外刊经贸知识选读复习自考课后习题答案

三、课后问题：

1、Whafsthemeaningof“thepatternofChina'sforeigntrade”？

“ThepatternofChina'sforeigntrade”referschiefly主要的）tothe

commoditystructureofChina'sforeigntradeandhertradepartnershipwiththe

world.

2、Whatkindofclauseisintroducedby“when”inthesentenceofthethird

paragraph,section1?Anadverbial状语）clauseoranattributive定语）

one?

Anattributiveclause

AaOfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorrolein

modernizingtheChineseeconomyhadcausedimportstorisebymorethan

50percentin1978placingunduestrain（过度负担）onthenational

economy.”中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使

1978年中国的进口额增长了5%!上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。）

Whydidthemorethan50%riseinimportsof1978placeunduestrain

onChina'snationaleconomy?

Moreforeignexchanges（夕卜¥匚）isrequiredformoreimports.Allsectionsof

China'snationaleconomywouldhavetoworkharderandbettertoexportand

earnmorefortheimportsincreased.

4、Whafs“anetgrainexporter粮食净出口国）“？Doesitmeanonewhohas

neverdoneanyimports?

“Anetgrainexporter“shouldbeonewhohasdonebothimportsandexports

oftheitem,butfinallyexportedmorethanimportedwithinaperiodoftime.

\“Thestrongincreaseinimportslastyearisattributedtobuoyanteconomic

activityaswellastothesuccessoftheGovernmenfstradeandforeign

investmentpolicies.”去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对

外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。）

WhatdidChina'sforeigninvestmentpolicieshavetodowith（与・・.有关）

herstrongincreaseinimports?

Foreigncapital（夕卜资）hasflowedinto流入）Chinamostlyintheformof

foreignindustrialinvestorstosetupproductionfacilities（生产设备）locally（在

地方上，本地）togetherwiththeirChinesepartnersoralone.Forproduction

efficiency（效率）andotherreasons,asaruletheybringintechnologyand

equipmentfromabroadtoequip（装备）themselves.Thus（因止匕）itwouldresult

inariseinimports.

6、“Chineseofficialsstresstheimportanceofintroducingadvancedtechnology

todomesticindustry,buttheneedisfortechnologyofvaryingdegreesof

sophistication,notnecessarilyforadvancedtechnologyasthetermis

understoodintheWest.”中国官员强调向国内工业部门引进国外先进技术

的重要性，但他们需要是不同先进程度的技术，而不是一定需要西方国家所

理解的那种纯粹的先进技术。）

Whafstheimplication（含义）oftheunderlinedpartoftheparagraph

quoted（引用）above?

Chinaisadevelopingcountrywithherowneconomiccondition.In

introducingadvancedtechnologyintoourcountry,wewouldfirstchoosethose

mostneededandapplicable（可适用的）atthepresentstage（阶段，B寸期）ofour

economicdevelopment.

7、“Theauthoritiesdonotconsideritappropriatetoincurlargemountsof

externaldebtuntilanumberofpracticalbottlenecksintheeconomy9suchas

aninadequatetransportnetworkandenergyconstraints,havebeen

tackled.在经济中的许多实际障碍一一如运输能力不足和能源缺乏一一被克

服之前，中国政府不赞成招来大笔外债的做法。）

WhydidChinarefusetoborrowmoreuntiltheirtransportcapacity

andenergysupplyhavefurtherincreased?

China'sfinancialborrowingisforindustrializationandmodernization.Without

well-developedtransportnetworkandenoughenergysupply,however,industry

andtheentire整个的，全部的）economycouldnotbefurther（促进，更多的）

expanded扩大的,展开的）successfully.Therefore（因止匕）,ifsnotimefor

borrowingthemthen,whichcouldnotbeeffectively（有效的）usedandresultonly

inheavyinterestpayment.

8、"China'saccessto（有权使用）substantial（大量的）sumsofmoneyfrom

theWorldBankalsoreducestheneedtoborrowoncommercialterms."（中

国可以在世界银行中借贷巨额资金，这减少了中国以商业条件进行接待的数

量）

Whatdoes^borrowoncommercialtermsnimply（暗示）here?Andwhy

doesChinapreferloansfromtheWorldBank?

“Commercial”carries意味）themeaningofhavingprofit-makingasthe

aim.（以获得利润为目标）“Toborrowoncommercialterms^^istoborrowatthe

regularbusinessinterestrates（withoutanyspecialfavorreceivedfromthebank）.

ChinaborrowsfromtheWorldBankGroupforlowerinterestratesandother

favorableconditions

三、课后问题：

1、“AclearlyconfidentChinahasrolleduplargesectionofitsbamboo

curtain小dareditself'opentotheoutsideworld9andhungsignsonnearlyall

itscitiesinvitingforeigninvestorstocomeanddoseriousbusiness.”（一个显然是

自信的中国已卷起了一大截竹幕，宣布他要“对外开放”，并几乎在每一个城市

都挂出了招牌，欢迎外商前来做正当生意。）

InwhatisChinaconfidentinopeningthecountrytotheoutsideworld?

Thecountryisfullyconfidentinhesocialsystem（社会体系）Socialism（社会

主义）withChinesecharacteristicswhenChinaisopenedtotheoutsideworldthough

itseemsunavoidable（不可避免的）thatallsortsof（各式各样的）Westernideas

andtheirwayoflifearetobebroughtintogetherwith（力□上，和）theinflowof（流

入所需资本和技术）theneededcapitalandtechnology.

2、“Thefourspecialeconomiczones（SEZs）inGuangdongandFujianprovinces,

14coastalcities（allformertreatyports）andHainanisland（19uopennareasin

all）havespecificallydesignedtaxandotherincentivesfortheforeigninvestor.”

（广东与福建两省的四个经济特区，14个沿海开放城市（均为以前与清政府的

条约所开放的城市，及海南岛（共19个地区）都有为国外投资者特地制定的税

收和其他鼓励投资政策。）

Whatpartofthesentenceisthewordtaxhere?

Heretax（anoun名词）isusedasanattributeto（归因于）modify（修饰）

“incentive”.

3、Whywasforeigndirectinvestmentconsidered“arealelementof

competition（真正的竞争因素）"in"thecountry'seconomic-development

programme”（在该国的经济发展中）？

Atthetimeofwritingthearticle（1984）,thereform（改革）ofChina'seconomic

structurejustbegan,andmostofherownenterpriseswerenotquiteself-responsible

（自我负责）yetforgainsandlossesintheirbusinessoperation.Incontrast（相反）,

theenterpriseswithforeignfundswereorganizedontheprinciple（法贝!］、原则）of

themarketeconomyandtheyhadtobeactiveincompetitionforsurvival（生存），with

no“samebigpan（平底锅）"toeatfrom.Inthissense（从这种意义上说、在这方面）,

theywereconsidered“arealelementofcompetition.^^

4、Couldyoufindasubstitute（代替品）forthewordracein“theracetoget

foreigntechnologyandfunds”？（竞相引进国外技术与资金）

drive（n.）运动

5、“TheChinese...aspiretoowncolorTVsets,refrigerators,trucks,washing

machinesandbetterradios,bicyclesandclothing/5

Whatisimplied（暗指）byusingtheword“better”？（Does“better”refer

merely（只不过，仅仅）tothequalityofgoodshere,orsomethingmore?）

“better”impliesthattheyhadalreadyhadthingslikeradios,bicyclesandclothing,

butexpectedtohavebetterones.

6、“Evenlocalfactoriesaretakingnoteofthevastpotential（潜力）salesintheir

owndomesticmarket."（即使当地厂商也注意到其国内市场巨大的销售量潜力）

Inwhatsenseisthewordsalesusedinthesentence?

Inthegivencontextthemeaningofsalesisquantitiestobesold.

7、Howwouldyouparaphrase"takenliterally”？（从字面上讲）

IfGuMiTsstatement（陈述）isunderstoodintheword-for-word（逐字的）way.

8、Whatdoes^administrativesupport”（行政支持）inthetextreferto?

Administrativesetupsresponsiblefor（为.••负责）absorbing（吸弓|）foreigndirect

investmentandrelevant（有关的）localrulesandregulations（官方的规章制度）.

9、Whatis“awell-placedsource”?（消息灵通人士）

Sourcehereisusedinthesenseofasourceofinformation,whichmightreferstoa

personororganization,66Awell-placedsource“shouldbeanofficialwhois

well-informedbecauseofhisspecialposition.

10、“Thecentralgovernmenfsdeterminationtoraisethelevelofindustrial

technologyisclearlybehindthedecisiontoopenthe14coastalcities."（中央政府

决心提高工业技术水平显然是作出作出开放14个沿海城市的决定的原因）。

Whatyourparaphrase（解释）oftheabovesentence?Doesitmeanthatthe

“determination”wasthereasonforthedecision?

Thereasonforthedecisionwasthedetermination.

11、“Thecombinedindustrialoutput（产量）ofthe15coastalareasisreportedly

（据报道）equaltoaquarterofthenation'stotal.”（据报道，15个沿海市、区的工

业产量总和相当于该国工业总产量的四分之一）

Whatisthemeaningof“combined”inthesentence?

Couldyoufindanotherwordtoreplaceit?Whatisthat?

Together

12、“Butwhilethereasonsforthrowing19areasandcitiesopentoforeign

investmentandtechnologytransferareclear.（决/白向夕卜国投资与技术转让开

放19个区、市的原因是蒋楚的）

"Throwing...open”basically（主要的,基本的）meanshaving...open,

doesn'tit?Thenwhatisthedifferenceinmeaningbetweenuthrowing19areas

andcitiesopen”andhaving...open?Whatmoredoesitmeanwhentheword

throwisused?

Throwcarriesthemeaningofdoingthatwithforce-determination（果断）inthe

sentencequoted（提至Qabove.

13、”・・・，howthepreferentialsystemswilloperate（inthe19opendistricts）isnot

（clear）.Thisisduelargelyto（由于）theintensity（激烈）ofcompetitionamongthe

19…（但诸项优惠制度将如何运作，这一点却还不得而知。其主要原因是19个开

放地区和城市间的竞争激烈。）

Howcould“theintensityofcompetitionamongthe19"，iftherewasone,

leadtosomeconfusion（混淆）inabsorbingforeigndirectinvestment?

Accordingtotheauthor'sownunderstanding,asthe19openareasandcitieswere

competingactively（激烈的）withoneanotherormoreforeigndirectinvestment,

theymadetheirpreferentialsystemsmoreandmoreattractive（有吸弓|力的）and

thuscomplicated（错综的、复杂的）,hardtooperate.

14、“Thisisduelargelytotheintensityofcompetitionamongthe19,coupled

with（力口上）theinexperienceofmostlocalauthoritiesbothinmakingdecisions

andindealingwiththeoutsideworld?5（其主要原因是19个开放地区和城市间的

竞争激烈，加上大部分当地政府在决策与处理对外事务方面还缺乏经验。）

Whatdoes“coupled”meanhere?Couldyoufindsomesubstitutesforit?

Together/along

15、Whatare“targetprojects”？（重点工程）

keyprojects中点（工程）项目

16、“Oneofficialwhoiswellawareoftheconfusionafflictingbothlocal

authoritiesandforeigninvestorsisJingShaping,presidentofChina

InternationalEconomicConsultants（顾问、咨询）Inc.whichistheconsultancy

armoftheChinaInternationalTrustandInvestmentCrop.”（对这一令当地政府

与外国投资者都头痛的混淆不轻的问题，中国国际经济咨询有限公司的总裁荆

舒平最知情，该公司是中国国际信托投资公司附属的咨询性公司）

Whatisthemeaningoftheword“arm"here?CouldyouAndsomeother

wordtosubstitute?

Branch（分部）/department（部门）

17、“Thetimewillcomewhenthecitiesandzoneswillaskforhelpin

coordinating（协调）theirefforts."（有一天，这些市和区事会寻求援助以协调

它们的工作的）

Whatkindofclause（从句）doesuwhen^introduce?Anattributive（定语）

oranadverbial（状语）one?Why?

anattributiveclause.

18、whileacomprehensiveframework（综合准则）forthecountry's

modernizationhasbeenprovided（提供）bythecentralcommittee飞（中央委员

会）21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesome

timebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandeal

withoneanotherinasystematicway.”（虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日改革

经济体制的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的准则,但要等到尘埃落定、

要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道还需要一段时间）

Whafsyouunderstandingof“thedustsettles"?

Theconfusionisremoved.

19、Whafs^stock-takingoftheopenpolicy”?（对开放政策评估）

reviewing（回顾、评论）（reexamining复试）oftheopenpolicy.

三、课后问题

1、“IfthereisaroadtoChina'sfuture,Highway204outofShanghaiisit."（如

果有通往中国的未来之路的话，那便是始自上海的204国道。）

1）Whatistheexactmeaningof“outof9hereinthesentence?

2）Whydoestheauthorcompare（比喻）Highway204totheroadtoChina's

future?（youmayanswerthequestionafteryou'vestudiedthewhole

article.）

答：1）“Highway204outofShanghai“isoneleadingoutofShanghai.

2）ThetrafficonHighway204issothick（拥挤）thatthetripalongtheroadishard.

Itindicates（表明）thatthoughChina'seconomyisbooming（繁荣）,itisstill

backwardandthereisalongandthereisalonganddifficultwayyettoChina's

brighterfuture-becomingthestrongesteconomicpowerintheworld.Rapid

developmentinChinaisoverwhelming（势不可挡）itsbackward（落后）transport

networks,tobemoreaccurate（准确）,itsinfrastructure（下部构造）andevenits

economicconditions,whichlimititsfurtherdevelopment.

2、“Migrant（迁移）workerscrowdthenarrowshoulders”Whatdoes“shoulders”

referto?

答：“Shoulder^^heremeanstheedgesofaroad.

3、Eventually（结果、最后、终于）,industrygiveswaytoricefields,whichis

eingduguptobuildstillmorefactories/9

1）Whatdoesthephrase（短语）“togivewaytosomething”meaninthe

abovesentence?

2）Whatdoestheauthormeantoconvey（传达）tothereaderswhenheused

theword“eventuallyn?

答：1）Togivewaytosomethingmeanstomakeroomforsomething（让位于某物）in

thesentence.

2）Eventuallysometimesimplies（暗指）aninevitable（必然的、不可避免的）

result.

4、Pleaseexplainthefollowingphrasesastheyappearingtheirintheirrespective

（各自的）contexts:

udynamic（活跃的、生机勃勃的）economyn（paragraph2）

"theworldsdominant（占优势的、占统治地位的）economy”（paragraph3）

答：Accordingtotheirrespectivecontents,"dynamiceconomy^^referstoaneconomy

fullofenergy（活力）andactivity（活跃）精力充沛、旺盛；“theworld'sdominant

economy^^meanstheworld'smajoreconomicpower.

5、“Wedon'thavepeople,wedon'thavetime,"saysone.“Thingsaremovingtoo

fast.”

Whatisthemeaningof“Wedon'thavepeople”intheabovesentence?（Don't

theofficialsthinkwe'vealreadyhadthelargestpopulationintheworld?）

答：Chinaisshortoftechnicalandmanagementprofessionals（管理专业人员）.

6、“ManyeconomistsbelieveastandardestimateofChina'spercapitagross

nationalproduct（$370）isalreadytwotothreetimestoolow.”（许多经济学家认

为，对中国人均国民生产总值的权威估计太低了（370亿美元），实际上应该比

这一数字再高出2-3倍）

Accordingtotheinformationgiven,couldyoufigureouttheeconomists,idea

aboutChina'spercapitalGNP?

（HowmuchdotheseeconomistsbelievetheestimateofChina'spercapitaCNP

shouldbe?）

答：$740・$1110

7、“BillClintonhasappointedChinahandstotopAsiapostsattheStateand

Treasurydepartments/9

PleasetranslatetheabovesentenceintoChineseandexplaintheimplicationof

Mr.Clinton'saction.

答：比尔.克林顿已任命华人担任国务院和财政部中负责亚洲事务的部门的要职。

8、Canyouparaphrasethefollowingsentenceinyourownwords,especiallythe

phraseaworkinprogress?（显然，中国的经济正处于发展之中，远没有发挥

出其十亿多人口的巨大潜力。）

“Clearly,China'seconomyisaworkinprogress,nowherenearrealizingthe

potentialofitsbillion-pluspopulation.n

答：Clearly,China'seconomyisintheprocessofdevelopment,farfrom（远没有）

realizing（实现）thepotentialofitspopulationofmorethan1billion.

9、“Chinaremainsprimarilyanationoffarmers,andthetransitiontoan

industrialfreemarketismuchlikethetrafficonHighway204-unpredictable?9

（中国首先仍然是一个农业国家，他向工业化的自由市场转变，这种转变就像是

204国道的交通状况一样一一不可预知

1）Whatdoestheauthormeanbycomparing（比较、对比）thetransitionto

"thetrafficonHighway204”？

2）Accordingtotheinformationfromthearticle（giveninthenexttwo

sentencesfollowingtheaboveone）,whatchangesdoesChinaneedin

ordertorealizethemarketeconomyintheauthor'sopinion?Isittotally

acceptabletoSocialistChina?

答：1）WhattheauthormeanttosayisthatmovingonHighway204wereboth

local（当地的、地方的）old-style（旧式的、老派的）vehicles（车辆、交通工具）

andforeignautos（汽车）ofthelatestfashion（最新样式），andlikethatinChina's

economyco-exist（共存）hernationalenterprisesoriginally（最初、原文台）founded

（创建）fortheplannedeconomyandotherbusinessesfoundedfororadaptedto

（适合）themarketeconomy:thestructureofChina9seconomyisunderchangebut

notdecideddefinitely（明确地）yet.

2）Thestate-ownedfirmsshouldbesoldorprivatized,andtheequipmentand

facilitiesinthosefirmsshouldberenovated.

No,itisn't.

10、“LastyeartheBeiBeiCompanyinZhangjiagangcleared$14millionon

exportsof10millionpairsofshoestoUSdepartmentstore.”（张家港的贝贝公

司，向美国百货商场格出口了1000万双鞋，赚取了1400万美元）

Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedpartintheabovesentence.

答：Theunderlinedpartrefertogain$14millionasaprofitonexports.

11、“JusttwoyearsagoSouthKoreanmanufacturerswereflourishing（繁荣、

兴旺）oncontractsfromwesternathletic（运动的）footweargiants.......”

Whatdoes“on"mean?Canyougivesomemoreexamples?

答：Onhereisusedinthesenseofaccordingtoorinthebasisof.

e.g.Theymadetheirownjudgmentonhisreport.

ShestudiesinCambridgeUniversityonscholarship.

12、"SincethenmuchofthebusinesshasshiftedtoChina,dealingahardblowto

theSouthKoreanshoeindustry.”自那以后，大多数业务转向中国，这严重打击

了韩国的制鞋业。

1）Pleaseexplainthemeaningof“shift”andfindasynonym?

2）Whatpartofthesentenceisthephraseintroducedbydealing?What

doesitshow?

答：1）转移transferred

2）adverbial（状语）;anadverbialofresult

13、^Membershipinthisdub,whichincludesalltheworld'sleadingeconomies,

couldprovideahugeboostforalow-wageexporteconomy.”这个组织的成员包

括了所有世界经济强国，成为其成员国可以大大促进低工资出口经济的发展。

Howmanyreasonsarementionedinthesentencefor“ahugeboost”？

Inwhatwaycouldlowwagespromotetheexport?

答：1）one

2）Lowwagesmeanslowcostsofthegoodsproduced,andlostcostsresultinlow

priceswhichrender（致使）thegoodscompetitiveintheworldmarket.

14、aAlreadythough,China'scommercialstrengthisstaringtoworry

competitors-尽管如此，中国商贸的实力使中国开始成为令人担心的竞争者。

Whatpartofspeechistheword"though”？Whatpartofthesentenceisit?And

whatisthemeaningitimplies（暗指）？

答：Adv.（副词）,adverbial（状语）,however.

15、"ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,”saysone

Chineseofficial.6<AfterJapanwe'llbethefirstinlineforretaliation.”“贸易顺

差本身就将成为本年度的首要问题”一位中国政府官员说。“我们将是在日本之

后第一个遭到报复的国家。”

Canyoufindoutwhytradesurpluswouldbeaproblemandforwhatreason（s）

oronwhatexcuse“wemightberetaliated?

答：Onecountry'stradesurpluswouldbesomeothercountry9stradedeficit（逆差、

赤字）.Ifit'stoobig,itwouldbealossfortheimporter,bothfinanciallyand

economically.

Thecountrywithhugetradesurplusmightbeaccused（才空告、归罪）ofdumping

（倾销）orusingother9simportquotaillegally（非法的、不合法的）asinthetextile

trade.

16、“Andtherestoftheworldwilllookfoolishifitletsitselfbecaughtby

surprise-而世界上其余的国家，如果仍对此感到惊奇的话，那他就未免显得太

愚蠢了。

Whatdoestheauthorimplybytheabovewords?

答：ItisquitenaturalforChinatobecomeoneoftheworld'slargesteconomiesinthe

21stcentury.Peopleneedn'tfeelsurprised.

三、课后问题

1、Whafsthemeaningofaggregatein“Aggregateoutput”and“Aggregate

statisticsn?

答：Aggregate（adj.）:madeofseveralparts,total.

2、PutthefollowingsentenceintoChineseandseewhatpartofthesentencethe

underlinedpartis.

“ExcludingCentralandEasternEurope,growthindevelopingcountries

inl991was3.4percent,comparedwith3.8percentduringthe1980.”

答：1）除去中欧、东欧国家，发展中国家1991年经济增长率是3.4%,而其八

十年代的经济增长率是3.8%。

2）Itisanadverbialmodifierforcomparison（比较状语修饰语）

3>aEstimatesofGDPgrownbymajorgeographicregionshowanaccelerationin

LatinAmericaandinsub-SaharahAfrica,...^

Whatdoesthereportmeantoemphasizeusingthewordugeographicn?（Is

thereanyotherwayindividing区分的、划分的theworld?）

答：ThatisthatinestimatingtheGDPbygroup,thecountrieswerenotclassified

definitely（明确的）bythelevelofindustrializationintodevelopingcountries,

developedones,etc,asoften.

4、Howdidinternationalconditionsforgrowthindevelopingcountries

deteriorate使）恶化in1991?（Inwhatwaycouldtheslowdowninindustrial

countriesaffectdevelopingcountries?）（paragraph3and4）

答：AfterWorldWarII,theeconomicgrowthofmanydevelopingcountriesdepends

substantially生要的、充分的）onexport.WiththeWesterneconomies

slackening（放缓、减少）then,theycouldnotenjoyasmuchasoverseasmarket

asbefore.

5、“Thesevenmajorindustrialcountries（theG-7）experiencedsignificant

slowdowninGDPgrowth--from2.8percentin1990to1.9percentduring

1991asrecessiongrippedCanada,theUnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedStates

andgrowthratesslowedincontinentalEuropeandJapan.”由于力□拿大、英国、

美国的经济持续出现衰退，欧洲大陆和日本经济增长速度放缓,七个大工业国（七

国集团）的国内生产总值的增长明显减缓一一由从1990年增长2.8%降到了1991

年增长1.9%。

Whatdoesthewordugripnimply（暗示、意味）inthissentence?

答：Thebasicmeaningofgrip（v.）istoholdfirmly.Inthegivencontext,itimplies

thattherecession不景气、退后）washardforthecountriestogetridof.

6、Whatwerethemainreasonsfortherecession,accordingtoParagraph3?

答：Themainreasonswere:weaknessindemandmorecloselyrelatedtothelossof

momentum要素、动力）thathadbuiltup（力口强、增进）duringthelongperiod

ofexpansion（扩充、开展）thatbeganinl983;thecyclicaldecelerationin

investmentspending（周期性的投资下降）.

7、“Againstthisdeterioratingglobalbackground,theimprovementineconomic

performanceinafewdevelopingregionsin1991■—whichcarriedoverinto

1992…wasespeciallynoteworthy.”在全球背景恶化的背景下，1991年，少数发

展中地区的经济出现了改善的迹象，一一并持续到1992年一一尤其引人瞩目。

Canyoufindwhat“which”standsfor（代替）?.

答："Theimprovement

8、“AlsonoteworthywastheimplementationbytheParisClubofanewmenu

ofenhancedconcessionsindebtreschedulingfortheseverelyindebted,

low-incomecountries.”同样引人注目的是，巴黎俱乐部为债台高筑的低收入国家

的冲洗安排债务偿还计划而实施的新的家大让步的计划。

Whatdoestheword"menu"intheabovesentencemean?（Canyoufind

someotherwordtoreplaceit?

答：Arrangements.

9、“ItcontinuestodecelerateinNorthAmericaandedgeddowninJapan."（通

货膨胀）在北美和日本继续下滑

Canyoutellthedifferencebetweendecelerateandedgedown.

答：Toedgedownistodecelerateslowly.

10、Whatdoesstructuralmeaninthe^structuralproblems“discussedinthe

secondparagraphofthesectionunderthetitleof“majorIndustrialCountries”？

答：Itmeans“oforconcerning关于）thesocialsystemormanagerialsystem^^.

11、Whatdoes“thefourlargestEuropeaneconomies”mentionedinthesame

paragraph?

答：TheyareFrance,Germany,ItalyandtheUnitedKingdom.

12、"Weakgrowthofcreditandafallinsomeassetpricesprobablyslowed

consumption（消费量）,aswell.”贷款的若增长和一些资产价格的下跌可能也

减慢了消费。

1）Did“afallinsomeassetprices”haveanythingtodowith“weakgrowthof

credit”?

2）Whatdoes“consumption”refertohere?Isitconsumptionofthe

consumergoodsorthatofthecapitalgoods?

3）Howcould“weakgrowthofcreditandafallinsomeassetprices”slow

downconsumption?

答：1）Lesscreditlimitedinvestmentandconsequently（结果）thedemandforsome

assetshadtobereduced,whichwouldresultinloweredpricesfortheitems.

2）Consumptionofbothcapitalgoodsandconsumergoods.

3）Thetighteningofcreditandaweakmarketmeanslessfundsforenterprisesin

investmentandreducedincomeforeitherbossesorworkers,whichwould

affectconsumption.

13、“Thetradecomponent（组成、构成）ofthedeficitnarrowedaslowerinflation

andearlierdollardepreciationimprovedcompetitiveness,・・.”由于较低的通

货膨胀和先前的美元贬值加强了竞争，贸易赤字部分降低，……

1）Whatisyourparaphraseof“thetradecomponentofthedeficit”？

2）Inwhatwaycouldlowerinflationandearlierdollardepreciation

improvecompetitiveness?

答：1）Theeffectoftradeasacauseofthedeficit.

2）Fortheexporter,lowerinflationathomecouldhelpcutdownthecostoftheir

exports

andenablethemtolowerpricesforcompetitionabroad海外）；anationalcurrency's

depreciation（货币贬值）couldreducepricesoftheirexportsinforeigncountries

automatically（自动的）andlegally（合法的），infavorof（有利于）their

competitivenessoverseas.

14、ReadcarefullytheinformationonGermanyinParagraph11ofthetextand

answerthefollowingquestion:

Whycouldtheappreciation赠值、感激、评价）ofthedeutsche（德国马克）mark

causetheGermancurrentaccounttoswift（迅速的、立亥U的）fromasurplus

（余额）toadeficit（赤字）？

答：Anappreciationofthenationalcurrencyusuallyhampersonecountry'sexportsas

itlifts（上升）thepricesoftheirproductsininternationaltrade.

15、Whatisan^accommodativemonetarypolicy^（肯通融的货币政策）?

答：Accommodativemeanshelpful,cooperative.

16、Readthefirstparagraphofthesectionwiththetitleof^Developing

Countries”andanswerthefollowingquestions:

1）Whatdoes"output”refertointhefirstsentence?Couldyouthinkof

somemorecommonwordingforthesameidea?

2）Whatdoes“ease”meanin"...realoutputeased・・.”?

3）Howdoyouunderstandubroad-based（无限的、包含广泛的）（factors）”

and“morespecific具体（factors）”inthethirdsentence?

答：1）GDPofthedevelopingcountries（seeTable2-3attached）.

2）Easeherecarriesthemeaningofbeginningtofall.

3）Inthegivencontext,64broad-based^^factorsrefertothoseapplicable可适用的）to

manyormostcases;"morespecific“onesshouldbethosejustapplicabletoafew

casesorevenjustsomeparticularone.17、aBecauseslowdowninindustrial-country

growthdampeneddemandforexportsofbothprimarycommoditiesand

manufacturesfromdevelopingcountries,thevolumeofmerchandiseexportsof

developingcountriesdeclinedby2percent.”由于工业化国家的经济增长缓慢，

降低了对发展中国家的初级产品和制造品的进口需求，发展中国家商品出口量下

降了2%。

Whatis^merchandiseexports”？Whatistheotherkindoftrade?

答：Merchandiseusuallyincludesallitemsforsale.Inthetextitrefersspeciallyto

physicaltophysicalgoodsforexportascontrasttoservicesexported.

18、^StructuraltransformationandthecollapseoftradewiththeSovietUnion

anditssuccessorstatescombinedtoinduceadeeprecessioninmostofCentral

andEasterEurope,…”大多数中欧和东欧国家的结构调整（体制改革）和与前苏

联及其后出现的各共和国的贸易额骤降，使其出现了大萧条，

Whatdoestheauthormeanby^structuraltransformation”？

答：Achangeinthepoliticalandeconomicsystems.

19、”・・.apick-upinChinahelpedsustainAsianactivity.”中国的经济好转有助

于维持亚洲的经济活力。

Inwhatwaywouldthepick-upinChinahelpsustainAsianactivity?

答：1）EstimatesofGDPforeachgroupingoftheworldcountries,whichare

categorized（分类）onthebasisoftheirgeographicpositions.

2）Thepick-upenabled（激活的）Chinatoabsorbmoreimportsfromabroad,

includingAsiancountries.

20、Whatismarketdiversification（多样的）？

答：Marketdiversificationismakingthemarketsvariousinform.

21、"TheGDPgrowthratein1991oftheSouthAsiaregionwas2.8percent,

downfrom5.9percentin1990.ThedeclinewaspartlycausedbyIndia'sreining

in（控制、限制）ofitsbudgetdeficit（预算赤字）andshort-termeffectofthe

implementation（执行、实施）ofstrongemergencystabilizationmeasures.（紧

急稳定措施）”这部分的是由于印度控制他们的预算赤字和执行了强有力的紧急

稳定措施的短期影响，加上苏联市场的瓦解和美国的衰退，造成了其工业活力和

出口额的急剧下降。

1）Whatisth