2018考研英语基础阅读例证题应用

考研英语2000TextItisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregarded Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambition Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif itsreturnswellcompensatefortheitisrewardedwithmoney,fameanditsgoalsarespiritualratherthanitissharedbytherichandtheIfambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone'sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf. Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal. Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatit customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitionintoolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletdishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentoftheimpracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromIfambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone‘sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegiveuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis closingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.2Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsThelocations,cenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,theybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveand

Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhave theythinkofitastheirpursuitsarenotfameorwealthambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialtheydonotwanttoappeargreedyandInstead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,which:morethaneverseeminamplesupplythecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,"Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.":[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthe3Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractiveAsaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.3段Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractiveAsaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStatesThisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcoursesomeofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadeslySuch,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained secretlyandopenlyandeasilyandverballyand考研英语2003TextTheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swords MisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchTheexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic's Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis ①Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing."②Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheirusein

TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto callonscientiststotakesomeactionscriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightswarnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearchshowthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement③Scientistsneedtorespondfullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.

TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto callonscientiststotakesomeactionscriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightswarnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearchshowthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement③Scientistsneedtorespondfullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.情态动词：mustcan(could),may(might)shouldwould类似用法：ought

TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto callonscientiststotakesomeactionscriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightswarnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearchshowthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement③Scientistsneedtorespondfullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.

TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto callonscientiststotakesomeactionscriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightswarnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearchshowthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement④Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.⑤Hearingallegationscrueltytoanimalsinresearchmanyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddelibera yharmananimal.④Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.⑤Hearingallegationscrueltytoanimalsinresearchmanyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddelibera yharmananimal.

④Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.⑤Hearingallegationsofcrueltyanimalsinresearchsettings,areperplexedthatanyonewould yharmananimal.

Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis cruelbutinhumanandinevitablebutpointlessandForexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.

Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthe.discontentwithanimalignoranceaboutmedicalindifferencetoanxietyaboutanimalAskedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes."Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,"Don'tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers."Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.

Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthe discontentwithanimalignoranceaboutmedicalindifferencetoanxietyaboutanimal1、标志：examplecase

illustrate 般在例子前，有时也在例子后。③Scientistsneedtorespond fullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.④Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.allegationsofcrueltytoanimalsresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewould yharman

Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic's discontentwithanimalresearchignoranceaboutmedicalscienceindifferencetoanxietyaboutanimalrightsTheauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould ①Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.②Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'ship cement,afather'sbypassoperation,ababy'svaccinations,andevenapet'sshots.③Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelat49.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould ①Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.②Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'ship cement,afather'sbypassoperation,ababy'svaccinations,andevenapet'sshots.③Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatTheauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould communicatemorewiththeemployhi-techmeansinfeelnoshamefortheir [D]strivetodevelopnew①Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould"adopt"middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.②Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.③Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumaneTheauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould communicatemorewiththeemployhi-techmeansinfeelnoshamefortheir [D]strivetodevelopnew①Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould"adopt"middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.②Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.③Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumaneFromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis [A]awell-known[C]anenthusiastinanimal

[B]amedical[D]asupporterofanimalFinally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell- alitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.50.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell- alitiessuchasStephenCooper,hasbutallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis [C]anenthusiastinanimal

amedical[D]asupporterofanimalFinally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell- alitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.2004TextWhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?WhatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeThe4thparagraphsuggests Whatdoestheauthormeanby"mostpeopleareli llyhavingaZZZ"(line2,paragraph5)?WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheIthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoëZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?AkindofoverlookedAtypeofconspicuousAtypeof Akindofbrand1、标志：examplecase

illustrate 般在例子前，有时也在例子后。ThustheAmerican andvice-havesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsof ernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,Duisenbergand i)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?AkindofoverlookedAtypeofconspicuousAtypeof AkindofbrandOverthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?AkindofoverlookedAtypeofconspicuousAtypeof AkindofbrandOverthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?AkindofAtypeofconspicuousAtype Akindof1Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetismThis,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoëZysman.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies'SomeformofdiscriminationistoosubtletoCanthismerelybeOnetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.

The4thparagraphsuggeststhat questionsareoftenputtothemorein ligentstudentsescapeformclass