学术英语社科Unit1带答案公开课一等奖市赛课获奖课件

学术英语社科AcademicEnglishforSocialSciencesTextAKeytermsCriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeSpecializedvocabularyCollocationsFormalandinformalEnglishSignpostlanguageUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesTextAKeyterms

rationalpeople:理性人Thosepeoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydothebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectives,giventheavailableopportunities.Unit1

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EconomicActivitiesmarginalchange:边际变化smallincrementaladjustmentstoaplanofaction

marginalbenefit:边际效益theadditionalbenefitfromanincreaseinanactivityTextAKeytermsUnit1

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EconomicActivities

marginalcost:边际成本theadditionalcostfromanincreaseinanactivity

marginaldecision-making:边际决策theadditionalcostfromanincreaseinanactivity

incentive:鼓励

somethingthatinducesapersontoactHowPeopleMakeDecisionsEconomists’explanationaboutdecisionmaking:Therearerulesbehindpeople’sdecision-makingbehaviors.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesRationalpeoplethinkatthemargin.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesExample1:standbyticketsWhatarationalairlinecando?Situation:Flyinga200-seatplaneacrosstheU.S.coststheairline$100,000.Costofeachseat:$500(That’stosay,neversellaticketforlessthan$500.)Suppose:Aplaneisabouttotakeoffwith10emptyseats.Astandbypassengerwillpay$300foraseat.Question:shouldtheairlineselltheticket?Answer:Yes.Reason:Iftheplanehasemptyseat,thecostofaddingonemorepassengeristiny.Herethemarginalcostismerelythecostofsomethingtoeat,likepeanuts,coco,etc.Conclusion:Aslongasthestandbypassengerpaysmorethanthemarginalcost,sellingtheticketisprofitable.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesExample2:watervs.diamondWhyiswatersocheap,whilediamondsaresoexpensive?waterdiamondNecessaryforsurvivalThemarginalbenefitofanextracupissmallbecausewaterisplentiful.UnnecessaryforsurvivalThemarginalbenefitofanextradiamondislargebecausediamondsarerare.Unit1

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EconomicActivitiesTextACriticalreadingandthinkingTextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesConclusion:Rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin.(Theymakedecisionsbycomparingcostsandbenefits.)

Areyouarationalperson?Example1:thepriceofanappleHowpeoplerespondtoincentives?Whenthepricerises:Itprovidesanincentiveforbuyerstoconsumeless;Itprovidesanincentiveforsellerstoproducemore.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesRationalpeoplerespondtoincentives.

Example2:ataxongasolineHowpeoplerespondtoincentives?

Encouragepeopleto□drivesmall,morefuel-efficientcars;□carpool□takepublictransportation;□liveclosertowheretheywork;□drivehybridcars;□driveelectriccars.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1

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Example3:aseatbeltlawAmericanlawsrequireseatbeltsasstandardequipmentonnewcars.Howaseatbeltlawaltersadriver’scost-benefitcalculation(Peltzman’sanalysis):Seatbeltsreducethelikelihoodofinjuryordeath→makeaccidentslesscostly→drivefasterandlesscarefully→alargenumberofaccidentsTextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesResult:Theselawsproducebothfewerdeathsperaccidentandmoreaccidents.

Conclusion1:Thenetresultislittlechangeinthenumberofdriverdeathsandanincreaseinthenumberofpedestriandeaths.Conclusion2:Whenanalyzinganypolicy,considerboththedirecteffectsandlessobviousindirecteffects.Ifthepolicychangesincentives,itwillcausepeopletoaltertheirbehavior.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUnit1

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EconomicActivities→Rationalpeopleknowthatwhentheymakeadecision,itisoftennotayes-or-nochoice,butrequiresdeliberateconsiderationoftheprosandcons.TextADifficultsentencesUnit1

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Rationalpeopleknowthatdecisionsinlifearerarelyblackandwhitebutusuallyinvolveshadesofgray.(Para.2)→Themostimportanttheoryineconomicstudyconcernsitselfwithincentives.Othertheoriesarenotasimportant.“Therestiscommentary”isaphraseusedinAmericanEnglishtomean“therestistrivialorlessimportant”.TextADifficultsentencesUnit1

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EconomicActivities“Peoplerespondtoincentives.Therestiscommentary.”(Para.6)→Atfirst,thisdiscussionofincentivesandseatbeltsmightseemlikerandomtalknotsupportedbyevidence.TextADifficultsentencesUnit1

Decision-MakingBehaviorsin

EconomicActivitiesAtfirst,thisdiscussionofincentivesandseatbeltsmightseemlikeidlespeculation.(Para.12)Specializedvocabularyrationalpeoplemarginaldecision-makingmarginalchangemarginalbenefitmarginalcostnetresultTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesCollocationsTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesachievethehighlevelofsatisfactionmaximizeprofitsachieveobjectivesbeblackandwhiterollroundblowoffflystandbypuzzlingeconomicphenomenatakeanactionallocatescarceresourcesendupwithunintendedconsequencesidlespeculationFormalandinformalEnglishSeePage9,anddoTask3.TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesSignpostlanguage

Showconnectionsbetweensentencesandparagraphs.SeePage9,anddoTask2

TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesSignpostlanguageTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

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EconomicActivities

Signalimportantpartsofacademicwriting,suchasstructure,writer’sposition,arguments,conclusionReportingsomeone’sview:

Somepeople/researcher(s)maintain(s)/argue(s)/assert(s)/claim(s)/point(s)out…SignpostlanguageDisagreeingwithsomeone’sview:Idisagreewith…thatTheviewisopentodoubt/notnecessarilytrue/highlydebatable…Oneofthemainargumentagainst…isthatTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesSignpostlanguagePointingoutagapinresearch:Howeverlittleinformation…Thesestudieshaveemphasized…,asopposedto…Althoughconsiderableresearchhasfocusedon…,lessattentionhasbeengivento…TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

Decision-MakingBehaviorsin

EconomicActivitiesSignpostlanguageAgreeingwithsomeone’sview:Iagreewith…whenhewritesthat…Xiscertainlycorrectinsayingthat…Anotherpointinfavourof…is…Afurtherargumentsupporting…is…NB:Inthefollowingunitsofstudy,moreexampleswillbegiven.TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesTask1Thetreediagrambelowillustratesthemainpointsofthetext.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesDecision-makingbehaviorsineconomicactivitiesThinkingatthemargincomparingmarginal________andmarginal__________Respondingto__________Example1standbyticketsCriticalreadingandthinkingExample2______vs._________Example1thepriceofanappleExample2ataxon_________Example3_____________costbenefitswaterdiamondsincentivesgasolineseatbeltslawTask2Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).TextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesCriticalreadingandthinkingF___1Whenrationalpeoplemakedecisionsinlife,theyareverycertainofthechoice.___2Atthetimeofexamination,studentshavetodecidehowtousealltheirtimestudying.___3Marginalchangesaresmallgradualchangesofthepresentplanofaction.___4Theexampleofthestandbyflyistoldtoshowhowcostcanbeignored.___5Diamondsaremoreexpensivethanwaterbecausepeoplearemoreattractedtothem.FFFTTask2Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).TextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesCriticalreadingandthinkingT___6Thequotationofoneeconomist“Peoplerespondtoincentives.Therestiscommentary.”isgiventoshowtheimportanceofincentives.___7Theexampleoftheappleshowshowfoodpricesvaryaccordingtomarketneeds.___8Thegasolinetaxhasaneffectonpeople’schoiceofcars.___9Whentheseatbeltismadecompulsory,peopledrivemorecarefully.___10Policymakersneedtotakeintoconsiderationthelessobviousindirecteffectsofapolicy.FFFTTask1SpecializedvocabularyTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up1MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBandthentranslatethephrasesyouhavegotintoChinese.ColumnAColumnB1marginalaresource2scarcebresult3maximizecchange4netdsatisfaction5levelofepeople6rationalfprofitTask1SpecializedvocabularyTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up1MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBandthentranslatethephrasesyouhavegotintoChinese.1____________________________________________2____________________________________________3____________________________________________4____________________________________________5____________________________________________6____________________________________________marginalchange边际变化scarceresources稀缺资源maximizeprofits最大化利润netresult净成果levelofsatisfaction满意度rationalpeople理性人Task1SpecializedvocabularyTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up2TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingsomeofthephrasesabove.1

我们来年旳目旳是取得利润最大化。_______________________________________________2

时间是一种稀缺资源，所以假如工人失业，他们旳时间就浪

费了。______________________________________________________________________________________________Weaimtomaximizeprofitsoverthenextyear.Timeisascarceresource,soifworkersareunemployedtheirtimeiswasted.Task1SpecializedvocabularyTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up2TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingsomeofthephrasesabove.3理性人有非理性旳想法吗？_______________________________________________4

满意度调查成果表白游客对某些服务不满意。______________________________________________________________________________________________Dorationalpeoplehaveirrationalthoughts?Researchintosatisfactionlevelhasfoundthattouristsarenotsatisfiedwithsomeoftheservices.Task2SignpostlanguageTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up1MatchthesignpostlanguagefromTextAwiththepurposeeachofthemserves.

SignpostlanguagePurposes1aswewillseeaexplanation2atthesametimebtimesequence3bycontrastcgivingexamples4forexampledcomparisonandcontrast5inotherwordsecoherence6inthiscase1__2__3__4__5__6__ebdcaeTask2SignpostlanguageTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up2Completethefollowingsentencesusingthesignpostlanguagelistedabove.1Heisnotwell-knownforhisrespectforfactualaccuracy,_____________,hewaslying.2Officescaneasilybecomemoreenvironmentally-friendlyby,___________,usingrecycledpaper.3Wedon’tlikethesituation.But_______________,wehavetodealwiththisproblem.inotherwordsforexampleatthesametimeTask2SignpostlanguageTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up2Completethefollowingsentencesusingthesignpostlanguagelistedabove.4Theireconomyhasexpandedenormously,whileours,___________,hasdeclined.5_____________,inthischapterthereisnogeneralformulaforthesolutiontothisquestion.6Thewholeteamdon’twanttolosehim.___________,heneedstorealizethatcompanyregulationsmustbeobeyed.bycontrastAswewillseeInthiscaseTask3FormalEnglishTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up1ReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththemoreformalonesfromTextA.1Asyoustudyeconomics,youwillcomeacrossfirmsthatdecidehowmanyworkerstohireandhowmuchoftheirproducttomanufactureandselltomaximizeprofits.

Key:___________2Thereasonisthataperson’swillingnesstopayforanygoodisbasedonthemarginalbenefitthatanextraunitofthegoodwouldproduce.

Key:____________encounteryieldTask3FormalEnglishTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up1ReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththemoreformalonesfromTextA.3Anincentiveissomethingthatpersuadesapersontoact,suchastheprospectofapunishmentorareward.

Key:___________4Manypolicieschangethecostsorbenefitsthatpeoplefaceand,therefore,changetheirbehavior.

Key:____________5Forexample,considerpublicpolicyaboutautosafety.

Key:____________inducesalterregardingTask3FormalEnglishTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up1ReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththemoreformalonesfromTextA.6Thedeclineinsafedrivinghasaclear,badimpactonpedestrians.

Key:___________7Atfirst,thisdiscussionofincentivesandseatbeltsmightseemlikeanidleguess.

Key:____________8Whenapersonwearsaseatbelt,thelikelihoodofsurvivinganautoaccidentrises.

Key:____________adversespeculationprobabilityTask3FormalEnglishTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesLanguagebuilding-up2Completethesentenceswithsomeoftheanswersyouhavegotintheaboveexercise.1Stresscanhavea(n)________effectonpeople’shealth.2Thisdoesn’t_____thefactthatwhatyoudidwaswrong.3Hewarnedusthatwemight__________alotofoppositionattheverybeginning.4Somebelievethatsurgerycould_______aheartattack.5Hehasverylittletosay_________thenewEUregulations.6Knowingaboutthepastdoesn’tnecessarily_____solutionstocurrentproblems.adversealterencounterinduceregardingyieldTextBCriticalreadingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesNewAirportLandingFeesDelayedSeePage14,anddoTask1andTask2TextBCriticalreadingUnit1

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EconomicActivitiesAnewfederalpolicy:allowingairportstochargehigherlandingfeesduringpeakperiodsReasonforformulatingthispolicy:encourageairlinestoarrangef