排查落实练三金属及其化合物

排查落实练三 金属及其化合物 [学生用书 P303(独立成册)]一、重要化学方程式的书写 (是离子反应的仅写出离子方程式)1．(1)Na与H2O的反应________________________________________________________________________；(2)Na在空气中燃烧________________________________________________________________________；(3)Na2O2与H2O的反应________________________________________________________________________；(4)Na2O2与CO2反应________________________________________________________________________；(5)向NaOH溶液中通入过量CO2________________________________________________________________________；(6)将Na2CO3溶液与石灰乳混合________________________________________________________________________；(7)向Na2CO3稀溶液中通入过量CO2________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________；(8)将NaHCO3溶液和NaOH溶液等物质的量混合________________________________________________________________________；(9)将NaHCO3溶液与足量澄清石灰水混合________________________________________________________________________；(10)将NaHCO3溶液与少量澄清石灰水混合________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2Na＋2H2O===2Na＋＋2OH－＋H2↑△(2)2Na＋O2=====Na2O2(3)2Na2O2＋2H2O===4Na＋＋4OH－＋O2↑(4)2Na2O2＋2CO2===2Na2CO3＋O2－－(5)OH＋CO2===HCO3(6)CO32－＋Ca(OH)2===CaCO3＋2OH－(7)CO32－－＋CO2＋H2O===2HCO3(8)HCO3－＋OH－===CO32－＋H2O－2＋＋OH－(9)HCO3＋Ca===CaCO3↓＋H2O(10)2HCO－3＋Ca2＋＋2OH－===CaCO3↓＋CO23－＋2H2O2．(1)Al与NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________；(2)Al(OH)3与NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________；(3)Al(OH)3与盐酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；(4)Al2O3与NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________；(5)Al2O3与盐酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；(6)NaAlO2与过量盐酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；(7)向NaAlO2溶液中通入过量 CO2气体________________________________________________________________________；(8)将NaAlO2溶液与NaHCO3溶液混合________________________________________________________________________；(9)将NaAlO2溶液与AlCl3溶液混合________________________________________________________________________；(10)向AlCl3溶液中加入过量 NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________；(11)向AlCl3溶液中加入过量氨水________________________________________________________________________；(12)将AlCl3溶液与NaHCO3溶液混合________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2Al＋2OH－＋2H2O===2AlO－2＋3H2↑(2)Al(OH)3＋OH－===AlO－2＋2H2O(3)Al(OH)3＋3H＋===Al3＋＋3H2O(4)Al2O3＋2OH－===2AlO－2＋H2O(5)Al2O3＋6H＋===2Al3＋＋3H2O(6)AlO－2＋4H＋===Al3＋＋2H2O(7)AlO－2＋CO2＋2H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋HCO－3(8)AlO－2＋HCO－3＋H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋CO23－(9)3AlO－2＋Al3＋＋6H2O===4Al(OH)3↓(10)Al3＋＋4OH－===AlO－2＋2H2O(11)Al＋＋3NH3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋＋33NH4(12)Al3＋＋3HCO3－===Al(OH)3↓＋3CO2↑3．(1)Fe与过量稀 HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；(2)Fe在高温条件下与水蒸气的反应________________________________________________________________________；(3)Fe2O3与Al的反应________________________________________________________________________；(4)FeCl3溶液与Cu的反应________________________________________________________________________；(5)Fe(OH)3与HI的反应________________________________________________________________________；(6)Fe(OH)2长时间露置于空气中________________________________________________________________________；(7)FeO与HCl的反应________________________________________________________________________；(8)FeO与稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)Fe＋4H＋－3＋＋NO↑＋2H2O＋NO3===Fe高温(2)3Fe＋4H2O(g)=====Fe3O4＋4H2高温(3)Fe2O3＋2Al=====2Fe＋Al2O3(4)2Fe3＋＋Cu===2Fe2＋＋Cu2＋(5)2Fe(OH)3＋6H＋＋2I－===2Fe2＋＋I2＋6H2O(6)4Fe(OH)2＋O2＋2H2O===4Fe(OH)3(7)FeO＋2H＋===Fe2＋＋H2O(8)3FeO＋10H＋＋NO－3===3Fe3＋＋NO↑＋5H2O4．(1)Cu在硫蒸气中燃烧________________________________________________________________________；(2)铜在空气中生成铜绿________________________________________________________________________；(3)惰性电极电解硫酸铜溶液________________________________________________________________________；(4)Cu与浓HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；(5)Cu与稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；(6)Cu与浓H2SO4的反应________________________________________________________________________。△答案：(1)2Cu＋S=====Cu2S(2)2Cu＋O2＋CO2＋H2O===Cu2(OH)2CO3电解(3)2Cu2＋＋2H2O=====2Cu＋4H＋＋O2↑(4)Cu＋4H＋＋2NO3－===Cu2＋＋2NO2↑＋2H2O(5)3Cu＋8H＋＋2NO3－===3Cu2＋＋2NO↑＋4H2O△(6)Cu＋2H2SO4(浓)=====CuSO4＋SO2↑＋2H2O二、简答类语言规范再落实1．向饱和Na2CO3溶液中通入CO2气体，有什么现象？为什么？答案：有晶体析出。因为反应生成的NaHCO3的溶解度小于Na2CO3的溶解度，且反应过程中消耗水，反应方程式为 Na2CO3＋CO2＋H2O===2NaHCO3↓，所以会有晶体析出。2．不用其他试剂，怎样鉴别 Na2CO3溶液和稀盐酸？答案：取少量的一种溶液于试管中， 滴加另外