中考总复习名词

冀教版九年级英语中考总复习—名词关于名词的一些认知内容概念：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词，叫名词。英文用noun表示，缩写成n.名词的分类：名词专有名词个人、事物、地方或机构等所专有的名称：Mr.SmithKateEnglandNewYorktheGreatWall普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体:bookstudentfactorydesk集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体teampeoplefamilygroup物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质:waterwoodmilksnowraincheese抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、情感等抽象概念healthweatherfunangerhappiness可数名词复数规则变化的构成：1、一般情况下在词尾加sday-dayshorse-horses2、以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加esbus-busesbox-boxes

watch-watcheswish-wishesglass-glasses

注意：stomach-stomachs3、以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加escity-cities

family-families4、以f和fe结尾的把f和fe变成veshalf-halveswife-wivesleaf-leaves注意：roof-roofsscarf-scarfs\scarves思考：以o结尾的名词，复数怎么变？一般直接加s:photosradiospianoszoos但hero-heroespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoes你知道名词复数的不规则变化有哪些吗？1.man-menwoman-womenFrenchman-FrenchmenEnglishman-Englishmenpoliceman-policemen

但German-Germans2.tooth-teethfoot-feetgoose-geese3.Chinese-Chinese

Japanese-Japanese

sheep-sheep

deer-deer

4.child-childrenmouse-mice复合名词的复数形式怎么变呢？1.一般只把主要名词变成复数:pencil-box-pencil-boxesappletree-appletreesgirlstudent-girlstudents2.man,woman修饰另一名词时，两部分都要用复数:mandoctor-men

doctorswomanteacher-women

teachers常以复数形式出现的名词:eg：Thetrousersaretooshortforme.Theshoeswereveryexpensivelastyear.但这些词前面有量词短语时，谓语动词要以量词的单复数而定，如：Thispairoftrousersistooshortforme.Thiskindofshoeswasexpensivelastyear.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)

eg:Nonewsisgoodnews.

Mathsisalittlehardformanygirls.

clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子)glasses(眼镜)shoes(鞋)这些名词作主语时,应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。一些集体名词如people，只用作复数eg:Therearealotofpeopleinthefield.请区别：

Myfamilyisalargeone（我家是个大家庭）

MyfamilywereallwatchingTVatthatmoment.

（那时，我的家人都在看电视）Theclasslookslikeourhome.（班级看起来像我们的家）TheclassarereadingEnglishnow.

（同学们现在都在读英语）你知道用哪些词修饰可数名词吗？howmany，many，afew，few，alotof，lotsof，some，any，several后面跟可数名词的复数形式。常见的不可数名词有water，rice，fish，meat，work,homework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood等。1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。2.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。3.常用apieceof,acupof等来表示不可数名词的量。如

apieceofbread,acupoftea.若要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece

则可加s。即：twopiecesofbread

如：Somebreadisoverthere.请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果threeboxesofapples

名词所有格一、表示有生命的事物的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“'s”。如：Tom→Tom's译为“…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“'”即可。如：Teachers’

Day,twoweeks’holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's。如：Children'sDay

注意：1.表示两人共同拥有一件事物，则在最后一个名词后加’s。如：LucyandLily’sroom如果不是共有的，则两个名词后都要加’s。

如：Lucy’sandLily’srooms2.表示某人的家、店铺时，其所有格后的名词常省略。如：atMrWang’s(在王先生家)

atthedoctor’s

（在医生诊所）二、表示无生命的事物的名词通常用“of+名词”结构表示所有格，如：thenameofthehospital（医院的名子）,amapofChina（中国地图）但：theanswertothequestion(问题的答案)thekeytothedoor(门上的钥匙)三、如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of+所有格”的形式，即双重所有格，来表示所属关系。如:afriendofmyfather’s(=oneofmyfather’sfriends)我父亲的一位朋友动词怎样变成名词呢？v.——n.+er

work-workersing-singerwrite-writer

win-winnerrun-runner但：visit-visitorinvent-inventorv.——n.+ingmeet-meetinggreet-greetingswim-swimmingv.——n.+ionInvent-inventionpollute-pollution

suggest-suggestion但：organize-organizationimagine-imaginationv.——n.+mentmove-movementdevelop-development你能把下列adj.变成n.吗？different-differenceimportant-importancedifficult-difficultywarm-warmthlong-length一些名词既可以作名词，又可以作动词，试比较Ineedsomewatertodrink.Haveyouwateredyourflowers?Therearedifferentkindsofplantsintheworld.Thechildrenareplantingtreesinthepark.noisy-noisesuccessful-successwestern-west1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Chineseisoneofthemostimportant________(language)

intheworld.3.Ioftengotoworkon_____.(foot)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof_______(glass)5.Lookatthose_______(people)

intheboats!6.Look!The_______(woman)aresinging.7.September10this________(teacher)Day.8.Whoisthe______(win)?9.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_____(Lucy)10.Shefelloffthebike,andhurtbothofher____(foot)11.Edisonisagreat________(invent)intheworld.12.Therearefourbagsof_____(rice)

onthefloor.ideaslanguagesfootglassespeoplewomenTeachers’winnerLucy’sfeetinventorrice1.Theseare_____bikes.

A.JimandSam`sB.Jim`sandSamC.JimandSamD.Jim`sandSam`s2.BothJimandLiLeiare_____.

A.agoodstudentB.agoodstudentsC.goodstudentD.goodstudents3.-Howlongdoesittaketogettothestation?-It`s_____walk.

A.sixminute`sB.six-minutesC.sixminutes`D.sixminutes4.Ihavethreepenfriends.Oneis_____,theothertwoare_____.

A.Japanese;AmericaB.Russian;Germans

C.Canada;AustraliaD.English;Frenchman5.-Doyouknowthewomanoverthere?-Yes,sheis____mother.

DDCBD