语法spring虚拟语气

如果我会打字，我可能会节约大量时间。如果我把头发染成蓝色，谁都会笑我的。我要是知道她的号码我就能给她打电话。如果我们早点找到他，我们或许已把他救活了。我爸爸很希望自己上过大学。我建议他马上就去。If

I

could

type,

I

might

save

a

lot

of

time.If

I

dyed

my

hair

blue

everyone

would

laugh

at

me.If

I

knew

her

number

I

could

ring

her

up.If

we

had

found

him

earlier

we

might

have

saved

hislife.My

father

wishes

that

he

had

gone

to

university.I

advise

that

he

go

at

once.虚拟语气的用法1.与事实相反2.表示说话人的主观愿望、假设If

I

were

you,

I

would

stay

at

home.I

wish

you

would

shut

up.虚拟语气用于…一、非真实条件句if二、名词性从句三、各种句型1、与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式(were)，主语+would(should/could/might)+动原从句主句If

I

had

time,

I

wouldhelp

him.如果我有时间，我就会帮他的。If

I

wereyou,

I

would

stay

at

home.如果我是你，我就会呆在家里。假设你是一个仙人掌，我也愿意忍受所有的痛来抱着你。我绝不嫁给你高中水平:I

will

never

marryyou.高考:Never

will

I

marry

you.四级:You

are

the

last

man

I

am

willing

tomarry.六级:Under

no

circumstances

will

I

marryyou.GRE:If

you

were

the

last

man

in

the

world,I

would

definitely

remain

single.I’ll

never

be

your

woman.I’ll

never

be

your

son’s

mother.如果我能把字母表(alphabet)重新排序，我会把U和I放到一起。If

I

could

rearrange

the

alphabet,

I

wouldput

U

and

Itogether.如果时间可以倒流，你会重新选择你的生活么？If

you

could

rewind

your

time,

would

youchange

your

life?2、与过去事实相反If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+would(should/could/might)+have+过分If

I

had

had

the

time

yesterday,

I

wouldhave

helped

him.如果我昨天有时间的话，我会帮他的。从句主句我真的不知道如果那个时候她没有答应，我该怎么办。I

don’t

know

what

I

would

have

done

if

shehad

not

answered

YESat

that

time.3、对将来的假设、愿望If+主语+were

to

do，should

do,If

it

were

to

rain，I

would

stay

at

home.万一要下雨，那我就在家呆着。If

it

rains,

I

will

stay

at

home.如果下雨了，我就在家呆着。主语+would(should/could/might)+动原从句主句说话人认为不太可能下雨说话人认为下雨可能性蛮大美好的愿望If

I

were

to

live

my

life

over

again,

I

wouldhave

you

as

mywife.如果我有来生，我一定娶你为妻If

I

should

win

the

lottery,

I

would

buy

alarge

house.小结类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式1、与现在事实相反动词过去式be动词用werewould(should/could/might)+动原2、与过去事实相反had+过去分词would(should/could/might)+have+过去分词3、对将来的假设、愿望were

to+动原should+动原would(should/could/might)+动原if真题再现虚拟语气用于…一、非真实条件句二、名词性从句三、各种句型二、名词性从句标志词-------动词I

suggest

that

we

should

go

tomorrow.建议：advice,

suggest,

propose,

mend决定：decide,determine要求：order,demand,beg,require,urge,insist,desire只要主句出现标志词，从句谓语动词用(should)do我建议我们明天去。I

suggest

that

we

should

go

tomorrow.我当时建议我们第二天去。I

suggested

that

we

should

go

the

nextday.Thedoctorinsistedthat

heshould

noteatmeat（他不能吃肉）标志词-------形容词It

is+adj+that……It

is

necessary

that

he

should

come

backwithout

delay.essential,

crucial,

important,

imperative,necessary,

natural,

proper,

urgent,

vital…标志词-------过去分词Itis+done+that……It

is

requested

that

all

members

be

presentat

themeeting.decided,

desired,

demanded,

ordered,requested,

required,

mended,suggested…标志词-------名词It

is+n.+that……It

is

my

proposal

that

he

be

sent

to

studyfurther

abroad.我建议把他送到国外去学习。advice,

decision,

desire,

demand,suggestion,

proposal,

mendation,requirement,

order.虚拟语气用于…一、非真实条件句二、名词性从句三、各种句型1.Wish引导的宾语从句I

wish

I

had

your

pair

of

wingsJust

like

last

night

in

my

dreamsI

was

lost

in

paradiseWish

I’d

never

opened

my

eyesSometimes

I

wish

I

were

an

angelSometimes

I

wish

I

were

youSometimes

I

wish

I

were

an

angelSometimes

I

wish

I

were

youI

wish

I your

pair

of

wingsJust

like

last

night

in

my

dreamsI

was

lost

in

paradiseWish

I

neverSometimes

I

wish

ISometimes

I

wish

ISometimes

I

wish

ISometimes

I

wish

Imy

eyesan

angelyouan

angelyou1.Wish引导的宾语从句对现在的虚拟I

wish

I

were

a

little

younger.我希望我年轻一点。对过去的虚拟I

wish

I

had

been

there.我真希望我当时在那儿。对将来的虚拟I

wish

you

would

shut

up.我希望你能闭嘴。wish/wished，后面的虚拟一样。有时候，真希望自己可以穿越回去，去见见那个还是个小孩子的自己。Sometimes,

I

wish

I

could

go

backandmeet

myself

as

akid.I

wish

I

hadtaken

youradvice.我真希望我当时采取了你的建议。2.should

(not)

have

done本(不)应该听力再现题目：Mary

said“I

shouldn’t

have

gone

to

the

party.”问题：Did

Mary

go

to

the

party？yesthought…would…也是虚拟。题目：I

thought

Guotai

cinema

would

be

the

best

cinema问题：Is

Guotai

cinema

the

best

cinema？No.3.Asif/though引导的从句似乎，好像对现在的虚拟Itseemsasifyouweremymother.你听起来跟我妈一样。对过去的虚拟We

had

great

fun

that

day

and

it

seemed

as

ifnotasingledayhadgoneby.好像时光没有流逝一样。注意：as

if/though可以不虚拟Itis ing

dark.It

looks

as

if

it

is

going

torain.天变黑了，似乎就要下雨。It

seems

as

if

he

has

been

toAmerica.他好像去过美国。It

seems

as

if

he

had

been

toAmerica.Thank

you!Even

if

I

had

a

million

reasons

to

leaveyou,I

would

still

look

for

one

to

stay.纵然有百万个理由离开你，我也会寻找一个理由为你留下。Iwish

I

could

find

someone

who

would

feelmy

pain

even

though

I'm

saying

OK

with

asmile.

我希望找到这样一个人，即使我微笑着说“我还好”的时候，他也能察觉得到我的痛苦。If

I

treated

you

the

way

you

treated

me,

you

would

hate

me.如果我用你待我的方式来待你，恐怕你会恨死我。状语从句由从属连词引导一、条件状语从句二、时间状语从句三、原因状语从句四、目的状语从句五、结果状语从句六、让步状语从句七、地点状语从句八、方式状语从句一、条件状语从句1.if引导2.

unless引导3.so/aslongas引导4.in

case引导5.on

condition(that)引导6.provided

(that)引导1.if引导如果一个女孩因为你而笑，说明她喜欢你；如果她因为你而哭，说明她爱你。If

you

make

a

girl

laugh,

she

likes

you,

but

ifyou

makeher

cry,she

lovesyou.------《Kicking

the

Dog》如果我说我想一个人静一静，其实我比任何时候都需要你。If

I

sayleave

me alone,actually

Ineed

you

more

than

at

any

time.If

you

find

a

path

with

no

obstacles,

itprobably

doesn’t

lead

anywhere.—

Frank

A.Clark太容易的路，可能根本就不能带你去任何地方。2.unless引导如果我不戴眼镜，我就看不见。I

can't

see

if

I

don't

wear

glasses.我看不见，除非我带眼镜。Ican'tsee

unlessIwearglasses.unless=if

not不知道什么是忧伤，就不会真正感激幸福。You

cannot

appreciatehappiness

unlessyou

have

known

sadness

too.3.so/as

long

as引导只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。As

longaswe

don't

loseheart,we'll

finda

wayto e

the

difficulty.只要活着一定会遇上好事的。Aslongasyouarestillalive,youwilldefinitely

encounter

the

good

things

in

life.无学习，不人生。只要你活着，学习就不会停。There

is

no

stage

of

life

that

does

not

contain

somelessons.As

long

as__________,_______________________you

live

there

will

be

something

more

to

learn

.4.

in

case引导Take

some

money

with

you

in

case

you

want

tobuysomething.我把我的电话号码给你，万一你要联系我呢。I'll

leave

you

my

phone

nuumber

in

case

youwanttocontactme.5.

on

condition

(that)引导引导的从句是主语发生的唯一条件Ican

tell

youthe

truth

on

conditionthat

youpromise

to

keep

a

secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。6.provided

(that)引导He

willsignthecontractprovided

weoffermore

favorable

terms.如果我们提出更优惠的条件,他就会在合同上签字。写作练习学生可以打工，只要他们能够平衡学习和工作，并且合理安排好自己的时间。Studentscantakepart-time

jobsprovided

thatthey

can

balance

work

and

study

and

plan

theirtime

properly.政府应该探索太空，只要他的财政不紧张。The

government

can

explore

the

space

providedthat

itsbudget

isnottight.二、时间状语从句1.when引导2.while引导3.as引导4.before/after引导5.until/till引导6.as

soonas引导1.when引导When

you

do

a

bit

better

thanothers,they'dbe

jealous

and

they'd

admire

you

when

youmake

a

huge

difference.当你超过别人一点点，别人会嫉妒你；当你超过别人一大截，别人就会羡慕你。Take

the

chance

while

youstill

have

the

choice.当你还有得机会选择时，不妨冒险一试。我老婆看报纸的时候，我在看电视。While

my

wife

wasreading

the

newspaper,

Iwas

watching

TV.2.while引导while表示对比，转折Some

people

think

adults

should

learn

practicalskills

by

themselves,

while

others

think

theyshould

learn

from

teachers.

Discuss

both

viewsand

give

your

ownopinion.(2010/7/15W)Love

is

a

lamp,

while

friendship

is

the

shadow.When

the

lampis

off,you

will

find

theshadoweverywhere.

Friend

iswho

cangiveyoustrength

atlast.爱情是灯，友情是影子，当灯灭了，你会发现你的周围都是影子。朋友，是在最后可以给你力量的人。3.as引导As

you

grow

older,

you

will

discover

that

you

havetwo

hands,

one

for

helping

yourself

and

the

otherfor

helping

others.----Audrey

Hepburn当你再成熟有担当一点后，你会发现你有两只手，一只是用来助己，另一只用助人。----奥黛丽·赫本We

always

sing

as

we

walk.我们总是边走边唱。4.before/after引导My

father

had

left

for

N.Y.

just

before

theletter

arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去纽约了。After

you

think

it

over,

please

let

me

knowwhat

you

decide.你仔细考虑过之后告诉我你的决定。5.until/till引导直到...我工作到他回来为止。I

workeduntilhe

came

back.not...until(否定形式表达肯定意义)I

didn't

go

to

bed

until

my

father

came

back.9：00我讨厌等待，可如果等待能让我赢得你，那我会一直等着，直到拥有你。I

don’t

like

waiting.

But

if

waitingmeanshaving

you,

then

I

will

wait

until

I

have

you.只要一个人还有追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想，一个人才算老。A

man

is

not

old

as

long

as

he

is

seekingsomething.

A

man

is

not

old

until

regrets

takethe

place

ofdreams.6.as

soon

as引导一...就我一到加拿大，我就打电话给你。As

soon

as

Ireach

Canada,I'll

ringyouup.As

soon

as

you

stop

wanting

something,

youget

it.

------AndyWarhol.当你不再期待什么东西的时候，你就会得到。一...就the

moment/minute/instantThe

minute

you

think

of

giving

up,

think

of

thereason

why

you

held

on

solong.在你想要放弃的那一刻，想想为什么当初坚持走到了这里。immediately/directly/instantlyI'll

go

there

directly

I

have

finished

my

dinner.一吃完晚饭，我就去那儿。三、原因状语从句1.

because引导2.

since引导3.

as引导4.

for引导5.now

that引导6.seeing/considering引导剑7,T1,R2剑7,T1,R21.

because引导直接原因，多放主句后重要的是，你要为自己负责，因为没人会来帮你。It's

important

to

takeresponsibilities,

becauseno

one

else

is

going

to

doit

for

you.2.since引导“既然”

表示大家都知道的原因。Sinceeveryone

is

here,

let's

begin.既然大家都在这儿了，那就开始吧。既然没有人反对，那我们就通过吧。Since

noone

isagainstit,

we'llpassit.既然认准一条道路，何必去打听要走多久。Sinceyou

have

aimedat

one

wayto

go,why

areyou

askinghow

longit

takes?3.

as引导“由于”语气较弱/缓和As

his

wife

requests

it,

he'll

come.He'll

come

becausehis

wife

requests

it.As

myeldersister

hadnocar,

shestayedathome.As

itis

Sunday,we

stayathome.4.

for引导表原因，不放句首The

day

breaks,because

the

sun

is

rising.The

daybreaks,

forthebirdsare

singing.推测意味Some

peopletendto

takecontemporaryjobs,for

theyhave

thetimetodo

other

thingstheyare

interested

in.

(09/12/3)I

am

not

afraid

of

tomorrow

for

I

haveseenyesterday

and

love

today.我不害怕明天，因为我经历过昨天，又热爱今天。Never

lose

an

opportunity

ofseeinganything

beautiful,

for

beauty

isGod'shandwriting.美是上帝的手迹，千万不要错过欣赏的机会。5.

now

that引导既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事。Now

thatyou

area

man,you

mustnot

dosuchthings.四、目的状语从句简单句forin

order

toso

as

toto从句in

order

that.....so

that.....so...that•Inordertobeirreplaceableonemustalways

bedifferent.

——Coco

Chanel要做到不可替代，就要与众不同。——可可·香奈儿One

must

always

be

differentin

order

that

he

is

irreplaceable.我要早起以便能赶上早班车I'll

get

up

early

so

that

I

can

catch

up

the

early

bus.我把窗户打开以便新鲜空气能进来I

opened

the

window

so

that

fresh

air

might

come

in.他装病以便能待在家里He

pretended

to

be

ill

in

order

that

he

could

stay

at

home.他一直很努力地学习以便能够取得进步He

always

studies

so

hard

that

he

may

make

great

progress.五、结果状语从句so

thatso...that/such...

thatso...that/so

thatI'll

get

up

early

so

that

I

can

catch

up

the

early

bus.(目的)I

got

up

early

so

that

I

caught

up

the

early

bus.(结果)He

always

studies

so

hard

that

he

may

make

great

progress.(目的)Western

fast

food

is

so

tempting

that

few

children

can

resist

itstemptation.(结果)以便？以至于？so...

thatso+adj/adv+that

如此...以至于她是如此聪明的女孩以至于我们都很喜欢她。She

is

so

clever

that

we

all

like

her

very

much.我起得很早才赶上早班车。I

got

up

so

early

that

I

caught

up

the

early

bus.西餐如此有诱惑力，以至于没有小孩能够抵制它的诱惑。Western

fast

food

is

so

tempting

that

few

children

can

resist

itstemptation.有时候，人太关注于想要得到的东西，却忘记了自己所拥有的一切。Sometimes,

we’re

so

busy

wishing

for

what

wewant

thatweforgetall

thatwealreadyhave.六、让步状语从句1.although/

though引导2.

as引导3.even

if/though4.no

matter+特殊疑问词1.

although/

though引导Although

I

am

tired,

I

must

go

onworking.Though

heis

young,heknowsa

lot.although比though正式2.

as引导as引起倒装Young

as

he

is,

he

knows

a

lot.尽管他很丑，但他很温柔。Ugly

ashe

is,he

istender.3.

even

if/thoughEven

thoughyou

only

have

theshadowofyourself

with

you,

don't

forget

to

smile

toyourself.就算只有自己的影子陪伴，也不要忘记对自己微笑。即使有人打碎了你的心，总还是会有人，愿意修补好它。Even

if

someone

breaks

your

heart,

there

isalways

someone

willing

to

mendit.37.

what

does

the

writer

say

about

America’s

waste

problem?A.

It

will

increase

in

line

with

population

growth.B.

It

is

not

as

important

as

we

have

been

led

to

believe.C.

It

has

been

reduced

through

public

awareness

of

the

issues.D.

It

is

only

significant

in

certain

areas

of

the

country.剑5,T1,R3对应原文The

fourth

factor

is

poor

individual

perception.

Peopleworry

that

the

endless

rise

in

the

amount

of

stuff

everyonethrows

away

will

cause

the

world

to

run

out

of

places

todispose

of

waste.

Yet,

even

if

America’s

trash

outputcontinues

to

rise

as

it

has

done

in

the

past,

and

even

if

theAmerican

population

doubles

by

2100,

all

the

rubbishAmerica

produces

through

the

entire

21st

century

will

stilltake

up

only

one-12,000th

of

the

area

of

the

entire

UnitedStates.4.no

matter+特殊疑问词nomatter

when=whenevernomatter

how=howevernomatter

what=whateverno

matter

where=whereverNo

matterwhen

you

start,

itisimportantthatyou

do

not

stop

after

starting.

No

matter

whenyou

end,

it

ismore

importantthat

you

donotregret

afterended.不论你在什么时候开始，重要的是开始之后就不要轻言放弃。不论你在什么时候结束，重要的是结束之后就不要后悔。不管心情如何，不论今天过得怎么样，无论身在何方，请记得...微笑No

matter

what

mood

you're

in,

what

kind

ofday

you

had,

or

where

you

are,

SMILE.不要把别人的关心当成理所当然。不管他有多爱你，最终也会有疲惫的一天。

Don't

take

people's

care

for

granted.

No

matterhow

much

they

loveyou,

people

gettiredeventually.热爱我生命中的每一瞬间，不论是好是坏。Love

everymoment

ofmy

life，

no

matter

it'sgoodornot.七、地点状语从句where引导有志者事竟成Wherethere

isa

will,there

isa

way.有爱的地方就有希望。Where

there

is

love,

there

is

hope.八、方式状语从句真题再现剑7,T2,R19

original

religious

purpose原文：The

multi-storey

pagoda

came

to

Japan

fromChina

in

the

sixth

century.

As

in

China,

they

werefirst

introduced

with

Buddhism

and were

attached

toimportant

temples.A:

both

Chinese

and

Japanese

pagodasB:

only

Chinese

pagodasC:

only

Japanese

pagodasA1.

as/just

as正如，就像2.

as

if/though好像,似乎The

little

girl

looks

as

if

she

is

going

to

cry.虚拟He

acted

as

if

nothing

had

happened.IneedhimlikeIneedtheairto

breathe.我需要他，正如我需要呼吸空气。•3.

like真题再现剑4,

T2,

R1(Yes

/

No/

Not

Given)13.

The

loss

of

linguistic

diversity(语言多样性)isinevitable(不可避免的).对应原文…..‘preserving(保护)a

language

is

more

like

preservingfruits

in

a

jar,’

he

says.YES名词汪欣改一改It’s

a

hard

work.It’sa

hard

job.

It’s hardwork.Could

I

have

three

papers

,please？Could

Ihave

three

piecesof

paper,

please?I

want

manywater.I

wantmuch

water.普通名词可数名词可以用a/an/数字修饰可以加s不可数名词不能用a/an/数字修饰不能加s可数名词单数不能打“光棍”！！！！！！！！！我喜欢苹果。I

likeapple.1.+修饰词(I

like

eating

this/that/the/my

apple.)2.+s(I

like

apples.)可数名词复数规则名词+s/es/ves不规则名词复数形式危机crisis基础basis数据datum现象phenomenon原则criterioncrisesbasesdataphenomenacrit