontinent,inalmosteverycountryoftheworld,arefamiliarwiththenameandtasteofthisworld-famoussoftdrink.Coca-ColawasborninAtlantaonMay8,1886,whenDr.JohnStythPembertonproducedthesyrup,apharmacistnamed,accordingtolegend,inabrasspotinhisbackyard.When,byaccidentordesign,carbonatedwaterwasaddedtothesyrup,itproducedadrinkthatwasdeclared“deliciousandrefreshing.”Thetrademark“Coca-Cola”wasregisteredintheU.S.PatentOfficeonJanuary31,1893.Throughcleveradvertisingthedemandfortheproductgrewbyleapsandbounds.Onegreatleapforwardcamein1894,whenJosephBiedenharnofVicksburg,Mississippi,impressedwiththedemandforthedrinkathissodafountain,installedbottlingmachineryandbegantosellcasesofCoca-ColatoplantationsandlumbercampsupanddowntheMissippiRiver.Today,theCoca-Colabottlingsystemisthelargest,mostwidespreadproductionanddistribution,net-workintheworld.In1916theuniquelyshapedbottle,designedbyaglasscompanyinTerreHuate,Indiana,wasdevelopedtoprotectCoca-Colafromimitations.Inthe1920sCoca-Colapioneeredinproducing“six-packs,”cardboardcartonsthatheldsixbottlesofthedrink.In1929adistinctivelyshapedfountainglassbecamestandardandhelpedtoadvertisethepopularityofthedrink.TheinternationalgrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900,whenasonofthecompany’sfoundertookajugofsyrupwithhimonavacationtoEngland.ThesameyearCoca-ColatraveledtoCubaandPuertoRico,wherebottlingoperationssoonbegan,astheydidinPanama,thePhilippines,andGuam.ThefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperationinFrancein1920.Coca-ColaandtheOlympicsbegantheirassociationinthesummerof1928,whenanAmericanfreighterarrivedinAmsterdamcarryingtheUnitedStatesOlympicteamand1000casesofCoca-Cola.Fortythousandspectatorsfilledthestadiumtowitnesstwofirsts:thefirstlightingoftheOlympicflameandthefirstsaleofCokeatanOlympiad.ManypeopleoutsidetheUnitedStateshadtheirfirsttasteofCoca-ColaduringWorldWarⅡ,when64bottlingplantswereshippedabroad(thefirstbeinginAlgiers)toprovidemorethan5billionbottlesofCokeforAmericanservicepersonnelinEuropeandthePacific.Inthenext20yearsthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydoubled.TheworldwideappealofCoca-Colawasdramaticallydisplayedin1971,whenyoungpeoplefromaroundtheworldgatheredonahilltopinItalytosing“I’dliketobuytheworldaCoke”—presentingaunifyingglobalspirit.In1976thewell-knownadvertisingslogan“ThePauseThatRefreshes”(whichfirstappearedinTHESATURDAYEVENINGPOSTin1929)wasjoinedbyanewslogan:“CokeAddsLife.”Afewyearslater“HaveaCokeandaSmile”wasadded,andin1982thetheme“Cokeisit!”waslaunchedaroundtheworld,followedby“Can’tBeattheFeeling”inthelate1980s,and“Can’tBeattheRealThing”intheearly1990s.“ThePauseThatRefreshes”hascomealongwayin109years.1.WhatdidDr.JohnStythPembertondobeforehemadethe“deliciousandrefreshing”drink?2.Thedemandfortheproductgrew______throughcleveradvertising.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?4.Whendidthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydouble?5.Whichofthefollowingslogansdidnotmaketheirfirstappearanceinthe1980’s?问题1选项A.Hewasasoft-drinkdealer.B.Hewasanalcoholdealer.C.Hewasaphysician.D.Hewasapharmaceuticalchemist.问题2选项A.veryrapidlyB.steadilyC.slowlyD.unsteadily问题3选项A.Eachcardboardcartoncanholdsixbottlesofthedrink.B.ThegrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900.C.InFrance,thefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperation.D.TheOlympicsandCoca-Colaassociatedwitheachotherinthesummerof1928.问题4选项A.1920’s.B.1940’s.C.1960’s.D.1980’s.问题5选项A.“Cokeisit!”B.“CokeAddsLife.”C.“Can’tBeattheFeeling.”D.“HaveaCokeandaSmile.”3.单选题Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.Withtheradiationemittedbyourhouses,thearsenic(砷)inthewaterandthetoxicrayscomingoutofcellphones,itisn’treallysafetosleep,drinkortalk.LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.AfterSept.11,2001,thousandsofpeoplesworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,theoddsofbeingkilledinaterroristincidentin2002wereonein9million.Inthatsameyear,theoddsofdyinginatrafficaccidentwereaboutonein7,000.Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.It’safactthatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes),andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Also,althoughIhavenoproof,I’llhazardaguessthatpeoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory—andmaybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.1.ChildrenarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration______.3.Whichistheacceptedpsychologicalexplanationforpeople’sfearasmentionedinthepassage?4.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast______.5．Theauthorbelievesthat______.问题1选项A.fallentreesB.fallenpowerlinesC.acominghurricaneD.brokentrafficlights问题2选项A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddangerB.waslessfussyaboutdangersC.livedinamoredangerousworldD.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves问题3选项A.Peoplearemoreafraidofthingstheydonotknowthanthingstheyarefamiliarwith.B.Peoplearemoreafraidofdangersreportedinnewspapersthanthosetheyexperience.C.Peoplearemoreafraidofflyinginanairplanethanridingatrain.D.Peoplearemoreafraidofterroristdisastersthannaturaldisasters.问题4选项A.lifewasmoreenjoyableB.waterwaslesscleanandfreshC.foodswereofbettertasteandqualityD.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross问题5选项A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadaysB.peoplehavegoodreasontofearthedangerstodayC.lifeisfullofdangers,especiallyafterthe9.11attacksD.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers4.单选题Hewasabeautifulhorsethatlookedasthoughhe______outofapaintingbyXuBeihong.问题1选项A.comeB.hascomeC.iscomingD.hadcome5.单选题Whenwesoldourranchandmovedtotown,motherhaddecided______openadaynursery.问题1选项A.toB.onC.inD.for6.单选题Inmyopinion,he’s______imaginativeofallthecontemporarypoets.问题1选项A.quitethemostB.verythemostC.byfarthemostD.ratherthemo7.单选题Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmoreratherthanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectoroftheNationalInstituteonAgain.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.”Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays.“Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose______.2.AccordingtoFozard’sargumentpeoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby______.3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork______.4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto______.5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?问题1选项A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformationB.whoarehighlyintelligentC.whosemindsarealertandreceptiveD.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentsounds问题2选项A.constantlydoingmemoryworkB.takingpartinvariousmentalactivitiesC.goingthroughspecifictrainingD.makingfrequentadjustments问题3选项A.remainatheorytofurtherprovedB.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexpertsC.havebeengenerallyacceptedD.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves问题4选项A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivitiesB.keepmentallyactivebychallengesthroughspecifictrainingC.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictrainingD.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities问题5选项A.Howbiochemicalchangesoccurinthehumanbrain.B.Whypeopleshouldkeepactivenotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.C.Howintellectualactivitiesinfluencebrain-cellhealth.D.Whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage.8.单选题Thedoctor______methatthediscomfortwoulddisappearinacoupleofdaysifIfollowedhisadvice.问题1选项A.assuredB.confirmedC.ensuredD.confessed9.单选题Eyecontactisanonverbaltechniquethathelpsthespeaker“sell”hisorherideastoanaudience.Besidesitspersuasivepowers,eyecontacthelpsholdlistenerinterest.Asuccessfulspeakermustmaintaineyecontactwithanaudience.Tohavegoodrapport(关系)withlisteners,aspeakershouldmaintaindirecteyecontactforatleast75percentofthetime.Somespeakersfocusexclusivelyontheirnotes.Othersgazeovertheheadsoftheirlisteners.Botharelikelytoloseaudienceinterestandesteem.Peoplewhomaintaineyecontactwhilespeaking,whetherfromapodium(演讲台)orfromacrossthetable,are“regardednotonlyasexceptionallywell-disposedbytheirtargetbutalsoasmorebelievableandearnest.”Toshowthepotencyofeyecontactindailylife,wehaveonlytoconsiderhowpassers-bybehavewhentheirglanceshappentomeetonthestreet.Atoneextremearethosepeoplewhofeelobligedtosmilewhentheymakeeyecontact.Attheotherextremearethosewhofeelawkwardandimmediatelylookaway.Tomakeeyecontact,itseems,istomakeacertainlinkwithsomeone.Eyecontactwithanaudiencealsoletsaspeakerknowandmonitorthelisteners.Itis,infact,essentialforanalyzinganaudienceduringaspeech.Visualcues(暗示)fromaudiencememberscanindicatethataspeechisdragging,thatthespeakerisdwellingonaparticularpointfortoolong,orthataparticularpointrequiresfurtherexplanation.Aswehavepointedout,visualfeedbackfromlistenersshouldplayanimportantroleinshapingaspeechasitisdelivered.1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith______.2.Accordingtothepassage,agoodspeakermust______.3.Theword“target”inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphcanbestbereplacedby______.4.Indailylife,whentheglancesoftwopassers-byhappentomeet,thesetwopersonswillinevitably______.5.Eyecontactwithanaudience,accordingtotheauthor,hasallthefollowingbenefitsforthespeakerEXCEPTthatitdoesn’t______.问题1选项A.theimportanceofeyecontactB.thepotencyofnonverbaltechniquesC.successfulspeechdeliveryD.aneffectivewaytogainvisualfeedbacks问题2选项A.“sell”hisorherideastoanaudienceB.maintaindirecteyecontactwithlistenersC.beverypersuasiveandbelievableD.beexceptionallywell-disposed问题3选项A.“destination”B.“goal”C.“audience”D.“followers”问题4选项A.smiletoeachotherB.feelawkwardandlookawayimmediatelyC.trytomakeaconversationwitheachotherD.noneoftheabove问题5选项A.helpthespeakertocontroltheaudienceB.helpthespeakertogainaudienceinterestandesteemC.helpthespeakertoknowwhetherheistalkingtoomuchaboutacertainpointD.helpthespeakertoanalyzehisaudiencewhenheisbeginninghisspeech10.单选题Theirdogwasasubstitute______thechildrentheyhadneverhad.问题1选项A.asB.ofC.toD.for第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后两句Totallyloving.Noifs,andsorbuts.（完全的爱。没有“如果”，“和”跟“但是”。），“if”，“and”，“but”都是表示条件的连词，说明是指无条件的爱。因此D选项“无条件地”正确。A选项“无意地”，B选项“不可避免地”，C选项“令人印象深刻地”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段前三句Afterthelongdrive,Iwantedtositandread.Evelynsuggestedawalkonthebeach.Istartedtorefuse,butthenIthought,“Evelyn’sbeenaloneherewiththekidsallweekandnowshewantstobealonewithme.”（经过漫长的车程，我想坐下来阅读。艾芙琳建议去海滩上走走。我开始拒绝，但后来我想，“艾芙琳整个星期都在这里和孩子们独处，现在她想和我独处。”），说明汤姆的妻子和孩子早在他之前已经先到了海边，他是之后自己开车过来的。因此C选项“独自一人”正确。A选项“和他的家人一起”，B选项“和艾芙琳一起”，D选项“和他的孩子们一起”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Imadeapledgetomyselfonthewaydowntothevacationbeachcottage.FortwoweeksIwouldtrytobealovinghusbandandfather.（在去度假海滩别墅的路上，我对自己做了一个承诺。在两个星期里，我将努力成为一个有爱心的丈夫和父亲。），说明汤姆向自己保证在度假的两周里要做一个好丈夫、好父亲，所以他对妻子非常体贴。因此C选项“他决心要做一个好丈夫”正确。A选项“她穿着新衣服看起来很可爱”，B选项“他在华尔街的公司赚了很多钱”，D选项“她身患重病”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第十一段Well…thatcheckupIhadseveralweeksago…ourdoctor…didhetellyousomethingaboutme?Tom,you’vebeensogoodtome…amIdying?（嗯……几周前我做的那个体检……我们的医生……他有没有告诉你一些关于我的事情？汤姆，你一直对我很好……我是不是快死了？），说明联系到上次在医院的体检，妻子不由得怀疑是不是自己快要死了丈夫才突然变得如此体贴。因此D选项“他对她很好，以至于她认为她一定是要死了”正确。A选项“他称赞妻子的毛衣，让妻子很困惑”，由原文可知，妻子困惑之余更多的是欣喜，所以A错误。B选项“妻子坚持去他不喜欢去的博物馆”，由原文可知，他愿意陪妻子去博物馆，所以B错误。C选项“他没告诉妻子她得了重病”，由原文可知，他的妻子并未得重病，所以C错误。5.推理判断题。由全文可知，汤姆认为自己从前是个自私的丈夫，现在的改变就是要做一个充满爱心的好丈夫，所以他说刚刚开始新生活。因此B选项“他刚刚开始享受作为一个有爱心的丈夫的生活”正确。A选项“他刚刚开始理解生活的真正意义”表述过于笼统，所以A错误。C选项“他以前过着不幸福的生活，现在开始改变”，原文中没有说他以前过得不幸福，所以C错误。D选项“他开始为以前对妻子的所作所为感到遗憾”，由原文可知，重新开始生活并不只是遗憾，而是改变，所以D错误。2.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Coca-ColawasborninAtlantaonMay8,1886,whenDr.JohnStythPembertonproducedthesyrup,apharmacistnamed,accordingtolegend,inabrasspotinhisbackyard.（可口可乐于1886年5月8日诞生于亚特兰大，当时的药剂师约翰•斯蒂斯•彭伯顿在他后院的一个铜锅里制作了这种糖浆。），说明约翰•斯蒂斯•彭伯顿在发明可乐之前是一名药剂师。因此D选项“他是一名药剂师”正确。A选项“他是一名软饮料经销商”，B选项“他是一名酒类经销商”，C选项“他是一名医生”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Throughcleveradvertisingthedemandfortheproductgrewbyleapsandbounds.（通过巧妙的广告，对该产品的需求突飞猛进。），说明广告使得对可乐的需求猛增。因此A选项“非常迅速”正确。B选项“稳定”，C选项“缓慢”，D选项“不稳定”均不符合原文，所以B,C,D错误。3.客观细节题。A选项“每个硬纸盒可以装六瓶饮料”，由原文Inthe1920sCoca-Colapioneeredinproducing“six-packs,”cardboardcartonsthatheldsixbottlesofthedrink.（20世纪20年代，可口可乐率先生产了“六瓶装”，即能装六瓶饮料的硬纸盒。）可知，这种硬纸盒可以装六瓶饮料，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“欧洲大陆上的第一家装瓶公司在法国开始运营”，由原文ThefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperationinFrancein1920.（欧洲大陆上第一家装瓶公司于1920年在法国开始运营。）可知，欧洲大陆上的第一家装瓶公司在法国开始运营，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“1928年夏天，奥运会和可口可乐公司开始有联系”，由原文Coca-ColaandtheOlympicsbegantheirassociationinthesummerof1928（可口可乐与奥运会的联系始于1928年夏天）可知，可口可乐与奥运会于1928年夏天开始联系，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“可口可乐的发展始于1900年”，由原文TheinternationalgrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900（可口可乐的全球发展始于1900年）可知，是全球性发展始于1900年，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第七段ManypeopleoutsidetheUnitedStateshadtheirfirsttasteofCoca-ColaduringWorldWarⅡ…Inthenext20yearsthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydoubled.（许多美国以外的人第一次尝到可口可乐是在第二次世界大战期间……在接下来的20年里，拥有装瓶业务的国家数量几乎翻了一番。），第二次世界大战是在二十世纪四十年代，那么之后的20年就是二十世纪六十年代，说明拥有装瓶业务的国家数量在二十世纪六十年代几乎翻了一番。因此C选项“二十世纪六十年代”正确。A选项“二十世纪二十年代”，B选项“二十世纪四十年代”，D选项“二十世纪八十年代”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句In1976thewell-knownadvertisingslogan“ThePauseThatRefreshes”wasjoinedbyanewslogan:“CokeAddsLife.”（1976年，著名的广告语“ThePauseThatRefreshes”被加入了一个新的广告语：“CokeAddsLife”。），说明“CokeAddsLife”这个广告语出现在二十世纪七十年代，而不是八十年代。因此B选项“CokeAddsLife.”正确。A选项“Cokeisit!”，C选项“Can’tBeattheFeeling.”，D选项“HaveaCokeandaSmile.”都是在二十世纪八十年代首次出现的，所以A,C,D错误。3.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.客观细节题。A选项“倒下的树木”，B选项“掉落的电线”，由原文becausestreetswereblockedbyfallentrees（因为街道被倒下的树木和电线堵塞了）可知，A,B选项是华盛顿的孩子们不能去上学的原因，排除A,B。D选项“交通灯坏了”，由原文andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（一些十字路口的交通灯也不能工作。）可知，D选项是华盛顿的孩子们不能去上学的原因，排除D。C选项“即将到来的飓风”，由原文可知，飓风已经发生了，所以本题选C。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（上一代可能会在过马路前绕着倒下的树走，左右张望，但这一代的孩子显然生活在一个更加危险的世界里，我们需要保护他们。），说明上一代人更懂得如何在面对危险时保护自己。因此D选项“在保护自己方面做得更好”正确。A选项“更知道如何避免危险”，B选项“对危险不那么挑剔”在文中没有提及，所以A,B错误。C选项“生活在一个更危险的世界里”，由原文可知，是这一代的孩子生活在更危险的世界里，所以C错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一、二句Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis…andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol（对此有一些明确的心理学解释……人们更害怕自己无法控制的东西），说明对恐惧的公认心理学解释是人们更害怕未知的无法控制的东西。因此A选项“人们更害怕他们不知道的东西，而不是他们熟悉的东西。”正确。B选项“人们更害怕报纸上报道的危险，而不是他们所经历的。”，C选项“比起坐火车，人们更害怕坐飞机。”，D选项“比起自然灾害，人们更害怕恐怖主意灾难。”都是具体的事例，而不是心理学解释，所以B,C,D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.（如果环顾你的社区，你会注意到水是干净的——这在100年前不一定是干净的，而且食物也没有腐烂或变质。），说明过去的水质没有现在的好。因此B选项“水没有那么干净”正确。A选项“生活更令人愉快”，C选项“食物的味道和质量都更好”和原文的意思相反，所以A,C错误。D选项“对孩子来说街道更安全”，由原文LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory（普通美国人的生活比人类历史上任何时候的任何人都要安全得多），现在的生活比过去更安全，所以D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句maybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.（也许这就解释了为什么城市官员、联邦官员和其他所有人都觉得有义务采取可笑的预防措施来满足公众的需求。），说明作者认为这些预防措施是可笑的，也就是说人们面对危险的反应过激了。因此A选项“现在的人对危险反应过激了”正确。B选项“人们有充分的理由害怕今天的危险”，C选项“生活中充满了危险，特别是在9.11事件之后”，由原文Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.（现在我们已经消除了大多数人曾经害怕的东西，我们只是发明了新的东西来取代它们。）可知，现在的生活中没有那么多危险，所以B,C错误。D选项“儿童应该得到更好的保护，以避免危险的发生”不符合题意，所以D错误。4.【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：它是一匹很漂亮的马，好像是从徐悲鸿的画里出来的。asthough引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时。主句Hewasabeautifulhorse是过去时，所以从句用过去完成时hadcome。因此D选项正确。5.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：当我们卖掉农场搬到镇上时，母亲决定开一个日间托儿所。decidetodosth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”。其他三项不能和decide搭配。因此A选项正确。6.【答案】B【解析】考查最高级。句意：在我看来，他是当代所有诗人中最富有想象力的。因此选项正确。byfar是一个副词词组，表示“……得多，显然”，用来修饰比较级或最高级，强调程度、数量等。very,quite,rather一般修饰形容词原级。因此B选项正确。7.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.（研究人员已经确定，当人们动脑时，大脑中会发生化学变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知领域更有效地发挥作用。）和第二段第一句Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.（当人们面对的信息能让他们思考自己感兴趣的事情时，他们会变得警觉和容易接受。），说明认识健康的人大脑在注意力和记忆等感知区域的活动更加增强，变得警觉和容易接受。因此C选项“大脑是警觉的容易接受的”正确。A选项“能记住大量信息的人”，B选项“具有高度智慧的人”，D选项“善于辨别不同声音的人”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.（福扎德和其他人说，他们用不同的脑力技能挑战自己的大脑，既是因为他们喜欢这些技能，也是因为他们确信他们的一系列活动将有助于他们大脑的工作方式。），说明福扎德认为脑力活动可以帮助大脑更有效地工作。因此B选项“参加各种脑力活动”正确。A选项“不断做记忆工作”，由原文Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation（关键并不一定是学会记忆大量的信息）可知，福扎德认为没有必要持续做记忆方面的活动，所以A错误。C选项“经历特定的训练”，由原文Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.（这种特定的训练不如能够保持精神上的警觉性来得有意义。）可知，福扎德认为这种特定的训练也没有必要，所以C错误。D选项“经常进行调整”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.（许多专家对挑战大脑的好处深信不疑，以至于他们将这一理论运用到自己的生活中。），说明科学家们自己也正在把这种理论付诸实践。因此D选项“被研究人员自己所实践”正确。A选项“仍然是一种有待进一步证明的理论”，B选项“受到了许多其他专家的质疑”，由原文可知这个理论已经被许多科学家认可，所以A,B错误。C选项“已被普遍接受”，原文没有说该理论是否被广泛接受，所以C错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage（科恩说，随着年龄的增长，我们经常被建议保持体育锻炼），说明多做体育活动是对老年人的一个普遍建议。因此A选项“通过参加体育活动来保持身体健康”正确。B选项“通过特定的训练来应对挑战，保持思维活跃”，C选项“通过特定的训练保持精神上的警觉性”，D选项“保持个人和集体活动的平衡”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章阐述了除了体育活动，人们还应多参加脑力活动，保持思维的活力。因此B选项“为什么人们不仅在身体上而且在精神上都应该保持活跃”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“人脑中的生化变化是如何发生的”，C选项“智力活动如何影响脑细胞的健康”在文中没有提及，所以A,C错误。D选项“为什么人们在年老时应接受特殊的脑力训练”只是文章的一个方面，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D错误。8.【答案】A【解析】