Unit+4+Exploring+poetry+Grammar+and+usage+课件【高效课堂+备课精研】 高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第一册

新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一Unit4Exploringpoetry

GrammarandusageExploringtherulesLead-inWhoisShelley?PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792-July22,1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoets(抒情诗人)oftheEnglishlanguage.

Lead-inReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.A ExploringtherulesRomanticismDefinitionItwasa1.__________________fromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury,involving2.______________________andpoets.TheaimTo3.______________________ofthe18thcentury.Toputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,4._________________andareturntothepast.culturalmovementpainters,musicians,novelistsbreakwiththeidealstheloveofnatureReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.A ExploringtherulesRomanticismRepresentativesofEnglishpoets5.________________________________________ThecommonthemeinRomanticpoetryCelebratingthebeautyof6.______________________ThesignificanceThepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneof7._____________________________________WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeGeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelleynaturalandcountrylife.thegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.Gothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetable.SubjectsPredicativesTheaimoftheRomanticwastobreakwith...Objects...,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith......theywerenotalwaysinterestedin...A Exploringtherules...theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;...Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.Gothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetable.SubjectsPredicativesTheaimoftheRomanticwastobreakwith...Objects...,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith......theywerenotalwaysinterestedin...A Exploringtherules...theyrefusedtofollowrigidrules;...Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.GothroughtheintroductionagainandcompletethetableComplementsAttributivesAdverbials...,peopleweremadetoworklonghours....aprocesscalledindustrializationA ExploringtherulesExploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,...Workingouttherules非谓语动词综述非谓语动词是动词的一种形式，没有人称和数的变化，但是有一般体、进行体、完成体和语态的变化，还可以有自己的宾语或者状语。非谓语动词不是句子的谓语动词，不能单独作谓语，但是可以作谓语之外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。形

式功

能主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一、不定式和动名词作主语的区别Observethefollowingsentencesandguessthedifferences.Smokingisforbiddenhere.Collectingstampsishishobby.Teachingchildrenmusicisherwork.Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.TovisitAustraliaismynextgoal.Itisharmfulforyoutosmokesomuch.Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimonsuchacoldday.抽象泛指习惯爱好工作职业经验未来动作具体动作前者指习惯爱好，后者指一次性行为不定式通常表示具体的，一次性行为或者将来的动作，表示带有目的性的未完成的事情。；动名词通常表示一般的，抽象的泛指概念，表示习惯，爱好，职业，经验等；不定式强调：动作本身；动名词强调：事件本身一、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后。1.不定式作宾语的特征及分析Iwanttohavearest.Wewouldliketoapologizeforthedelay.Everyonehopestowin.Theydeterminedtostartearly.这类动词（组）主要有：want,wouldlike,hope,wish,expect,long,desire,intend,mean,arrange,plan,decide,determine,prepare,attempt等表示“想要、希望、打算、意欲、安排、计划、决定、准备、企图等；”ask,offer,beg等表示”要求，请求”等和promise,agree,refuse等表示“答应；同意；拒绝”的词。2.不定式作宾语的特征及分析1）当动词表示“承认、否认、放弃、完成、结束”意义时，用动名词作宾语。在逻辑上，动名词表示的动作发生谓语动词动作之前。Sheadmitteddrivingthecarwithoutinsurance.Hegaveupteachingteachingthreeyearsago.Iwastryingtoquitsmokingatthetime.以上例句说明，动名词表示的动作已经存在或发生，动词实际上表示对“已然事件”的处置。2）当动词表示“允许、禁止、介意、反对、避免、阻止、延误、推迟、错过、冒险”意义时，用动名词作宾语。这类动词表示的动作与后面动名词表示的动作几乎同时发生。这类动词主要有：allow,permit,forbid,ban,prohibit,mind,oppose,avoid,eacape,prevent,delat,putoff,postpone,miss,risk等。Wedon’tallowmakingnoisehere,soyoushouldkeepquiet.Therulesoftheclubdonotpermitsmoking.Thegovernmentbannedhuntinginthemountains.Iwouldopposechangingthelaw.Hedelayedtellingherthenews,waitingfortherightmoment.Womenwhoputoffhavingababyoftenmakethebestmothers.3)当动词表示“思考、想象、幻想、预期”意义时，用动名词作宾语。这类动词主要有：consider,image,fancy,anticipate等。动名词表示的动作是动词的直接受事者。比如：“考虑做某事”是“考虑”的对象，做不做某事是“考虑”的直接宾语，而不是目的。We’reconsideringbuyinganewcar.Sheimaginedwalkingintotheofficeandhandinginherresignation.Shewas84yearsoldandIaskedherifshefanciedlivinganother16years.4)当动词表示“承受、忍受、抵御、禁不住”意义时，用动名词作宾语。这类动词主要有bear,stand,resist,can’thelp等。动名词也是动词的直接受事者。比如：“经受住诱惑”是指“诱惑”是“经受”的对象，“经受”的直接宾语。Hecan’tbearbeinglaughtat.Hecouldn’tresistshowingoffhisnewcar.Ican’thelpfeelingsorryforthepoorman.综上所述：

不定式作宾语表示“未然事件”，是将来发生的动作，表示主观意愿。

动名词作宾语或表示“已然事件”，在时间上早于动词的动作；或表示“未然事件”,与动词同时开始并同时结束，动名词是动词的直接受事者。注意：有些动词后跟动名词和不定式意义差别很大。forgettodosth.forgetdoingsth.remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.regrettodosth.regretdoingsth.stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.meantodosth.meandoingsth.trytodosth.trydoingsth.can’thelptodosth.can’thelpdoingsth.忘记去做某事忘记做过某事记住去做某事记得做过某事遗憾要去做某事后悔做了某事停下来去做另某一件事停止正在做的某事意欲/打算去做某事意味着做某事尽力去做某事尝试做某事不能帮着去做某事禁不住某事goontodosth.goondoingsth.做完某事接着做另一件事继续做同一件事情三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作表语的区别1.表示具体的一次性动作，尤其是将来的或者有待实现的行为，一般用不定式作表语。Myjobthiseveningistolookafterthebabyforher.AllIwantotdonowistodrinksomewater.2.表示习惯性行为、爱好、职业等，不强调动作，而是说明事件的名称或内容，一般用动名词作表语。Myhobbyiscollectingancientcoins.Herpart-timejobisteachingyogainaschool.3.表示主语所具有的特征，令人在情绪上发生变化，译为“令人怎样”，通常用现在分词

作表语；表示主语被动的感受，译为“感觉怎样”，通常用过去分词作表语。分词作表语实际上是形容词作表语，这是的分词叫做分词形容词。Theresultofthegamewasdisappointing.Thechildrenwereverydisturbing.Iwasdisappointedatthisdecision.Thechildwasfrightenedtoseethedog.四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语的区别1.不定式作定语往往表示未发生的动作，放在被修饰词后面。Haveyougotanything

todothisevening?Mynextaim

toachieveistoearnalotofmoneyandbuymyparentsabighouse.2.动名词作定语往往表示事物的用途或作用，放在被修饰词前面。可以用fordoing替换，作后置定语。awritingdesk=adeskforwritingareadingroom=aroomforreadingahidingplace=aplaceforhiding写字台阅览室藏身处3.现在分词作定语表示主动的，通常表示正在进行的动作；

过去分词作定语表示被动的，通常表示已完成的动作。thewaitingjournalistsadisappointingresultthepollutedwaterexcitedchildrenthejournalistswaitinginthehallthewaterpollutedbythefactory.等待的记者令人失望的结果被污染了的水兴奋的孩子们在大厅里等待的记者被工厂污染的水单个的分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语置于被修饰词的后面。注意：现在分词和动名词作定语的区别区别两者的重要标志：现在分词作定语表示“主谓关系”，动名词作定语表示“用途关系”。drinkingwater=waterfordrinkingboilingwater=waterthatisboilingasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping饮用水正在沸腾的水一节卧铺车厢一个正在睡觉的男孩动名词作定语，表示水的用途现在分词作定语，至水发出的动作动名词作定语，表示车厢的用途现在分词作定语，指男孩发出的动作4.tobedone,beingdone,done作定语的区别tobedone表示“即将被做”beingdone表示“正在被做”done表示“已经被做”Themeetingtobeheld

tomorrowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingheld

yesterdayisofgreatimportance.五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别不定式说明宾语的一个动作，侧重整个过程或结果；现在分词说明宾语的动作是主动且正在进行；过去分词表示宾语的动作是被动且已经完成。IhaveseenMillagrowupfromchildhood,soIknowherquitewell.SomestudentslastsawReedplayingnearanInternetbar.Theywanttoseethismattersettledimmediately.六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的区别1.不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别Iwokeupinthemorning(only)tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.Theheavyrainlastedaweek,floodingtwo-thirdsoftheland.Observethefollowingsentencesandguessthedifferences.出乎意料的结果顺其自然的结果不定式多表示出乎意料的结果，此时不定式前可加上only进行强调，还常见于too...to...,enoough...to...句式中；现在分词表示一种顺其自然的结果，即前句是分词动作的结果。2.done,beingdone,havingbeendone作状语的区别三者都表示被动。表示伴随可用beingdone，但是一般被done代替。havingbeendone往往强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，或表示已经持续一段时间的动作或状态，或表示原因。如果不强调时间先后或持续一段时间或原因，则直接用done.Brandonwasrunningalongthepath,(being)followedbyadog.布兰登沿小路跑着，后面跟着一条狗。Ledbythelocalguide,theyhadnodifficultyreachingtheirdestination.在当地导游的带领下，他们毫不费力地到达了目的地。Broughtupinhishometown,heknowslittleabouttheoutsideworld.在家乡被扶养长大，他对外面的世界了解的很少。Havingbeenwelltendedforhalfayear,mygrannybecamefarbetter.被精心照料了半年之后，我奶奶的情况好多了。Theto-infinitiveoftenreferstoanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture;theverb-ingform,acontinuingaction;andtheverb-edform,apastaction.Generallyspeaking,theverb-ingformexpressesa(n)(1)________(active/passive)meaning,whiletheverv-edformexpressesa(n)(2)________(active/passive)meaning.activeWorkingouttherulespassiveTheto-infinitivecanbeusedasthe(3)________ofasentence.Theverb-ingformcanbeusedasthe(4)_______ofasentence.Theverb-edformcanbeusedasthe(5)________ofasentence.*Youcanchoosemorethanoneanswerforeachblank.asubjectcobjecteattributivebpredicativedcompementfadverbialWorkingouttherulesa,b,c,d,e,fa,b,c,d,e,fb,d,e,fApplyingtherulesApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitive,verb-ingorverb-edforms.1.Romanticpoetsexperimentedwithnewpoeticforms.Theywereparticularlyinterestedinit.

Romanticpoetswereparticularly______________________________________________.interestedinexperimentingwithnewpoeticforms2.Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhentheydescribednaturalscenes.

Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhen________________________.3.Poemsthatfocusonnatureoftenstressthemomentofinspiration.Poems__________________oftenstressthemomentofinspiration.describingnaturalscenesfocusingonnature4.ManyRomanticpoemsarefilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemes,andcontainrichsensorydetails._______________________________________________,manyRomanticpoemscontainrichsensorydetails.5.SinceRomanticpoetswerehighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,findingconcernscommontoallofthemissometimesdifficult.SinceRomanticpoetswereallhighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,itissometimesdifficult______________________________________.FilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemestoallofthemtofindconcernscommonBornin1770,WilliamWordsworthwasoneofthe(1)

_________(lead)poetsoftheRomanticmovementinEngland.(2)

_________(grow)upinthebeautifulLakeDistrict,Wordsworthhadachildhoodthatwasperfectforadevelopingpoet.(3)

__________(educate)atCambridge,Wordsworthreceivedhisdegreein1791.Hespentalotoftime(4)

________(tour)inEurope.leadingGrowingEducatedtouringBelowisanarticleabouttheEnglishpoetWilliamWordsworth.Completethearticlewiththecorrectto-infinitive,verb-ingorverb-edformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.TravellingobviouslyprovidedWordsworthwithplentyofideasforhispoems.In1795,hemetSamuelTaylorColeridgeandthetwotalentedyoungmenbecameclosefriends.(5)

________(meet)ColeridgehadahugeimpactonWordsworth.LyricalBallads,acollectionofpoems(6)

_______(write)togetherwithColeridge,wasWordsworth’sfirstgreatwork.Itwaspublishedin1798andmarkedthestartoftheRomanticerainpoetry.Wordsworthexplainedthattheywantedtowritepoetrythatordinarypeoplecoulduse(7)

___________(express)theirfeelings.MeetingwrittentoexpressManyofthepoemsinthecollectionwereaboutreturningtonature.LikeotherRomantics,Wordsworthpreferred(8)

______________(live)inthecountryratherthaninthecity.living/toliveWriteabouttheimportanceofreadingpoems.Thinkofatleastonereasonandgivesupportingdetails,usingto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edforms.Possibleanswer:

Readingpoems

helps(to)developdeepinsightintowhatthepoetwantstoexpress.Everypoemisuniquetoitspoetanditsmessagemightfirstneedtobediscovered

beforeitcanbeu